冠词讲义-高中版

1、第二讲：冠词冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明 名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词(the Definite Article ),另一 种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article ),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article )。不定冠词a (an)与数词one同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前, 般读作e,而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做en。一.不定冠词 （元音发音用an, 辅音发音用a）useful book university MP5 hour umbrellaunusual experience

2、There is h" in the word honesty”.使用情况例子第一次提到的人或事物There is a new handbag on the desk. I bought the handbag yesterday.一的概念，相及丁 one.A hundred people are invited to the party.There is going to be an English lecture this evening.It is a foot long, an inch thick.泛指同类中的某一(人/物)A Mr. Smith came to see y

3、ou while you were away.I remember he came here on a Saturday and left soon.一类，表示类别A doctor is a person who saves people lives.A horse is a useful animal.表频度，译为“每一”相当丁 per/ every/ each时间、速度、价格等词之前We have ten English lessons a week.A spaceship flies about 11 kilometers a second.These envelopes are two

4、 yuan a dozen.序数词前，“又一，再一”most 前,most=veryYou must try a second time.Suzhou is a most beautiful city in China.“一杯、一份、一场”等数 量概念，用于物质名词前A heavy rain fell this morning in this small town.I would like a coffee and two beers.一个具体的人或物，用于抽象名词前Studying with you is a great pleasure.As a teacher, his father i

5、s a success, but as a poet, he is a failure.表某一方面、某F分等特She has a good knowledge of English and computer.殊含义，用于不可数名词前He has had a good education.动作意义的名词前have a walk/ look/ break/ try/ bath/ swimhave a cold/ cough/ fever/ headache/ painhave a good/ happy timetake a rest/ walk/ break/ bath/ trygive a s

6、mile/ laugh/ shoutmake an effort to domake a choice/ decision/ plan/ face / mistake/ promise/ speech/ living固定搭配as a rule作为常规as a result结果in a word 总之at a loss不知所措all of a sudden突然 in a hurry匆忙地in a way 从某种思义上说once in a while 时而a moment ago 刚才as a matter of fact 事实上after a while 一会儿后at a high speed以

7、很高的速度in a moment 立亥 Uonce upon a time 从前.定冠词使用情况例子特指的人或事物He likes the football that you bought for him yesterday.Hu Jintao attended the ceremony marking the 10th anniversary ofMacao s return to the motherland on December 20, 2009.说话双方都知道的或上文 （第二次）提到的人或物Do you know the woman standing under the tree.I

8、 read a story yesterday. The story was very interesting.独一无二的事物Man is now studying and using the sun.the moonthe skythe earththe universe爽 a full moona red sun单数名词前，表亡类人或物The horse is a useful animal.I wonder who invented the computer.adj./ adv最局级或序数词前Physics is the most difficult and English is the

9、 easiest, in my opinion.My deskmate is always the first to come and the last to leave.西洋乐器、方位、姓氏复数的名词前play the piano/ violin/ guitar 注意： 二Uh play erhu.in the east/ west/ south/ northon the left/ rightin the centerThe Smiths are eating dinner.动词+ sb. +介词+ the +身体部位The policeman caught the thief by th

10、e arm.hit sb. in the facepat sb. on the shoulder lead sb. by the handcatch sb. by the arm take sb. by the arm人名或地名前，表小特aE含义The Smith you're looking for no longer lives here.The Tibet of today is not what it was 20 years ago.形容词或分词前，表十类 人或物，相当于一个名词The young should respect the old.The injured were

11、 saved after the fire.by+ the +计里:单位名词I pay the rent by the month.Eggs are usually sold by the dozen.by the pound/ foot/ yard/ inchby the hour/ day/ week/ month/ yearby the thousand江河湖海、群山、群岛、沙漠、海湾the Yangtze Riverthe Yellow Riverthe Pacific Oceanthe West Lakethe Rocky Mountainsthe Philippinesthe Sa

