广东农业概况

1、广东农业概况GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE AGRICULTURE OFGUANGDONG PROVINCE广东省农业厅 外事外经处Division of Foreign Affairs and EconomyAgriculture Department of Guangdong Province目录CATALOGUE前言 PREFACE广东概况 GUANGDONG SURVEY1. 自然地理 NATURE AND GEOGRAPHY2. 资源 RESOURCE3. 人 口 与 生 活 水 平 POPULATION AND STANDARD OF LIVING广东农业经

2、济发展情况介绍 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF GUANGDONG综述 GENERAL STATEMENT粮食 GRAIN经济园艺作物 CASH CROPS AND HORTICULTURE畜牧业 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-农业机械化 AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION-广 东 农 业 成 为 外 商 竞 相 投 资的 热 点 THE HOT SPOT OF FOREIGNINVESTMENT-AGRICULTUREINGUANGDONG农 业 利 用 外 资 水 平 不 断

3、 提 高 CONTINUALLY ENHANCED UTILIZATION RATIO OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT广东鼓励外商投资农业的领域 FIELDS ENCOURAGED FORFOREIGN INVESTMENT广东农产品畅销世界 THE FARM PRODUCTS OF GUANGDONG ARE WELCOME THROUGHOUT THE WORLD 前 言 Preface 广东是中国南部最大的省份，濒临南海毗领港澳、交通便利、 华侨众多、地理位置优势明显，因此 , 广东成为中国对外开放政策的 最早实践者，经济和社会发展的各个方面在全国“先行一步” ，为广 大外商

4、拓展了极大的投资和贸易机会。二十多年来， 中国成为世界上经济增长速度最快的国家之一， 而 广东又排在全国的前列。 2002 年广东实现国内生产总值达 11770 亿 元，进出口贸易总额 2211 亿美元，其中出口总额 1185亿美元，实际 利用外资达 166亿美元；实现农业总产值 1781 亿元，农产品进出口 总额 52亿美元，其中出口 27亿美元，进口 25 亿美元，实际利用外 资总额 11022 万美元。广东正是凭借这种有相当竞争力的投资环境以及优越的地理位 置，丰富的农业资源、庞大的市场容量等，与世界 180 多个国家和地 区确立了紧密的经济伙伴关系， 世界跨国公司 500强有 400

5、多家在广 东投资；广东经济正快速纳入国际分工和国际交换的世界经济体系， 国际经济的通行规则在广东普遍适用。积极合理有效地利用外资，加强农业的对外经济技术交流和合 作，是广东发展农业经济的重要途径， 随着经济全球化进程的加速发 展以及中国加入世界贸易组织， 广东仍将采取更加务实的态度、 鼓励 外商投资农业综合开发及食品加工业， 进一步加强与国外的农业经济 交流与合作。我们希望这本小册子能帮助你了解广东农业发展情况Being the biggest province in south China, Guangdong is adjacent to Hongkong and Macao specia

6、l administrative regions, and borders the South China Sea. Since the province has its own unique geographical and human advantages of having convenient transportation and being the native land of a large number of overseas Chinese, Guangdong has taken the “first step”in China to carry out the reform

7、 and opening-up policy and made great achievements in economic and social development which have provided foreign investors with a great opportunity of investment and trade.Over the past twenty-odd years, China has been one of countries with highest economic growth rate in the world, and Guangdong h

8、as led the headway throughout the country. In 2002, the Guangdongs GDP reached 117.7 billion RMB Yuan and the gross value of import and export was US 221.1 billion, of which the gross value of export was US$ 118.5 billion and the foreign investment in actual use reached US$ 16.6 billion in 2002. The

9、 gross output value of Guangdong agriculture added up to 178 billion RMB Yuan, the gross value of imported and exported agricultural products of US$ 5.2 billion, among which export of US$ 2.7 billion and import of US$ 2.5 billion and the actual use of foreign investment amounted to US$ 110.2 million

10、.Guangdong has established close economic and trade partnership relations with over 180 countries and regions in the world by relying on its competitive investment environment, advantageous geographical location , abundant agricultural resourcesand huge market capacity. At present, there have been o

11、ver400 transnational corporations of the 500 listed by the magazine fortune investing in Guangdong. Thus, Guangdongs economy has been progressively integrated into the world economic system through participating in international division of labor and international exchange, and the internationally a

12、ccepted economic rules are commonly adaptable in Guangdong.It is an important way of Guangdong s development of agricultural economy to make active, reasonable and effective use of foreign capital and strengthen foreign economic exchange and cooperation in agriculture. Along with the accelerated gro

