高中非谓语动词简明归纳

1、非谓语动词复习（1）分词分词 1. 分词的基本功能 A. 分词作定语1) Who is the man standing there? 2) This is the book written by Luxun. 3) This is the broken window. 4) This is the sleeping boy.结论: * 分词短语作定语(例1、例2)，位于被修饰名词后；单个分词作定语（例3、例4）位于被修饰名词前。 * 分词与被修饰名词为主动关系（被修饰名词是动词的逻辑主语），用现在分词（例1、例4）；如为被动关系（被修饰名词是动词的宾语），用过去分词。 Note: 有些不及物

2、动词的过去分词并不表被动，而是表示时间上的完成，其相应的现在分词表时间上的正在发生。 如： a developed country / a developing country fallen leaves / falling leaves B. 分词作表语1）The book is interesting.2）Im interested in the book.结论：分词（分词短语）作表语位于系动词后；现在分词与主语为主动关系，过去分词为被动关系。 C. 分词做宾语补足语 1）I heard someone calling my name. 2）I heard my name called.

3、结论：分词（分词短语）作宾补位于宾语后；现在分词与宾语为主动关系，过去分词为被动关系。 D. 分词作状语 1）He came in, singing and dancing. （随伴状语） 2 ) He came in, followed by a group of students. （随伴状语） 3) Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful. （条件或时间状语） 4) While walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. （时间状语） 5) Being ill, he could

4、nt go to school. （原因状语） 6) Her husband died, leaving her with five children. （结果状语） 7) If given more time, we could do it much better. （条件状语） 8) I left home early, hoping to meet him on the way. （目的状语） 结论: * 分词（分词短语）作状语的位置较灵活，可前可后； * 现在分词与谓语动词主语为主动关系，过去分词为被动关系； * 分词可以作多种状语（参例句）； * 分词作状语时，一般不再分词前加状语从

5、句连接词，但分词作时间和条件状时，可以加when; while; if, 此时连接词起强调作用（如例4、例7）。2. 分词的时间 （分词部分难点） A. 分词作定语的时间 doing * Who is the man standing there? * They lived in a room facing the south.* This is man giving us the talk yesterday. done * He is the man loved by all. * This is the book written by Lu Xun.* This is the man o

6、perated on yesterday.being done * This is the man being operated on.to be done* This is the man to be operated on tomorrow. B. 分词作状语的时间doing （主动一般式） 表分词动作与谓语动作同时发生 * Singing and dancing, he came in. having done （主动完成式）表分词动作在谓语动作之前发生 * Having finished his homework, he went to bed.having been done （被动

7、完成式）表分词动作在谓语动作之前发生* Having been told the news, he went to hospital at once. being done (被动进行式) 表分词动作与谓语动作同时发生* Being built, the school was in a mass. done （被动一般式）注意：用done 时，一般并不强调分词动作发生的时间，而是强调动作的方式、原因、条件等，如：* Followed by a group of students, he came in. (强调方式)( 不用 * Being followed by a group of stu

8、dents, he came in.或* Having been followed by a group of students, he came in.)* Seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.( 强调伴随状况或条件) （ 不用 * Being seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful. 或 * Having been seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.)3. 分词的其它几种情况 A. 一致性 （分词的逻辑主语一般应与

9、谓语动词的主语保持一致）* Standing on the hill, the whole village could be seen clearly. （不一致，错误） * Standing on the hill, we could see the whole village clearly. （一致，正确） 在不一致的情况下，可以有以下几种改正方法：1） 调整为一致，如上面的句子还可以调整为：* Seen from the hill, the whole village could be seen clearly. 2 ) 分词部分改用从句表达 * When we stood on th

10、e hill, the whole village could bee seen clearly. C.分词的否定 （ not + 分词）* Not knowing how to do it, he asked me for help.* Not having been repaired for a long time, the machine gave out a strange noise.(2)不定式和动名词 不定式 1. 不定式的基本功能A. 作主语*To talk with him is a pleasure. (= Its a pleasure to talk with him.)

11、 B. 作表语*What I want to do is to stay with you. C. 作定语 （注意：不定式作定语在时间上表示将来）* I have some clothes to wash today. D. 作宾语* He decided to stay with us. E. 作状语 （不定式作状语一般表目的）* He came to Beijing to see his parents. 2. 不定式的其它几种形式A. 否定式* He asked me not to do it.B. 被动式比较下列句子：* Do you have any clothes to be wa

12、shed today? （被动- you 不是wash 动作的发出者）* Do you have any clothes to wash? (主动 - you 是wash 动作的发出者)C. 一般式 / 进行式/ 完成式 （不定式的难点）* He is said to be our teacher. （= It is said that he is our teacher. ）* 20 people are reported to have been killed in the accident.( = It is reported that 20 people were killed in

13、the accident. 不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)* He happened to be working at that time.（= It happened that he was working. 不定式动作与谓语动词同时发生） 动名词动名词基本功能 A.作主语* Learning English is not easy. (Its not easy learning English.) B. 作表语*Her job is teaching English. C. 作定语* There is a swimming pool in our school. D. 作宾语* Pleas

14、e stop talking. （动宾） * We are looking forward to hearing from you.（介宾）动名词的其它几种形式否定式* The girl made her mother angry by not taking her medicine.被动式* I dislike being laughed at.（3）- 非谓语动词复习重点和难点1. 非谓语动词基本句法功能的比较 A.不定式与动名词作主语 - 区别不大，一般可互换 * Learning English is not easy.* To learn English is not easy. B

15、. 不定式、动名词、分词作表语 - 不定式、动名词区别不大，可互换，二者作表语表 what (What is her job?); 分词作表语表how ( How is her job?) * Her job is to teach English. * Her job is teaching English. * Her job is interesting. C. 不定式、动名词、分词作定语 动名词作定语表用途： * There is no drinking water here. （water for drinking） 不定式与分词作定语的区别主要体现在时间上，不定式作定语一般表动作发

16、生在将来；分词作定语一般表动作发生在过去或目前：比较下列句子 * Ive something to tell you. （将来） * This is the question to be discussed tomorrow.（将来） * This is the question discussed yesterday. （过去） * This is the question being discussed now. （目前） D. 不定式、分词作状语 不定式作状语一般表目的 * He went to Paris to learn French. 分词则可作多种状语，时间、条件、原因、目的等

17、* He hurried home, looking behind from time to time. * Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful. * Being ill, he couldnt go to school. * Given enough time, we could do it much better. * I left home early, hoping to see him on the way. E. 不定式、动名词作宾语 有些动词固定要求用不定式作宾语，有些则要求动名词作宾语，情况比较复杂， 所以，应尽可能熟记动词

18、搭配。2. 区别谓语动词和非谓语动词（非谓语动词考察重点，以下例句均选自近年高考单选试题）1. European football is played in 18 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. a) making B. makes C. made D. to make（正确选项A. 非谓语动词，表结果状语，D. to make 表目的，显然不符合句意）2. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading （