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1、最新Word专题H一 P字部(一)1. pardonEEEBn.原谅,宽恕,对不起v.原谅,宽恕 一面因岫用法:Q pardon作名词,常见搭配为 ask/beg one s pardon (for sth.)请求某人原谅(某事)。例如:He asked her pardon for having cheated her.他欺骗了她,向她请求原谅。(2 pardon作动词,常用于 pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人(做)某事:He could never pardon her for the things she had said.他永远不会原谅她说的话。(3 口语中
2、常用pardon me表示一种礼貌用语,意为“对不起;劳驾”,或请求别人重复:Oh, pardon me, I didn t mean to disturb you. 噢,对不起,我不是有意要打扰你。 口语中常常直接用 Pardon ?做语气词,表示“请再说一遍(没听清,希望对方重复):Hurry up Jonathan! ;Pardon?I said hurry up! 快点,乔纳森!你说什么啊?我说快点!”工工61(2019,湖北卷,单项选择)35. The game is too hard for me. I will certainly lose. You should never s
3、ay no before you try.A. Forget it! B. Come on! C. I m sorry. D.Pardon me?2. park|二CI , n.公园;v.停放(汽车等)I TMG关联词组: forest park 森林公园; amusement park 游乐园; city park 城市公园熟词僻义:park还可作动词,表示“停放(汽车等)”,可接宾语,也可不接宾语:I couldn t find anywhere to park.我找不到地方停车。She parked the car on the drive.她把车停在了私人车道上。词性转换:parkin
4、g n. 停车,泊车:No Parking 禁止泊车;parking space/lot停车位/场(2019,山东卷,词汇运用)47. There is a big park( 在旁边)the supermarket. I prefer to take a walk there.3. partEZDn.部分;成分;角色;部件,零件/j飕腐用法: 表示“部分”,通常和 of搭配:In parts of Canada, French is the first language.在加拿大的部分地区,法语是第一语言。表示“(机器,设备的)零件,部件”,常见词组:spare parts 备用零件C3表示
5、“参与,参加;角色”,常见搭配有take part (in) 参加;play an important part in 在中约有40名学生参加了活动。 工作在我们的生活中很重要。起重要作用:About 40 students took part in the activity.Work plays an important part in our life.词性转换:partly adv. 部分的;在一定程度上;partial adj. 局部的;partially adv.部分地;偏袒I(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)9.- Could you tell me-You will stay wit
6、h an English family and take A. when I should pay for the course C. how long the shortest course lasts 4. passpart in their daily life.B. what the best part of the course isD. where I can go sightseeing after classv.传,递;经过;通过用法:sth. to sb.把某物(传)递给某人;pass around分发,传阅;能把你脚边的那个包递给我吗?。表示 “传递,给; pass sb.
7、 sth尸pass例如:Can you pass me that bag by your feet?表示“经过,越过”,既是及物也是不及物动词:He gave me a smile as he passed.他经过时对我微笑了一下。(3表示“穿过,前行”,不及物动词,通常接副词或介词短语作状语;例如:We passed through the gates into a house behind.我们穿过几道门进了 后面的房子。表示“通过(考试),考试及格”,既是及物也是不及物动词:Did you pass all your exams?你考试都及格了 吗?词性转换:passage n.走廊,通
8、道;一段(文章); passenger n.乘客,旅客反义词:fail v. 考试不及格;失败工工劭passed immediately to the host.(2019,山东卷,完形) After greetings, the gift should be 5. pay|出蹙及v.付钱,给报酬: 雷词形变化:过去式 paid ,过去分词paid关联词组:pay back偿还;报复;pay off付清,还清;取得成功,奏效 用法:表示“付款,付钱给,支付”、“偿还,缴纳”,“付酬”等含义;pay的宾语可以是支付的对象,或支付的数目;不要在 pay后面直接跟你要买的东西,要用 pay for
9、sth.的形式,其中pay后可以跟一定数量的钱。例如:I ll pay you in advance.我会预先付款给你。I paid 100 for this jacket. 我花了 100英镑买这件夹克衫。2 固定搭配 pay attention (to sb./sth.) 表示“注意”:I m sorry, I wasn t paying attention to what you were saying.对不起, 我没有仔细听你说的话。词性转换:payment n.付款,支付;报酬I工卯鼎(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)9.- Could you tell me?-You will sta
10、y with an English family and take part in their daily life.A. when I should pay for the course B. what the best part of the course isC. how long the shortest course lastsD. where I can go sightseeing after class6 .peacen.和平关联词组:world peace 世界和平;peace of mind 内心的宁静;make peace with 与讲和;言归于好用法:peace为不可
