外研版必修三BOOK3优质教案M6P4GrammarNondefiningandDefiningAttributiveClauses

1、P4GrammarOld and NewM6Objectives1. To learn about non-defining attributive clauses2. To learn about contraction of attributive clausesGrammar 11. After studying music in Vienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, where he became director of music. 2. Having worked there

2、for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful. 3. People generally agree that Pablo Picasso, who lived from 1881 to 1973, is the twentieth-centurys greatest western artist. 4. People agree that Picassos greatest Cubist painting is Guernica, which was painted in Madrid in 1937. 5.

3、 Yang spoke to two astronauts abroad the International Space Station, which is orbiting the earth, American astronaut Edward Lu and Russia cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko.6. Lu, whose parents were born in China, spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight. 7. The US also has a lot of tabloid newspapers, s

4、uch as The New York Daily News, which are similar to British tabloids. 8. But one cannot forget the wonderful Chow Yun-Fat, who is as good with a sword as he is with a gun. 9. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the worlds third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam. After s

5、tudying music in Vienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, _ he became director of music. 2. Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, _ he was very successful. 3. People generally agree that Pablo Picasso, _ lived from 1881 to 1973, is the twentieth-cent

6、urys greatest western artist. wherewherewhogo Ready?4. People agree that Picassos greatest Cubist painting is Guernica, _ was painted in Madrid in 1937. 5. Yang spoke to two astronauts abroad the International Space Station, _ is orbiting the earth, American astronaut Edward Lu and Russia cosmonaut

7、Yuri Malenchenko.6. Lu, _ parents were born in China, spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight. whichwhichwhose7. The US also has a lot of tabloid newspapers, such as The New York Daily News, _ are similar to British tabloids. 8. But one cannot forget the wonderful Chow Yun-Fat, _ is as good with

8、a sword as he is with a gun. 9. The power of the Yangtze River, _ is the worlds third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.whichwhowhich Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. his D. what2. The old ma

9、n has two sons, _ is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them3. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大楼摩天大楼), _ has more than 100 stores. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which4. In the office I never seem to have t

10、ime until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time5. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it6. I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a go

11、od effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代

12、引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略词可以省略引导词：引导词：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用等，不用that或或why,不能省略不能省略定语从句定语从句 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有

13、as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语与定语。关系副词有等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语与定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。 非限制性定语从句举例：非限制性定语从句举例：1. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 2. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerf

14、ul. 3. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。她当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。 Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她的哥哥，现在是一名士兵，总是鼓

15、励她上大学。她的哥哥，现在是一名士兵，总是鼓励她上大学。 （她还有其他哥哥。）（她还有其他哥哥。）（她只有一个哥哥。）（她只有一个哥哥。）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.2. 有时有时as也可用作关系代词。也可用作关系代词。Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake.1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面

16、整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。句。3. 在非限定性定语从句中，用在非限定性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用代表人，用which代表事物。代表事物。The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. 4. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。Tom,

17、whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.as 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别引导非限制性定语从句的区别1. which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；引导的从句只能放在主句之后；as引导的从句可放在句首、句中或句尾。引导的从句可放在句首、句中或句尾。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting.He wasnt unconscious

18、, as could be judged from his eyes. 2. which既可代指先行词，又可代指整既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容，相当于个主句的内容，相当于 “and this” 或或 “and that”，译为，译为“这一点这一点”。as只能代指整个主只能代指整个主句的内容，常带有句的内容，常带有“正如正如”之意，且已形成之意，且已形成固定结构。固定结构。(as is known, as is reported, as is said, as is expected, as we know, etc.)My son now goes to the school, wh

19、ich I used to go to when I was a child.Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.3. as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；而在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；而which则不一定。则不一定。I have the same opinion as you (have).Dont read such books as are beyond your ability

20、.4. 先行词前有先行词前有the same, such限定时，关系词只能用限定时，关系词只能用as。He is very strict, as is shown in his work.The man is very learned, as is described in the book.She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹同样的衣服。她穿着跟她妹妹同样的衣服。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着那件她参加玛丽婚礼所穿的衣服。

21、她穿着那件她参加玛丽婚礼所穿的衣服。(同一件同一件)当先行词受当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用修饰时，有时也用 that引导定语从句，但与引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。引导的定语从句意思有区别。(另外一件另外一件)5. 主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往用主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往用which。Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.1. 查理查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 Charle