13、wth of economic globalization and Chinas entering into WTO, Guangdong will take a more pragmatic attitude to encourage foreign businessmento invest in agricultural comprehensive development and food processing industry and further strengthen the agricultural economic exchange and cooperation with fo

14、reign countries.We hope this brochure will give you a clear picture on Guangdongs agricultural development.一、广东概况 Guangdong Survey1、自然地理 1. Nature and Geography位置、范围和面积Location, Range and Area广东位于中国大陆最南部，北纬203 251 和东经1095 1179 之间.东邻福建、北接江西、湖南，西与广西接 壤。南临南海，并在珠江口东西两侧分别与香港和澳门特别行政区接 壤，西南端隔琼州海峡与海南相望。广东陆地

15、总面积17.98万平方公里，约占全国陆地总面积的1.87%;其中岛屿面积1209.59平方千米。 广东山地、丘陵、台地、平原兼有，以山地、丘陵为主，平原有珠江 三角洲平原和潮汕平原，较大河流有中国第三大河珠江以及东江、西江、北江、韩江、鉴江等。Being located at latitude 203 to 251 north and Iongitude109 45 to 117 20 east, Gua ngdo ng borders the South China Sea in the south and is adjace nt to Guan gxi Zhua ng aut onom

16、ous regi on to the west, Fujia n province to the east, Jia ngxi and Hunan provin ces to the n orth, with Hainan province to the other side of the Qiongzhou straits and it also borders Hong Kong and Macao respectively on easter n and wester n sides of Pearl River estuary. The land area of Guangdong p

17、rovince totals 179 thousa nd square km, acco unting for 1.87% of the total la nd area of China, among which the island area reaches 1209.59 square km. The land area comprises mountainous areas, hill lands and flat Ian ds, among which mountainous areas and hill lands take the dominant place. The Pear

18、l River Delta Plain and Chaoshan Plain are the two biggest flat lands within the province. The Pearl River is the third Iongest river in China and other main rivers include Dongjiang River, Xijiang River, Beijjiang River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River.气候和水文Climate and Hydrology广东属东亚季风区，从北向南分别为中

19、亚热带、南亚热带和热带 气候，是全国光、热、水资源最为丰富的地区，年平均气温22.3度，年平均日照数在1750小时左右；广东降水充沛，年平均降水量为1300 1600毫米之间。汛期（4 9月）降水量占全年80%以上，充沛的雨 量使广东大地四季常青，生机盎然。广东地区光热条件适宜香蕉、荔枝、龙眼、菠萝、甘蔗、橡胶、 剑麻等喜温经济作物的生产，也使其成为国内冬季重要的北运菜生产 基地。Being located in the East Asia n monsoon zone, Guan gdo ng enjoys Mid-Asia tropical, South-Asia tropical and

20、 tropical climate ranging from the north to the south. Guangdong boasts of the richest province in China in terms of sunshine, heat and water resources. Its average annual temperature is 22.3 C and its average yearly sunshine time is about 1,750 hours. Guangdong enjoys abundant rain fall with the av

21、erage annual rai nfall of 1,300-1,600 millimeters, of which 80% falls in flood season from April to September. Abundant precipitati on en ables Guan gdo ng to enjoy a vigorous life and gree n trees throughout all seas ons of a year.Due to the natural conditions of sunshine and heat, it suits the gro

22、wing of thermophilic cash crops such as banana, litchi, longan, pin eapple, sugarca ne, rubber, sisal and so on, which en ables Guangdong to become an important production base of vegetables transported to North China in winter.2、资 源 2. Resources土地 Land广东是国内人多地少的省份之一，全省现有土地面积17.98万平 方公里，其中宜农地434万公顷，

23、占24.14%,宜林地1100万公顷， 占61% 土地利用的实际情况为：耕地 312.8万公顷，园地83.6万 公顷，林地1025万公顷，牧草地2.7万公顷。土地资源的特点是山 多平原少。Guangdong is one of provinces with limited land and dense population. The land area of Guangdong is179,800 square km, of which the area suitable for farm is 4.34million hectares, accounting for 24.14% and t

24、he area suitable for forest is 11million hectares, accounting for 61%. The land in actual use: arable land of 3.128million hectares, garden plot of 836thousand hectares, woodland of 10.25million hectares and grassland of 27thousand hectares.水力与水产 Hydraulic power and aquatic production 广东降水充沛，水资源相当丰富