12、harathe Gulf of Mexico普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前the Peoples R epublic of Chinathe United Nationsthe Great Wallthe New York Times年代、朝代、时代名词前in the 1970sthe Tang Dynasty the Spring and Autumn Period某些报纸/杂志/会议/条约the Timesthe Nanjing Treatythe 17th Party Congress固定搭配all the same完全一样in the habit of 有的习惯in the hope

13、 of 中看 的布望by the way 顺便说一下at the sight of 看见make the best of充分利J用in the way挡路，妨碍with the help of 在一的帮助下to tell the truth 说实话on the air 在广播中on the whole 总体来说in the long run从长远来看on the contrary 相反out of the question 不 可 能to the point 切题under the leadership of在的 领导下比较结构：“越就越”“两者中较的一个”The more careful y

14、ou are, the fewer mistakes yo ilil make.The older of the two policemen was praised at the meeting.零冠词使用情况例子/、口数名词前Money is not everything.复数名词表示泛指/类别Teachers should be patient with their students.Horses are useful animals.物质名词、抽象名词前Water is necessary to our health.I wish you good luck in the coming

15、exams.人名、地名、城巾名、国名、街道、独山独岛Do you know Philip has lived in China for years?My friends from Qingdao are going to climb Mount Tai next week.Mount O MeiChristmas Island季节、月份、星期、节假日派中国传统节日前+ the实 具体地点时间前+thespring summer autumn winterMonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday SundayJanuary Februar

16、y March April May June July August September October November December Teachers Day Thanksgiving Day Children s Day the Spring Festivalthe Mid-Autumn Festivalthe spring of Beijingin the summer of 2010学科、谛言、三餐、球类和可I enjoy French, history and math.play basketball/ football/ volleyball/ tenniseat break

17、fast/ lunch/ supperhave a quick/ nice lunchplay chess表示职位，头衔，称呼的名 词在句中作表语、同位语、 补语、呼语Mr. Green, head of the group , will plan for the whole trip.Doctor, I m not feeling myself today.We chose Jasorcaptain of the football team.X上述名词作主语或宾语时要加冠词The president of the island country is a middle-aged woman.m

18、an/ mankind （人 类），word（消息）用零冠词Man can change nature while other animals caitiWord has come that we all passed the exam固定搭配keep in mind 记住leave school 毕业make sense 后意义lose heart 丧失彳百take shape 成形ask for advice 征 见lose weight 减月巴take office 就职catch sight of 看见，发现come back to life 复活，苏醒come into power

19、掌权，执政have difficulty/problems/trouble (in) doing sth.短语中有定冠词和无定冠词的区别l.sit at table 吃饭1.1 n possession of 拥有3 .be of age 成年4 .take advice征求意见5 .be in charge of 负责6 .by day 在白天1.1 n sight of 能看见8 .by sea 乘船9 .He is still in office 他仍然在执政10.It is out of question那是毫无疑问的11.a third time 又一次12.in hospital

20、生病住院13.on earth 究竟14. for a moment 一会儿15. two of us我们当中的两个16. take place 发生17. in open 公开sit at the table 在桌旁in the possession of 为所有be of an age 同龄take the advice 听从劝告be in the charge of 由 负责by the day按日计算in the sight of 据一 的见解by the sea 在海边He is still in the office他仍然在办公室里It is out of the question

21、那根本是不可的 the third time 第三次in the hospital 在医院里on the earth 在地球上for the moment 目前，暂时18. on watch 值班19. in future从今以后20. in place of 代替the two of us我们两个人(记住这里指总共有两个人)take the place of 代替in the open air 在户外on the watch 留神in the future 将来in the place of在一的地方综合练习1. His grandparents were born in _Qing Dyn

22、asty, while he was born in 1920s.A. the, aB. /, theC. the, the D. the, /2. Dalian is _most beautiful tourist city and I believe I ll come for _second time.A. the, aB. a, aC.the, the D. a, the3. In the United States, Fathe rs Day falls on third Sunday in June.A. the, /B. a, the C. the, the D. /, the4