22、s Smith, _ was my former teacher, retired last year. 2. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。My house, _ I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.whowhich根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。3. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 This novel, _ I have read three times, is very touching. 4. 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。他

23、似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _ greatly upsets me. 5. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 Liquid water changes to vapor, _ is called evaporation (蒸发蒸发). whichwhichwhichGrammar 21. I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.2. The valley is now part of the reservo

24、ir created by the Three Gorges Dam.3. The people living in the village have moved to other places.4. Thats the reason he was late for school.5. Is it the book you find? 6. I will never forget the day we know each other.7. This is the place we find our purses. I met a man _ my grandfather worked with

25、 thirty years ago.2. The valley is now part of the reservoir _ created by the Three Gorges Dam.3. The people _ living in the village have moved to other places.补全句子中省略的关系词。补全句子中省略的关系词。(who)(which was)(who were)go Ready?4. Thats the reason _ he was late for school.5. Is it the book _ you find? 6. I w

26、ill never forget the day _we know each other.7. This is the place _ I find my purse.(why)(that)(when)(where)1. 他正在与之交谈的那个人来自美国。他正在与之交谈的那个人来自美国。 The man (who/that/whom) he is talking with is from the USA. 2. 你希望见的那个教授来了。你希望见的那个教授来了。The professor (that/who/whom) you wish to see has come. 3. 他父亲在他出生那年逝

27、世了。他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 His father died the year (that/when/inwhich) he was born. 汉译英汉译英定语从句中关系词有时可以省略，但定语从句中关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。 定语从句关系词省略的定语从句关系词省略的6 6种情形种情形Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁刚才和你讲话的人是谁? I like the bo

28、ok (that/ which) you bought for me. 我喜欢你买给我的那本书。我喜欢你买给我的那本书。一、关系代词作宾语时的省略一、关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词当关系代词who, whom, which和和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。三、关系代词作宾补时的省略三、关系代词作宾补时的省略二、关系代词作表语时的省略二、关系代词作表语时的省略Im not the mad man (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。我并不是你所认为的那

29、个疯子。当关系代词当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。当关系代词当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。中国已不是过去的中国了。That was the year (when/ that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。就是那一年我第一次出国了。Ill never forget the day (when/that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们

30、见面的那一天。我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。四、关系副词四、关系副词when的省略的省略用作时间状语的关系副词用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成也可换成that)。This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you got somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour?你有没有一个地方

31、可以让我躺一个小时？你有没有一个地方可以让我躺一个小时？五、关系副词五、关系副词where的省略的省略用作地点状语的关系副词用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place,somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成也可换成that)。Thats the reason (why, for which, that) hecame. 这就是他来的原因。这就是他来的原因。Give me one reason (why) we should

32、helpyou. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。关系副词关系副词why通常只用于通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或或for which,均可省略。均可省略。六、关系副词六、关系副词why的省略的省略1. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句2. 定语从句的缩略形式定语从句的缩略形式注注: word : word 文档文档点击此处链接点击此处链接Individual activity1. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever

33、met before. (2009 全国全国I) A. them B. who C. whom D. these2. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (2010 全国全国I) A. which B. where C. what D. that 3. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after

34、hard work. (2010 江苏江苏) A. that B. it C. what D. which 4. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010 四川四川) A. that B. which C. when D. where5. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a b

35、etter life in the city. (2010 浙江浙江) A. whom B. which C. them D. those6. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (2011 四川四川) A. which B. whose C. when D. where7. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. (2011 湖南湖南) A. who B. whom

36、 C. which D. that 8. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. (2011 安徽安徽) A. when B. which C. where D. while9. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (2012 全国全国II) A. that B. which C. what D. when10. When

37、deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. (2012 北京北京) A. that B. which C. where D. when 11. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. (2012 福建福建) A. thatB. it C. asD. what12. It is the third time that sh

38、e has won the race, _ has surprised us all. (2012 陕西陕西) A. that B. where C. whichD. what13. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. (2013安徽安徽) A. it B. that C. what D. which14. We have launched another man-made satellite,

39、 is announced in todays newspaper. (2013天津天津) A. that B. which C. who D. what15. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me. (2014北京北京) A. who B. which C. when D. where16. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected. (2014四川四川) A. that B. which C. who D. it17. I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up t