25、。水力资源蕴藏量 1073 万千瓦， 可开发装机容量 666 万千瓦。广东海岸线漫长，海域辽阔，广东大陆 海岸线总长度 3368 公里、居全国各省区第一位，沿海 500平方米以 上的大小岛屿 759 个。海洋生物资源丰富，淡水养殖可养面积 42.96 万公顷，已开发养殖面积 36.3 万公顷，海水可养殖面积 77.57 万公 顷，已开发养殖面积 19.5 万公顷。Water resource is fairly abundant duo to the plentiful rainfall. The hydroelectric reserve is 10.73 million kilowatts

26、, of which 6.66 million kilowatts can be installed to generate electricity. Guangdong owns a wide sea area and a long coastline. With the length of 3,368 km, Guangdong ranks the first in China in terms of coastal line. There are 759 islands and islets each with a size over 500square meters. Marine r

27、esources are abundant. 429.6 thousand hectares of water area can be used as fresh water fish farm and 363 thousand hectares have been developed. 775.7 thousand hectares of water area can be used asseawater fish farm, and 195 thousand hectares have been exploited.森林和动植物 Forestry, animal and plant 广东四

28、季常青，林木茂盛，动植物种类繁多。北部南岭地区的 典型植被为亚热带山地常绿阔叶林， 中部为亚热带常绿季雨林， 南部 为热带常绿季雨林。全省林业用地面积 1025 万公顷、森林覆盖率 57%， 活立木蓄积量 3亿立方米，植物种类逾 8000多种，设有 10 多个珍稀 动物自然保护区、其中肇庆鼎湖山被列为世界自然保护区。Guangdong owns dense forests, green trees in all seasons and various ani mals. It takes the subtropical hill-la nd evergree n broadleaf trees

29、 as the typical pla nts in the north regi on, subtropical evergree n rain seas on trees in the cen tral regi on, and tropical evergree n rai n seas on trees in the south. The forestry land area of Guangdong totals 10.25 million hectares and the forest cover rate is 57%. Guangdong has a stock of fore

30、st of 300 million cubic meters, over 8000 plant species, more than 10 natural reserves for rare animals, among which the Dinghu Mountain in Zhao qing city is desig nated as a world n atural reserve.3、人口与生活水平 3. Population and Standard of living广东是人口较多和较稠密的省份之一，2002年末全省总人口7864.76万人.人口密度为每平方公里442人，社会从

31、业人员达4124.97万人，其中农、林、牧.渔从业人数1556万人。2002年城镇居民人均可支配收入11137元,农民人均纯收入3912元。Guangdong is one of the provinces with a larger and denser populati on. At the end of 2002, the total populati on of Guangdong was 78.6476 million; the population density was 442 persons per square km. And the number of people emp

32、loyed in the province was 41.2497 million, of which 15.56 million were employed in the industries of agriculture,forestry, ani mal husba ndry and fishery. The yearly per capita disposable in come of reside nts livi ng in cities and tow ns was 11,137 RMB Yuan, and the annual per capita net in come of

33、 peasa nts was 3,912 RMB Yuan.广东农业经济发展情况介绍Brief introduction to the Agricultural Economic Developmentof Guangdong综 述 General Introduction广东农业和农村工作以率先基本实现现代化总揽全局，依靠科 技进步，进一步调整和优化农业生产结构，实现了经济持续增长，农 民增收农村稳定的目标。2002年年广东国内生产总值达11769.73亿元(当年价)，农业总产值达1781.06亿元，创造了历史以来的最 高纪录。其中种植业产值 841.77亿元，林业产值57.09亿元，牧业

34、产值465.94亿元，渔业产值 416.29亿元。Guangdong achieved the goal of continuous economic growth, farmer iscome in crease and a stable rural area bas ing on the development strategy of taking the lead to accomplish basic modernization in agriculture and rural area, to further restructure and optimize agricultural

35、 producti on structure relyi ng on adva nces of scie nee and tech no logy. The GDP of Guan gdo ng province in 2002 amoun ted to 1176.973billion RMB Yuan (calculated at the price of 2002). The total output value of agriculture reached 178.106billion RMB Yuan, the highest record in the history, of whi

36、ch the output value of planting industry was 84.177billion, forestry industry 5.709billion, livestock production 46.594billion and fishery industry 41.629billion RMB Yuan.农业结构战略性调整取得新进展。在确保基本农田面积 和稳定粮食生产能力前提下，重点发展南亚热带的优质水 果、蔬菜、花卉等园艺作物，畜牧业和园艺业成为我省农业 的两大增长点。农村经济结构更趋合理。各地形成了各具特色的区域优势产品 和主导产业。如湛江市的南亚热带园

