英语句子中成分

1、主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。谓语动词由实义动词谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。式也构成谓语动词。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。词、数词、代词、动名词等。动宾动宾介宾介宾可作表语的有名词、代词、形容可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语以及表语从句等。词与分词、数词、动词不定

2、式、介词短语以及表语从句等。 定语（定语（attribute）是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。）是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。语以及定语从句等。状语（状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句）是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的

3、、结果、条子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。状语从句等。主语补足语：主语补足语：宾语补足语：宾语补足语： Pop, a German volunteer, who works in the Olympics language service, said,“ I am looking forward to the Beijing Olympics , as it will

4、be my first volunteer experience in the Olympics.” 1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（表语（ S+Link.V+P ），说），说 明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。You are students.2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi. )注：注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened yesterday.You will graduate next year.The sun rises in the east.3.主语主

5、语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（宾语（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. He grew some vegetables. Each of you has a dream . 注：及物动词可用于被动语态注：及物动词可用于被动语态People use a great deal of water in that city.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) 双宾语双宾语 bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, wr

6、ite, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。等。常跟双宾语的动词：常跟双宾语的动词：Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser. We sawWe sawWe saw5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+C) 复合宾语复合宾语 注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。简单句之歌：简单句之歌：I like Beijing Tiananmen, Vt

7、. 之后要接宾。之后要接宾。Vi.加介也接宾，加介也接宾，We all live in Beijing.系动词之后是表语，系动词之后是表语，We are happy in Beijing.位置互换是双宾，名形非谓来补宾。位置互换是双宾，名形非谓来补宾。Homework: 句子成分随堂练习句子成分随堂练习 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.The play was very interesting.I cant hear a word.They were talking loudly. It was

8、 Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I read a few lines, but I didnt understand a word.My holidays passed quickly, but I didnt send cards to my friends.I got up early and bought thirty cards.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in