23、. Peter likes playing _basketball, but he doesn t like basketball I bought forhim on his birthday. A. the, the B./, /C. /, the D. the, /5. I like _color of your skirt. It is good match for your shoes.A. a, theB. a, aC. the, aD. the, the6. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in leg.A. aB. his

24、C. oneD. the7. David comes from European country and he is honest boy.A. a, anB. an, aC. the, anD. an, an8. Mike was electedchairman of the student sunion and it was _honor for him.A. a, anB. the, aC. the, anD. /, an9. _ came that Mary had _with Tom and both of them were very angry.A. A word, a word

25、 B. The word, a word C. Words, words D. word, words10. Reading is good habit. Stick to it, and you ll makeprogress.A. a, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, /11. Hiking is great fun. You will get close to nature and take exercises.A. a, theB. /, /C. /, theD. the, /12. Is there Miss Smith in the office? Here is p

26、ackage for her.A. a, aB. /, aC. /, theD. a, the13. Sue could play _ piano at the age of four.A. theB. /C. aD. an14. If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sureyou get fast one.A. the, the B. /, aC. the, aD. /, /15. Hu Jintao, _Chairman of China attended ceremony marki

27、ng the 10thanniversary of Macao s return to the motherland on December 20, 2009.A. the, the B. the, aC. /, theD. /, a16. Although he was in _ trouble, the great man would never lose _ heart.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /易错题1. Since tasting the excitement of big city life, she never wants to li

28、ve in country again.A. the, the B. 不填，不填C. the, 不填 D. 不填， the2. The operation is success and the patient is now out of danger.A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填 , the D. 不填，不填3. As writer, he was complete failure.A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls .A. on th

29、e Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday5. This is best kind of pen you can get here.A. the, the B. the, a C. the, 不填 D. a, the6. As is known to us all, tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填 , the7. He spent too much time talking on _ phone while we we

30、re all busy at work.A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填 C. 不填 , 不填 D. the, the8. As unemployment is very high at the moment, it s very difficult for peopleto find work.A. the,不填B.不填，不填C. the, a D. an, the9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per monthfor bedroom apartment.A. one

31、 a B. the one C. one D. a one10. The education of young is always hot and serious topic.A. 不填 , 不填 B. the, a C. 不填 , the D. the, 不填11. I often have conversations with John over telephone, while keep in touchwith Tom by letter.A.不填；the B.不填；a C. the；不填 D. the; a12. John has put forward most challengi

32、ng question for us to answer. Yes, it really is. I have never heard harder one.A. the; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the; the D. a; a13. “What about school? ”“ It is as good, as anybody can see, school asNo 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the14. The marke

33、t for _ used computers is getting larger and larger asyears go on.A. 不填 , 不填 B. the, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填 , the15. “Charley Oakley, NBA A-llstar, hasn t missed game in the pastthree years. ”“ I can hardly believe it. ”A. an; theB. a; the C. the; a D. an; a16. In the market, vegetables are sold by ki

34、logram, I mean, byweight.A. the;不填 B.不填；不填 C. the; the D.不填；the17. Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.A. the, an B. a, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填 , the18. The cakes are delicious. I d like to have third one as second oneI ate was too small. A. the, the B. a,

35、 the C. the, a D. a, a19. England of those years was England in peace.A. 不填 , 不填 B. The, an C. The, 不填D. 不填 , an20. Did you happen to see black and white cat? Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the1. 选 D ， big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠词； country 表示 “农村 ”时，其前习惯上要用 定冠词。2. 选 B， success 在此指 “成功的事 ” ，为可数名词； out of danger （脱离危险）为习语， 其中不用冠词。3. 选A ，其中的failure 在此指 “失败的人 ” ，为可数名词。4. 选 B ， Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示 “某一个 ” 。5. 选 C， kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。6. 选B,当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；另外 in danger of是短语， 不用冠词。7. 选 A。 on the phone 和 at work 均