37、艺业，茂名市的优质荔枝、龙眼、 香蕉，肇庆市的肉桂、松脂，揭阳市的青梅、青榄，韶关市的毛竹，9潮州市的优质单枞茶，梅州市的沙田柚和白叶单枞茶等。The strategic reconstruction of Guangdong agriculture has made new progress. Under the precondition of ensuring the basic farmland area and the stable production of grain, Guangong turns focus on the development of South-Asia tr

38、opical horticulture crops such as high- quality fruits, vegetables and flowers etc. Animal Husbandry and gardening industry are becoming the nes growing points on the developme nt of Guangdong Agriculture.The structure of the rural economy has become more and more effective. Different regions of the

39、 province developed its own local-characteristic products and leading industry. Such as South-Asia tropical garde ning in dustry in Zhanjia ng city, high-quality litchi, l ongan and banana in Maoming city, cinnamon and turpe ntine in Zhao qing city, gree ngage and gree n olive in Jieya ng city, mao

40、Bamboo in Shaogua n city, high-quality Dancong tea in Chaozhou city as well as Shatia n shaddock and white-leaf Dancong tea in Meizhou city.粮 食 Grain Production广东一直高度重视保护和提高粮食生产能力，从战略高度解决粮 食问题，确保粮食安全。2002年粮食播种面积4021万亩(268万公 顷)，粮食产量1484万吨；平均亩产369公斤。其中水稻播种面积 210万公顷，总产是1243.46万吨，平均亩产395公斤，玉米播种面 积14.4万公

41、顷，总产量56.26万吨。From the point view of strategy, Guangdong has always attached great importanee to protecting and raising the capability of grain producti on in order to en sure the safety of grain producti on. In 2002, the area for grain totaled 40.21million mu (2.68million hectares), the total yield

42、reached 14.84milli on tons with the average yield of 369kg per mu. Among which, the sown area of rice was 2.1million hectares,the total output was 12.4346million tons with the average yield of 395 kg per mu and the sow n area of corn was 144thousa nd hectares with the total output of 562.6thousa nd

43、tons.经济、园艺作物Cash Crops and Horticultural Crops广东充分发挥资源方面的区域比较优势，大力发展名、优、稀、 特产品，目前全省已形成了各具特色的区域性农业生产布局和结构， 如粤西近400万亩的荔枝、龙眼、香蕉等南亚热带水果基地，粤东 150多万亩的优质茶果基地，粤北150多万亩的林果基地。Guangdong has made full use of regional advantagesin terms of resources and devoted great efforts to develop ing famous, high quality,

44、rare and special products. Nowadays, various regional agricultural production distributions and structures have formed, such as nearly 4million mu south subtropical fruit production base of litchi, longan and banana in the west of the provin ce, over 1.5milli on mu tea and fruit base in the east, an

45、d over 1.5milli on mu wood and fruit base in the no rth.水果 Fruit广东素有“水果之乡”的美称，盛产热带、亚热带水果，有 400 多个品种，除柑桔橙、香蕉、菠萝、荔枝被誉为“岭南佳果”外，还 盛产具地方风味的水果如龙眼、芒果、杨桃、柿子、柚子等。2002年全省水果种植面积875.41千公顷，总产698.91万吨，水果面积和 产量均居全国前列。其中：柑、桔、橙产量 81.92万吨；香蕉产量 271.77万吨；菠萝产量46.25万吨；龙眼产量38.23万吨；荔枝产 量97.76万吨；柚子产量41.48万吨；芒果产量19.06万吨。Guan

46、 gdo ng has always enjoyed the reputati on of being a“ hometow nof fruits ” and it is rich in tropical and subtropical fruits, which total over 400 varieties. It also abounds in fruits with a local flavor such as longan, man go, star fruit, persim mon and pomelo besides citrus, banana, pin eapple an

47、d litchi. I n 2002, the sow n area of fruits of the province was 875.41thousand hectares, the total output was 6.9891million tons and both ranked the front row in the country. Among the various fruits, the yield of citrus was 8,192thousand tons, banana 2.7177million tons, pineapple 462.5thousand ton

