儿科护理学_课程课件_7.消化系统疾病患儿的护理

1、A Free sample background from Slide 1A Free sample background from Slide 2A Free sample background from Slide 3A Free sample background from Slide 4A Free sample background from Slide 5 A Free sample background from Slide 6n口炎是指口腔粘膜的炎症口炎是指口腔粘膜的炎症, ,可由病毒、真可由病毒、真菌、细菌等感染引起菌、细菌等感染引起. .n病变限于局部可称为舌炎、牙龈炎或口

2、病变限于局部可称为舌炎、牙龈炎或口角炎等角炎等n婴幼儿多见，单独发生或继发于全身性婴幼儿多见，单独发生或继发于全身性疾病如急性感染、腹泻、营养不良等疾病如急性感染、腹泻、营养不良等A Free sample background from Slide 7口腔口腔 粘膜柔嫩粘膜柔嫩唾液腺分泌少粘唾液腺分泌少粘膜比较干燥膜比较干燥容容 易易 损损 伤伤发发 生生 感感 染染病毒/细菌/真菌感染不当拭擦不当拭擦/ /饮料饮料过烫过烫/ /食物过硬食物过硬/ /消毒不严消毒不严免免 疫疫 力力 低低 下下A Free sample background from Slide 8致致病病菌菌 白色念珠菌

3、白色念珠菌易易感感者者A Free sample background from Slide 9A Free sample background from Slide 10A Free sample background from Slide 11A Free sample background from Slide 12A Free sample background from Slide 13A Free sample background from Slide 14饮饮 水水清洗清洗口腔口腔( (餐后餐后) )2 24 4次次/ /日日A Free sample background f

4、rom Slide 15无菌纱布或棉球置于无菌纱布或棉球置于唾液腺开口处唾液腺开口处涂药涂药干病变表面水分干病变表面水分闭口闭口1010分钟分钟取出棉球或纱布取出棉球或纱布轻、快、准轻、快、准棉签应是滚动不可磨擦涂药后勿立即饮水、进食小婴儿直接涂药小婴儿直接涂药A Free sample background from Slide 16A Free sample background from Slide 17A Free sample background from Slide 18A Free sample background from Slide 19指 导 家 长医 务 人 员喂温开

5、水，示教清洁口腔、局部涂药的方法。疱疹性口腔炎注意隔离。培养良好的卫生习惯，患儿的用物及时消毒，防止交互感染，鹅口疮患儿乳瓶等应消毒。哺乳妇女要勤换内衣均衡营养A Free sample background from Slide 20A Free sample background from Slide 21A Free sample background from Slide 22A Free sample background from Slide 23急性呼吸道感染急性呼吸道感染腹泻腹泻疟疾疟疾麻疹麻疹艾滋病艾滋病围产期疾患围产期疾患其它其它18%25%23%4%5%10%15%Sou

6、rces: The world health report 2003, WHO,Geneva.A Free sample background from Slide 24临床表现（临床表现（A Free sample background from Slide 25总论总论治疗治疗护理护理A Free sample background from Slide 26总论总论A Free sample background from Slide 27A Free sample background from Slide 28总论总论护理护理A Free sample background from

7、 Slide 29A Free sample background from Slide 30总论总论分类分类易感因素易感因素病因病因发病机制发病机制临床表现临床表现几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点迁延性腹泻迁延性腹泻治疗治疗护理护理A Free sample background from Slide 31A Free sample background from Slide 32A Free sample background from Slide 33A Free sample background from Slide 34粪便中的轮状病毒颗粒粪便中的轮状病毒颗粒A

8、 Free sample background from Slide 35A Free sample background from Slide 36A Free sample background from Slide 37轮状病毒轮状病毒腺病毒腺病毒 冠状病毒冠状病毒星状病毒星状病毒A Free sample background from Slide 38霍乱弧菌痢疾杆菌A Free sample background from Slide 39阿米巴滋养体阿米巴滋养体蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫隐孢子虫隐孢子虫白色念珠菌白色念珠菌A Free sample background fro

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10、d from Slide 48肠道下部细菌上移并繁殖肠道下部细菌上移并繁殖 内源性感染内源性感染 发酵、腐败发酵、腐败 A Free sample background from Slide 49护理护理A Free sample background from Slide 50A Free sample background from Slide 51A Free sample background from Slide 52A Free sample background from Slide 53A Free sample background from Slide 54A Free s

11、ample background from Slide 55A Free sample background from Slide 56口唇干燥、皲裂口唇干燥、皲裂A Free sample background from Slide 57A Free sample background from Slide 58A Free sample background from Slide 59脱水性质脱水性质A Free sample background from Slide 60A Free sample background from Slide 61A Free sample backgr

12、ound from Slide 62A Free sample background from Slide 63A Free sample background from Slide 64A Free sample background from Slide 65心率加快，以后心肌收缩无心率加快，以后心肌收缩无力、第一心音低钝、血压降力、第一心音低钝、血压降低、心脏扩大、低、心脏扩大、心律失常心律失常等；等；心电图显示心电图显示STST段降低，段降低，T T波波低平，低平，出现出现U U波波等等A Free sample background from Slide 66A Free sampl

13、e background from Slide 67A Free sample background from Slide 68A Free sample background from Slide 69 轮状病毒肠炎：Rotavirus Enteritis 病原体：人类轮状病毒（HRV) 发病季节：秋冬寒冷季节多见。 发病年龄：多见于6个月2岁婴幼儿。 症状： 起病急； 常伴发热和上呼吸道感染症状； 呕吐常先于腹泻出现； 全身感染中毒症状较轻。1A Free sample background from Slide 70A Free sample background from Slide

14、71 产毒性细菌引起的肠炎发病季节：多发生在夏季； 症状：起病较急；腹泻和呕吐，无明显全 身感染中毒症状； 大便：水样或蛋花样，无脓血，含有粘液，镜检无白细胞； 脱水：常发生脱水、电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱； 预后：自限性疾病，自然病程 37 天。2A Free sample background from Slide 723A Free sample background from Slide 734A Free sample background from Slide 74A Free sample background from Slide 75总论总论分类分类易感因素易感因素病因病因发病机制

15、发病机制临床表现临床表现几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点迁延性腹泻迁延性腹泻 生理性腹泻生理性腹泻治疗治疗护理护理A Free sample background from Slide 76发病机理不清发病机理不清治疗棘手治疗棘手对儿童危害大对儿童危害大A Free sample background from Slide 77A Free sample background from Slide 78A Free sample background from Slide 79总论总论分类分类易感因素易感因素病因病因发病机制发病机制临床表现临床表现几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点

16、几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点迁延性腹泻迁延性腹泻实验室检查实验室检查治疗治疗护理护理A Free sample background from Slide 80Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ 实验室检查：实验室检查：A Free sample background from Slide 81总论总论分类分类易感因素易感因素病因病因发病机制发病机制临床表现临床表现几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点迁延性腹泻迁延性腹泻实验室检查实验室检查治疗治疗护理护理A Free sample background from Slide 82治疗治疗 TreatmentA Free sample background from Slide 83A Free sample background from Slide 84A Free sample background from Slide 85总论总论分类分类易感因素易感因素病因病因发病机制发病机制临床表现临床表现几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点几种常见类型肠炎的临床特点迁延性腹泻迁延性腹泻实验室检查实验室检查治疗治疗护理护理A Free sample background from Slide 86A Free sample background from Slide 87A Free sample back