中考英语复习：被动语态小结及练习最新精品复习资料

1、被动语态小结及练习一、 被动语态的用法：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者1.一般现在时的被动语态：is /am /are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is clea ned everyday.2.一般过去时的被动语态：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.3.现在完成时的被动语态：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book has bee n tran slated into many Ian guages.4.过去完成时的被动语态：had bee

2、n +及物动词的过去分词The dish had bee n eate n up whe n I got there.5.一般将来时的被动语态：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built i n our city.6.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered ofte n.7.现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + bei ng +及物动词的过去分词Un cle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being r

3、epaired by Tom now.8.不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be pla nted.二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1.先找出谓语动词；2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。例: 1. Bruce writes a letter every week.A letter is writte n by Bruce every wee

4、k.三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1.不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例: make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定

5、He gave me a book.A book was give n to me by him.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can t laugh at him.He can t be laugh at by us.注意:一.以下不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die ,disappear, end, fail,happe n, last, lie,rema in, break out, come true, fall asleep,take place. 比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；

6、raise, seat是及物动词。（令错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（令错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.二、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, marry, own, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, succeed in, happen to, takepart in,bel ong to三、系动词无被动语态：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow,

7、keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn1） It sounds good. 2） The steel feels cold 3） The method proved （to be） effective.四、 带同源宾语的及物动词 （dream,dream, live,live, lifelife），反身代词（oneselfoneself）, ,相互代词（eacheach otherother）,不能用于被动语态：She dreamed a bad dream last ni ght. He lives ap五、当宾语是

8、不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）She likes to swim. （错）To swim is liked by her.六、“bebe 过去分词并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。当“be 过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be 是助动词，be 后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；当“be 过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be 是连系动词。be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1 如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例如：The glass is broke n. 玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）The gl

9、ass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：The magazi ne is published in Sha nghai.这家杂志出版于上海。（被动语态）The door is locked .门锁着。（系表结构）The door has already/just been locked.门已经 / 刚刚被锁上。（被动语态）The shop is ope ned.这家商店开门了。（系表结构）The shop is ope ned at 8 a.m. everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门

10、。（被动语态七、用某些不及物动词表示被动意义，女口carry,cut,drive,ir on ,keep,lock,ope n, pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词，也能作不及物动词。作不及物动词时，形式上虽为主动，却表示被动意义。例如：Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。The car drove easily.这车很容易开。Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。八、某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义。例如：This shirt feels much softer tha

11、n that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。These oran ges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示。若用进行时，则表示主动含义。比较：The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在闻油漆的气味。九、 在 need（want, require, deserve, etc.）doing句型中，动名词（doing）相当于动词不定式的被动式（to bedone），在意思上没有多大差别。例如：The garde n n eeds wateri ng. The ga

12、rde n n eeds to be watered.花园需要浇水。The problem requires study ing with great care.The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔纟田研究。These jobs want doing at once. These jobs want to be done at on ce.这些工作需要马上就做。在某些性质形容词+动词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。（difficult, easy, hard, comfortable,pleas

13、ant, fit,unfit,light , heavy, good, safe, dangerous）例如：The questi on is easy to an swer.这问题容易回答。That book is difficult to un dersta nd.那本书难懂。在这种句型结构中，动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的，相当于It s easy to answer the question.禾口 It s difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置，所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动

14、关系。被动语态考点揭秘I.被动语态的构成和用法【考点】被动语态的基本构成形式是“be 及物动词（短语）的过去分词”，其中 be 有人称、数和时态的变化。（巧记：被动语态 be 词变，过去分词跟后面）。其用法有以下几种：不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁； 突出或强调动作的执行者；基于文章行文的需要。（巧记：谁做的动作不重要，说出谁做的没必要，动作承受 者需强调，基于行文的需要，被动语态需用到）。【考例】1. More than two schools _ in the city next year. （2008 年，广东汕头）A. are builtB. were builtC. have

15、builtD. will be built2. The watch I lost yesterday_ in the desk. （2008 年，宁夏）A. has foundB. foundC. has bee n found D. is found【简析】1. Doschools 与 build 存在动宾关系，应用被动语态，再根据时间状语next year 可知选 D。2. C。watch 与 find 是动宾关系，应用被动语态，语境表达的是 找到了 ”的结果，用现在完成时的被动语态，选Con.情态动词的被动语态【考点】含有情态动词的被动语态结构是情态动词+be+及物动词（短语）的过去分词

16、”。（巧记：情态动词变被动，情态动词+be+过分需运用。）【考例】Do you believe there are alie ns?I m afraid not. I don t think alieinsspace. （2008 年，湖北黄冈）A. can findB. can be found C. can be foundedD. can t be found【简析】答案 Boaliens 与 find 是动宾关系，用被动语态，选B。同时应注意否定转移和found 表示建立”的含义。川.短语动词的被动语态【考点】短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或

17、副词。【考例】Nowadays the old should _ in our society. （2008 年，甘肃兰州）A. be take n good careB. be take n good care ofC. be take n well careD. take good care of【简析】B。 通过题干和句意分析可知老人是被照顾”，应用被动语态，排除D; take good care of 是固定短语，of不可省略，故选 BoIV .主动形式表达被动意义【考点】主动结构表达被动意义的情况有：1. open , lock, read, sell, clean, wash, c

18、ut, burn , drive 等动词在强调主语的特点、特征或性质时，常用主动形式表达被动意义，一般可以和well, easily 等副词连用；2. look, sou nd, taste , feel, smell 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义；3. want/need/require +doing 相当于 want/need/require to be done ，表不定式的被动结构；4. be worth doing 中的 doing 表被动意义。【考例】1. Do you like this shirt?Yes. It _ very soft. （2008 年，四川自贡）A. is feeli ngB. feelsC. is felt2. Beef noodles in Lanzhou taste