北京2020届高考适应性测试英语含答案

1、北京市2020届高考适应性测试英语第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AMrs.Baileywasimportantintheeducationaljourneythatcarriedmethroughschoolandintomyprofession.UntilIjoinedherclass,Ihadntbelievedinmyabilityasawriter.She_l(persuade)metojointhepo

2、etrysocietyandlitinmeafireforliterature.Sherecognised_2(I)potentialandshowedmethatIcouldwritewithcreativityandenthusiasm.Becauseotheconfidencesheinspiredinme,Ive3c(srvecbosi)taprofessionasajournalist.BSomeuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign4theycelebratedtheirwholedaywithoutcellphones.Thismovewast

3、oimprovetheirrelationshipswiththeirnearanddearonesandtokeepthemawayfromthevirtual虚拟的)life._5(study)indicatethatamajorityofyoungpeopleusedtheirphonesduringlessons,overfamilymealsorevenatthecinema.Theproblemofphoneaddiction(成瘾 )hasbeenobservedsinceafewyearsago,withexpertsandpsychologists_6_(try)toincr

4、easeawarenessaboutthisproblem.CThetigershark7(consider)tobeoneofthemostdangeroussharksintheworld.Whyaretigersharkssodangerous?First,theyliketolive8waterswherehumansusuallyswim,sothechancesofanencounter(遭遇)aremuchgreater.Second,tigersharksaresostrongandaggressivethattheycan9(easy)hitaperson.Andthird,

5、tigersharkshaveteethperfectly10(design)forcuttingtheirfood,soitiscertainthatthedamagew川bedisastrous.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Afelwasonlyaverysmallboywhenhefirstsawsnowinapicturebook.Ithadlotsofpicturesofchildren11inbigwhitefields.Heasked,“Mum,what

6、arethosewhitefields?Hismotherlaughed,“Thatsnow,andtheyaremakingasnowman!”Shetriedto12whatsnowwas.Afeldidntreally13becausetherewasnorealsnowwherehelived.Butheshowedgreat14Onedaywhenhewas12,AfelwaswatchingaprogrammeonTVathisuncleshouse.Theprogrammewasfullofsnow.Andnotonlysnow-therewerepeople15acrossth

7、esnow.Theylookedlikefantasticbirds.Theyhadhatscoveringalltheirheadsandbiggogglesovertheireyes.Andontheirfeet,theyhad16shoes.“Whatarethose?heaskedhisuncle17.“Skis,repliedhisuncle.Andthosepeoplearecalledskiers.Atthatmoment,hobeaskier.Heaskedhisunclewhattheprogrammewas.TheWinterOlympics,“saidlhsthecle.

8、“ItnormalOlympics,butfor19whereyouneedsnowskijumping,bobsleigh（长橇），thosesortsofthings.They_20iteveryfouryears.”AfelfoundoutthatthenextWinterOlympicswouldbeinBeijing,in2022.“Perfect,“hethought._2TIononugltobecomeabrilliantskier.”“Buttheresnosnowhere!”peopletoldhim.“Whereareyougoingtoski?22them.Hemade

9、himselfapairofskisfromtwopiecesofwood.Hetiedthemtohisfeetandpractisedskiing23twosticksinhishands.Hepractisedagainandagainuntilhecould24quitequicklyacrossthesand.He25toflydownthehillslikethepeopleonTV,buthecouldnt.“Nevermind,hethought.a26s“HowwillyougototheOlympics?”peopleaskedhim.“Ourcountrydoesn27h

10、aveateamthatgoestotheWinterOlympics.WehavegoodrunnersandwinlotsofmedalsattheOlympics.Butnoskiing,no.28.AfeldidntSoeverynight,outinthemiddleofthedesert,Afelnowpractisesskiingdownsandhills.He29thattheyellowsandandbrownearthareasgoldasthemedalhewillbringhomewithhim,whenheisthe30.11.A.drawingB.playingC.