48、s, longan 382.3 thousand tons, litchi 977.6thousand tons, pomelo 414.8thousand tons and mango 190.6thousand tons.广东省茂名市种植水果历史悠久。 2002 全市水果种植面积达 29 万公顷， 其中荔枝 11.8 万公顷，龙眼 8 万公顷，香蕉 0.04 万公顷；总产量 89.9 万吨，居全省第一位。The City of Maoming in Guangdong province has a long history of planting fruits. In 2002, the

49、sown area of fruits of the city reached 290thousand hectares with litchi of 118thousand hectares, longan of 80thousand hectares and banana of 400 hectares. The total output was 899thousand tons and ranked the first in Guangdong province.蔬 菜 Vegetable 广东具有得天独厚的气候条件，适宜种植蔬菜，蔬菜品种多，质 量好，近年，全省各地积极引进、推广良种，

50、使全省蔬菜良种覆盖率 达到 70%以上。广东是中国蔬菜主产区， 2002 年全省蔬菜总播种面积 1128 千公顷，总产量达 2443 万吨，近年来大力推广塑料大棚、玻璃 温室等设施进行无土栽培， 无公害蔬菜生产有进一步发展， 同时还先 后从国内外引进和推广了一批优质高档良种， 如加拿大鱼翅瓜、 日本 板栗南瓜、荷兰黄瓜、台湾樱桃、番茄等品种，产品远销海内外，深 受消费者欢迎。Guangdong enjoys special favors of natural conditions of planting vegetables with high quality and various spec

51、ies. In recent years, cities of Guangdong province all actively introduced and extended improved varieties, which ensures the covering rate of improved strains of vegetables to reach over 70%. Guangdong is the main vegetable production base of China. The total sown area of vegetable in 2002 was 1.12

52、8million hectares and the total output reached 24.43million tons. In recent years, Guangdong has made great efforts to develop hydroponics by extending such facilities as plastic house and glass house. The pollution-free vegetable production has been further developed and a number of high quality, h

53、igh class varieties of vegetables have been introduced from other countries or other provinces of China, such as shark s fin melon from Canadian, chestnut pumpkin from Japanese, new kind of cucumber from Holland and cherry tomato from Taiwan. The products were greatly welcomed on both domestic and o

54、versea markets.花 卉 Flower 在新一轮农业战略性结构调整中花卉业呈现出迅速发展的势 头，成为农业增效、农民增收的一个新亮点。广东素有“百花之库”的美誉，花卉资源相当丰富，是全国四 大花卉产区之一。在全国常见的 510 多种花卉中，广东占有 80以 上。近年来，花卉业生产方兴未艾， 鲜切花、 盆景、兰花等远销欧美、 日本、东南亚、港澳台等国家和地区。 2002 年全省花卉种植面积达 38.58 千公顷，销售额 58 亿元。In a new round of strategic restructuring of agriculture, the horticulture is

55、 taking on a rapid development momentum and becomes a new highlight for enhancing the efficiency of agriculture and increasing the income of farmers.Guangdong has always been famed as being a “ storehouseof hundreds of flowers” hwfiltohwriecr resources and becomes one of fourmain flower-producing ar

56、eas of China. The varieties of flowers in Guangdong make up over 80% of the 510 species of common flowers in China. In recent years, with the flourishing horticulture production, its cutting flowers, potted landscapesand orchids have been sold to such countries and regions as Europe, the U.S., Japan

57、, southeastAsia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In 2002, the total sown area of flowers amounted to 38.58thousand hectares and the total sales volume reached 5.8 billion RMB Yuan.全国最大的南亚热带植物园The biggest south subtropical botanical garden in China广州市华南植物园占地 300公顷，计有 280 多科、 2000多属，共 5000 多种植物。Guangzhou

58、 South China Botanical Garden has an area of 300 hectares with over 280 families, over 2000 genera and over 5000 kinds.茶 叶 Tea 茶叶是广东传统的经济作物和出口商品。 广东不仅产茶历史悠久， 而且茶类品种丰富繁多， 近几年广东茶叶种植面积不断扩大， 质量明 显提高， 2002年全省茶园面积 40.53 千公顷，产茶 4.24 万吨。名优 茶供不应求，凤凰单丛、岭头单丛的中高档茶，优质绿茶、红茶、毛 尖茶、无公害茶远销海内外。Tea is the traditional c

59、ash crops and exported products of Guangdong. Guandong not only has a long history of producing tea but also owns various tea species. In the past several years, Guangdong has continuously expanded the sown area of tea and outstandingly raised the quality of tea. In 2002, the sown area of tea in the province totaled 40.