11、数名词,主要有两层含义:表示“和平,太平”,相对战争而言:war and peace 战争与和平;peace talks 和平谈判2表示“平静,安静,宁静”,相对吵闹、聒噪而言:He just wants to be left in peace.他只希望别打扰他。词性转换:peaceful adj.和平的;爱好和平的; peacefully adv. 平静地;工少齿1(2019, 浙江卷,阅读 C) But the peace ended the day the British mans pig decided to eat some ofan American farmers potatoe
12、s.7 . percent|工疣r n.百分之用法:常放在数字后面,表示“百分之几”,可用符号%!示:a 10 percent (10%) increase in house prices 10%的房价上涨2固定短语a/one hundred percent 表示“百分之百地,完全地”,相当于 completely :I agree with you a hundred percent.我百分之百同意你的看法。关联单词: percentage n.百分比, 百分数:The percentage of school leavers that go to universityis about fi
13、ve percent.中学毕业生上大学的比例约为5%工工牙石,(2019,山东卷,单项填空)20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars,34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. althoughB. becauseC. if8. periodHZDn.一段时间,时期;时代 用法:表示“一段时间,时期”,指时间长度,常和介词 of连用。例如:His playing improved
14、 in a very short period of time.他的演奏技巧在很短时间内就有了 提高。2表示“时代,时期”,指历史或生活时期。例如:Van Gogh s early period 凡高的早期生涯词性转换:periodic(al) adj. 周期的,定期的;periodically adv.定期地;周期性地;偶尔工工扇(2019,山东卷,阅读 A) Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失),because of listening to loud noise for longperiods of
15、time.9. person|心例助n人 关联词组:in person 亲自;contact person 联系人用法:person为可数名词,一个人为one/a person,不能用people ;表示多个人时,其复数一般会使用 people , persons 也正确,但往往用于较正式的语体:Hes a fascinating person.他是个魅力十足的人。This car is allowed to carry 4 persons.止匕车准乘 4人。person 、 human和 people 的区另U:human具有总称概念,带有“人类”这层含义; person强调单个的人,如“这
16、个人”、“那个人; people多用来指“人民;群众”,或者作为person的复数形式,表示很多人或人群。词性转换:personal adj. 个人的,私人的;personally adv. 亲自;个别地;就自己而言工工后1(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)9. I wonder . Someone who can make me a better person .A. when you often meet your friendsB. how you make your friends happyC. who you want to make friends withD. where you
17、spend weekends with friends10. physics| E;疣1n.物理(学)用法:physics这个单词虽以-s结尾,但其本身为不可数名词。例如: a degree in physics物理学学位;the laws of physics物理定律词性转换:physical adj.身体的;物质的;物理的:physical examination 体格检查;physical world物质世界;physical process物理过程;physically adv. 身体上(地)工工劭(2019,山东卷,阅读 B) Do you want to improve your
18、physics and chemistry grades? Well, maybe you should first learn something about the struggles (奋斗)of great scientists.11. pickI E;?二v.拾起;采集;挑选关联词组:pick up捡起;收拾;接电话;接某人; pick out挑选出 用法:pick主要有两层含义:表示采,摘:pick flowers/grapes 采花/摘葡萄表示“选择,挑选”,常用搭配有 pick sb./sth. for sth. ; pick sb. to do sth. 等: I wasn
19、t picked for the football team.我没被选进足球队。词性转换:picky adj. 挑剔的,吹毛求疵的 同义词:choose v. 选择工工后1(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)8. - Linda, Dad has finished his work and we to the gym topick you up.-Thank you, Mum.A. driveB. droveC. have drivenD. are driving12. piece |后百/n 块(片,张,件) 用法:dpiece可用作“量词”,表示“一个,一片,一块,一件,一张”等,通常用于不可数
20、名词的计量:Pass me another piece of paper.再给我张纸。You should eat three pieces of fruit a day.你应该每天吃三个水果。(2piece表示“片,块,段,截”等,此时相当于part ,强调与整体相对。例如:He broke off a piece of bread and gave it her.他掰下一块面包递给她。(3 piece还可表示“碎片,切片“,常用于 in pieces 短语。例如:The china dish lay in pieces on the floor.瓷盘碎片散落在地上。(2019,北京卷,短文
21、阅读) Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands.13. pity庇EE和.怜悯,同情;遗憾用法:同情某人。例如:。表示“同情,怜悯“,后常接 forsb./sth. ; take/have pity on sb.He looked exhausted, but Mary felt no pity for him.他看上去疲惫不堪,但玛丽一点也不同情他。请你可怜可怜他吧。表示“遗憾,可惜”,常用搭配有 Its a pity that you cant stay longer.Ive lost it!-Oh, what a pity.It