11、dancingD.hiking12.A.、announceB.stressC.concludeD.explain13.A.1mindB.respondC.understandD.regret14.A.iinterestB.concernC.patienceD.confidence15.A.、walkingB.ridingC.runningD.flying16.A.：strongB.strangeC.fashionableD.comfortable17.A.|politelyB.hopefullyC.excitedlyD.nervously18.A.|promisedB.claimedC.agr

12、eedD.decided19.A.|projectsB.fieldsC.sportsD.courses20.A.gainB.haveC.acceptD.mark21.A.1timeB.energyC.experienceD.determination22.A.iavoidedB.ignoredC.correctedD.criticized23.A.|pushingB.pullingC.holdingD.waving24.A.irollB.marchC.jumpD.move25.A.ineededBpreparedCpretendedD.attempted26.A.：startB.chanceC

13、solutionD.strategy27.A.evenB.oftenC.shortlyD.finally28.A.irefuseB.inquireC.careD.complain29.A.dreamsB.predictsC.assumesDrealizes30.A.iauthorityB.championC.geniusD.celebrity第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IAIfyourelookingtobuya蝉yourchildren,whynotke

14、epupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?WhatisaHoverboard?Ahoverboardisatwo-wheeledpersonaltransportationdevice.Itelectrical,portableandbecamehighlypopularin2015inreferencetoapopular1980movie.Typically,thisself-balancingdeviceoperateslikeapoweredskateboard.hoverboardHowDoesaHoverboardWork?Thedevicem

15、ayhavemanydesigns,butthemechanismitselfisntcomplicated.Basically,astandardhoverboardcontains:?Battery:storestheelectricalpower.Almostallhoverboardsuseahigh-wattlithium-ionbattery.?Gyroscope(oneforeachwheel):allowsriderstotilt(倾斜)thehoverboardwhilemaintainingbalanceandadjustingtheirdirection.?Motor(o

16、neineachwheel):providesthepowertothewheelstokeeptheriderbalancedandupright.?Logicboard:functionsasthehoverboardbrain.Itprocessesdata-yourspeed,tilt,etc.andsendsinformationtothemotors.Thisunitcontrolsthepoweroftheboardsoriderscanadjusttheirspeed.Alltheabovecomponentsworktogethertocontrolthepowerandti

17、ltofthehoverboardssotheriderisbalanced,uprightandmovingatacontrolledspeed.WhyBuyaHoverboard?Undoubtedly,hoverboardsarecool.Youveprobablyseenkotseraiiogndthehouse.Theyreaphenomenonandeverybodywantsin.So,whydenyyourkidsandpreventthemfrombeingpartofthistrend?Whereisahoverboardlegal?Despitetheirwildpopu

18、larity,hoverboardshaveyettobecome“streefegal”.Currently,someplacesprohibitanyoneunder16fromusingthesedevices,andhoverboardsarebannedinacademicinstitutionsandpublicplaces,likecampusbuildings,parks,shoppingmallsandsubwaystations.Someplaceshavealsoputspeedlimitsonthedevicesandrestrictedtheirusetobikepa

19、ths.However,openareasincludingyouryardarefreeoftheserestrictions.31.Thelogicboardofahoverboardcan.A.storeelectricityB.powerthewheelsC.sendinformationtotheridersD.receivedataandgivecommand32.Accordingtothepassage,ahoverboardcanbeused.A.oncampusB.inparksC.onbikepathsD.inshoppingmalls33.Whatisthemainpu

20、rposeofthispassage?A.Toevaluateagiftquality.B.Torecommendagiftchoice.C.Tocomparenewhoverboardmodels.D.Toclarifyfunctionsofthelatesthoverboards.BGrowingup,DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.wasablackgirl,fromarefugee（难民）family,“Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredetermine

21、dbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield,Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiegosCityHeightsneig

22、hbourhood,DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDekassuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground,shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupport

23、thewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetooneltfe.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidndomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily,“Dekasaid.tonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthanev

24、eryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Dekaseffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.She)roughtbothenthusiasmandfocus,Botham,aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,rea

25、dytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.DontellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthissurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.34.Fr

26、omthepassage,wecanlearnthat.A. DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB. DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC. DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD. Dekaexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard35.Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation.A.fromhermotherexperienceB.afterherchemistryclassE. byreadingbooksinthelibraryD.throughwo

27、rkingattheinstitute36.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe.A. patientB.confidentC.ambitiousD.generous37.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisnotallroses.B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Wellbegunishalfdone.D.Hardworkleadstosuccess.CAgroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoul

28、der,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhapstheyrenotdferent.Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatthevulturineguineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsoci

29、alstructuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.TheymayfighteacprogrammeistoocompetitiveorIllneverthstschool,“shesaid.“Iwasnothothertomaintaintheirstricthier

30、archies等级制度），butatothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-b

31、luebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups

32、.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbirdstinybrainsize:Theydontonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals（哺孚L动物），theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,hesaid.Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthe

33、socialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupitlookingatnoneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsoletanimalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengestheyrfecing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarea

34、round,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.“Havingsmultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargerain,Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocietiesasmany-leveledasourown.38.Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryout

35、theudy?A.Theguineafowlsocialbehaviour.B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.C.Hisinterestinanimalbrainpower.D.Thefaultsinearlierresearch.39.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects.B.Theresearchmethods.C.Theresearchfindings.D.Theresearchequipment.40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Complexsocials

36、ystemscanbeadisadvantagetotheguineafowl.B.Theguineafowlaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.C.Birdsmaintainsocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.41.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topresentthefindingsofastudyoftheguineafowl.B.Toexplaintheinter

37、actionpatternsinmultilevelsocieties.C.Tointroduceanewapproachtoobservingtheguineafowl.D.Touncovercluesabouthowcomplexsocietiesareformed.DForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindings

38、ofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings.Stressingsuccessesisnwrong,butformanypeopleitnotpersuasive.Analternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience?isthatscientistsusetheso-calledscientificmethod.Ifyouvegotahighschool

39、sciencetextbooklyingaround,youllprobablyfindthatanswerinit.Butwhatistypicallythoughttobethescientificmethoddevelopahypothesis（假设），thendesignanexperimenttotest十isnwhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthi

40、ngs.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethod,thenwhatisthereasonfortrustinscience?Theanswerishowthoseclaimsareevaluated.Thecommonelementinmodernscience,regardlessofthespecificfieldortheparticularmethodsbeingused,isthestrictscrutiny（审查）ofclaims.Itthistough,sustainedprocessthatworkstomakesurefaultyclai

41、msarerejected.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalengthy“peereviewbecausethereviewersareexpertsinthesamefieldwhohaveboththerightandtheobligation（责任）tofindfaults.Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundr

42、eds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafetyitsthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinsciencethemorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentanglesisimportant.Doesthispro

43、cessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehumans.Thereisalwaysthepossibilityofrevisingaclaimonthebasisofnewevidence.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butth

44、ebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical（矛盾的）:thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.42.Howdoestheauthorthinkofthescientificmethod?A.Stable.B.Persuasive.C.Unreliab

45、le.D.Unrealistic.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vettedinParagraph4rleanbablyA.Explained.B.Examined.C.Repeated.D.Released.44.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat.A. itisnotpersuasivetorejectthosefaultyclaimsB. settledsciencetendstobecollectivelyoverturnedC. aleadingexpertcannotplayadecisiverolei

46、nascrutinyD. diversityinknowledgeisthecommonelementinscience45.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PutYourFaithinScienceB.DefendtheTruthinScienceC.ApplyYourMindtoScienceD.ExploreADynamicWaytoScience第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Aninterviewisadiscuss

47、ionwithsomeoneinwhichyoutrytogetinformationfromthem.46Therearethreebasicsub-typesofinterview:structuredinterviews,unstructuredinterviewsandsemi-structuredinterviews._47Incidentally,respondentandinformantarewordsthataresometimesusedinsteadof“interviewee”.Agreatdealisprovidedbythispersonalcontact:youa

48、reanotherhumanbeing,andintervieweeswillrespondtoyou,inbodilypresence,inanentirelydifferentwayfromthewaythattheywouldhavereactedtoquestionnairesthatcamethroughtheirletterboxesortoemails.48Mostpeoplewanttohelpandgivetheiropinions,andtheywillusuallybeenergizedtohelpbyyourphysicalpresence.Ifyoutakethetroubletoscheduleavisit,youcanbemoreorlessguaranteedofaresponse.Mostimportantly,though,youwillbeabletorelatetointervieweeswhileyouaretalkingtothem.49Youwillbeabletowatchtheirbehaviourwhichwillgiveyouimportantcluesabouthowtheyfeelaboutatopic.Becauseoftheprimacyofthepersonalcontact,yourappe