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1、九种基本时态般现在时概念：表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和always, often, sometimes, every day等表示时间的状语连用。如：1) I go to school every day.我每天都去学校。(表经常)2) He is always like that.他总是那样。(表状态)构成：1) 主语 +be (am/ are/ is) + 2)主语+实义动词+二一般过去时概念：1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week, in 1998, two days ago 等。如：I went

2、 to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。2)也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：He always went to work by bike last week.构成：1) 主语+be (was/ were) + 2)主语+实义动词过去式+三现在进行时概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：He is singing.They are watching TV now.构成：主语+助动词be (am/ are/ is)+动词-ing形式构成。四过去进行时概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外，一般用时间状语

3、来表示。如：1) -What were you doing ?-1 was jumping.2) -What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?-He was sleeping.构成：主语+助动词be （was/ were） +动词-ing形式构成。五一股将来时概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如： tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future如：He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going

4、 to play basketball next week.构成：1）主语+助动词will+动词原形+2）主语+be going to+动词原形+六过去将来时概念：表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。构成：1）主语（第一人称）+助动词should+动词原形+2）主语+would+动词原形+3) 主语 +was/were going to + 动词原形 +用法：过去将来时除了上下文暗示外，一般常用在间接引语中，主句谓语动词为过去时 态。如：1） I should go.2） You knew I would come.3） They were going to Naning.七现在完

5、成时构成：主语+助动词（have/has） +动词过去分词+用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have you had your lunch yet ?Yes, I have.现在我不饿了。）八现在完成进行时概念：表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能是刚刚开始，也可能 仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。构成：主语+助动词（have/has） + been + 动词-ing+ 如：1） I have been sitting here for an hour.2） She has been collecting stamps for about 6 year

6、s.九过去完成时构成：主语+助动词had +动词过去分词+用法：表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发 生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用 by, before等构成的短语，也可用 when, before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。如：I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.三大从句一宾语从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。例如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.他说长大后想当一名老师。宾语从

7、句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that,、if/whether （是否）、特殊疑问词。宾语从句的语序：A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）。例如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否能来。B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。例如： She asked me who had helped him.她问我谁帮助了他。 宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可：”主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一 般现”A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选 一种。例如： He t

8、ells me he studied English in England last year.他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的 时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时。例如：He told me that he liked playing football.他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。C.客观真理一般现：客观真理永远用一般现在时。例如：He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。二状语从句1 .时间状语从句：在一个句子中

9、作时间状语的句子。时间状语从句的连接词：when （当 时假，while （当 时候,as （当 时候，after （在 以肩,before （在 以前,as soon as。 就）; since （自从 到现在），till/until （直到 才）；by the time （到 的时候。例如：Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.莫扎特四岁时开始创作音乐。2 .条件状语从句：在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。条件状语从句的连接词：if, unless （除非），as long as （只要）例如：If it doesn &

10、#39; t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨，我们将去远足。注意：在时间和条件状语从句中，一定要符合“主将从现"原则。如上面例句，条件状语If it doesn ' t rain tomorro州一般现在时，主句 we will go hiking 用一般将来时。3 .原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。原因状语从何的连接词：because, since, as, now that例如：I didn ' t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 因为我生病了，所以昨

11、天没去上学。三定语从句定语从句指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。例如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower. （beautiful 是定语）我给我的老师一束漂亮的花。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。例如：I have met a doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.我认识一位第一医院的医生。定语从句的关系词：关系代词： who, which, whom, whose, that关系副词： when, where, why重点句型1. allow sb. to d

12、o sth.允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.2. asked sb. （not） to do sth.叫某人做某事（叫某人不要去做某事）My father asked me to study hard.He asked me not to swim alone.be asked to do sth.被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.3. be afraid to

13、do sth.害怕做某事She is afraid to ask me question.4. be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事I am afraid of going out at night.5. be afraid of sth.害怕某物He is afraid of snales.11. be glad/ happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事She is happy to clean the blackboard with me.Be pleased to do sth.高兴做某事She was pleased to help the old man

14、yesterday.be pleased with sth.对某事感到高兴/满意The teacher was pleased with my answer.12. be interested in sth./doing sth. 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 She is interested in swimming in the river.My brother is interested in Chinese.13. be/ get ready for/ to do sth.be ready for为做某事做好了准备We are ready for the exam.be ready t

15、o do sth.为做某事做好了准备We are ready to have a birthday party for her.get ready for sth.为某事在做准备We are getting ready for the exam.14. be surprised to do sth.对做某事感到惊奇be surprised at sth.对某事感到惊奇This is nothing to be surprised at.I' d be surprised to see him on such an occasion.15. be worth doing sth.值得做某

16、事（worth后接动词-ing形式，常考） It was too remote to be worth thinking about.16. begin to do sth. Begin/start to do/doing sth.开始去做某事When do children begin to go to school?17. can/be able to afford（ to buy） sth.有能力负担（购买）At this rate we won ' t be stblafford a holiday.18. can/may/must do sth.could/would/should/might do sth.We may come at anoth