22、seems a pity to waste this food.I beg you to have pity on him.a pity (that) , what a pity , a pity do sth. 等。例如: 你不能再多停留些时间,真是遗憾。“我把东西弄丢了!” “哎呀,真可惜。”浪费这些食物真可惜。词性转换:pitiful adj.可怜的,令人同情的;pitifully adv.科联地,令人怜悯地 同义词:shame n.遗憾,可惜;羞耻I工区石2 2019 ,湖南卷,情景交际)B: What a pity ! Given more time, you could visit
23、 more places of interest. Howabout the food there?14. pleasure用器图n.高兴,愉快用法:作不可数名词,表示“愉快,快乐;满足”,常见搭配有with pleasure 高兴,乐意;for pleasure 为了取乐;take pleasure in (doing sth.) 等。例如:to read for pleasure 读书以自娱He takes no pleasure in his work.他从他的工作中得不到丝毫乐趣。2作可数名词,表示“乐事,快事”,常用 it s a pleasure 的短语:Its a pleasur
24、e to meet you.彳艮高兴认识你。C3 口语中,常用It s a pleasure , my pleasure , with pleasure等表示一种礼貌回答,意思相当于“不客气”、“很乐意”。例如:Thanks for doing that.-Its a pleasure.这事真劳您大驾了。“不客气。”词性转换:pleasant adj.令人愉快的;友好和善的;please v.使人高兴,使人满意:I did it to please my parents.我这么做是要让父母高兴。近义词:joy/enjoyment/fun n. 高兴,愉快|工少金(2019,山东卷,单项填空)1
25、. 一 Lucy, how about going to the ? Sounds great! Reading books can give us much pleasure .A. libraryB. cinemaC. museum D. concert15. pointv.指(向);n.点;分数;观点动词词组:point out 指出,指明;point at 指向名词词组:point of view 观点;starting/key/turning point出发/关键/转折点;to the point 简洁中肯的动词用法:point表示“(用手或物体)指,指向”;也可表示“朝向”,后常接
26、副词或介词短语作状语。她指着我这个方向。例如:时钟的指针指向一点一刻。She pointed her finger in my direction.The hands of the clock pointed to a quarter past one.名词用法:表示“观点,论点”,可与介词about搭配。例如:I agree with John s point about keeping the costs down.我同意约翰关于维持彳氐成本的观点。2表示“点”,可指地理上的“地点,位置”,也可指时间上的“时刻,阶段”。例如:No cars are allowed beyond this
27、point.车辆不得越过止匕处。At this point we should start to do something more meaningful.现在我们应该开始做些更有意义的事。表示“(比赛,运动的)分数,得分”:He is three points behind the leader.他落后领先者三分。point(某人)做某事是有礼貌的。工工手石,(2019,北京卷,完形) His speech was short, but all to the16. politeWLTadj.有礼貌的,有教养的用法:polite 可作表语,也可作定语;it is polite (of sb.)
28、 to do sth.例如:We left the party as soon as it was polite to do so.我们在不失礼节的情况下尽早离开了聚会。词性转换:politely adv.礼貌地,客气地;politeness n. 礼貌反义词:impolite adj.不礼貌的工上不齿1(2019,山东卷,完形) Whenthe guests are to leave, the host may still politely ask them to stay.17. popularE;年gadj.受欢迎的;(音乐,艺术等)大众化的,通俗的用法: 表示“受大众喜爱的,受欢迎的“
29、,常与介词 with/among连用。例如:Chocolate is always popular with children.巧克力总是受小孩子喜爱。表示“(音乐,艺术等)通俗的,大众化的“,例如 pop music=popular music 流行音乐词性转换:popularity n. 普及,流行;名气;受欢迎反义词:unpopular adj.不受欢迎的,不得人心的工工劭(2019,山东卷,单项填空)29. Peppa Pig (小猪佩奇 )is a British cartoon has been popular in China and is muchloved by little
30、 children and their parents.A. whoB. whichC. /18. populationSJ . n.人口.人数关联词组:the world s population 世界人口; population size人口规模;population growth 人口增用法:0population 表示“人口”,即某地区所生活的人的数量,常接介词of。例如:India has a population of more than one billion.E吸有超过 10 亿人 口。(2population 表示“(某一地区的)全体居民”。例如:South Florida
31、has a large Jewish population.南佛罗里达有很多犹太人。词性转换:populous adj. 人口稠密的;populate v. 居住于(2019 年,山东卷,阅读表达) The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling.19. positionI E好1n.位置;姿势关联词组:in position 就位;social position社会地位用法:dposition 表示“姿态,姿势”,比如 sitting/standing position坐着/站着的姿势:Lie in a comfortable positio
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