2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国全解析专项训练：专题13-构词法-含解析-精品(共13页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上1(2017·全国卷，69)However, be_ (care) not to go to extremes.答案：careful名词加后缀­ful变成形容词，作表语或定语。此句用于be careful (not) to do sth.结构。2(2017·全国卷，70)It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly此处应用副词修饰形容词fun, certain加后缀­ly构成其副词形式。3(2017·全国卷， 66)She

2、 is determined to carry on with her _ (educate)答案：education形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语。由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education。­tion为名词后缀。4(2017·江苏高考，29，改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart­phones defeated _ (convention) PCs in sales.答案：conventional分析句子可知，名词PCs前缺少一个定语，故用形容词形式。­al为形容词后缀

3、。句意：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年之后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。5(2016·全国卷，42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of _ (achieve) 答案：achievement介词of后要用名词作宾语。动词achieve加后缀­ment构成名词。a sense of achievement “成就感”。常用的英语构词法一、名词加后缀构成形容词二、动词加后缀构成形容词三、动词加后缀构成名词四、名词加后缀构成相应意义的抽象名词五、形容词加

4、后缀构成副词六、形容词加后缀构成名词七、形容词加后缀构成动词(一)八、形容词加前缀构成动词(二)九、常见的表示特定含义的前缀十、表示“人”的名词后缀十一、常用的否定前缀.单句语法填空1_ (fortunate), Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridge closed.答案：Fortunately此处表述“幸运地是”，修饰整个句子，应当用副词形式。2It's still a useful and pleasant form of _ (communicate)答案：comm

5、unication介词of之后要用名词形式communication作宾语。3It is not _ (surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.答案：surprising此处表述that从句所陈述的事情是surprising “令人吃惊的”。惯用句式：It isadj.that .，v.­ingadj.。4Chinese scientists _ (recent) had a chance to study a wild fema

6、le panda with a newborn baby.答案：recently修饰谓语动词应用副词形式。形容词recent­ly副词。5The college years are supposed to be a time for important _ (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案：growth前面有形容词important修饰。此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列关系。6Some schools will have to make _ (adjust)

7、 in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustmentsmake adjustments “做出调整”，固定短语。7We should see _ (fail) as a requirement for moving towards our goals.答案：failure设空处应填名词作动词see的宾语，且此处为抽象名词，不可数。由派生构词法可知，v.­uren.，故填failure。8You can live a more _ (power) life when you devote some of your tim

8、e and energy to something much larger than yourself.答案：powerful修饰后面的名词的应是形容词，依据派生构词法，名词加后缀­ful构成形容词；powerful “强有力的”。9Ants are gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and make _ (prepare) for the long cold winter.答案：preparationsmake preparations for . “为作准备”。10It is _ (danger) for a

9、woman to walk alone at night.答案：dangerous所填词位于系动词is之后，作表语，应填形容词；根据派生构词法规则可知，可在名词后加后缀­ous，构成形容词，故填dangerous，意为“危险的”。.单句改错1With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something amazed._答案：amazedamazing形容词修饰不定代词something应位于其后，且此处表示“令人惊讶的事”，故改为amazing。2In the laboratory, chimp

10、s don't naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperate._答案：cooperatecooperative此处用形容词作表语。由派生构词法可知v.­iveadj.。3It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road._答案：suddenlysudden句中，stop是名词，应由形容词修饰；根据副词的构词法规则可知，此处应将表示副词的后缀

11、3;ly去掉，故改suddenly为sudden。4The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste._答案：tastetasty形容词small, juicy和句子最后一个词为并列表语，故句末的词应改为其形容词形式。由派生构词法可知，v.­yadj.。5They are true good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them._答案：truetruly此处用副词形式修饰后面的形容词good。.语法填空On the first day of her

12、 work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers_1_ (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet_2_rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were runnin

13、g about with paper, food packages and other garbage_3_ (leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, _4_ (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！” All students stopped_5_ (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 . In the following weeks, Sally

14、worked out 10 class rules and posted them _6_the walls of the classroom.She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them._7_ (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; _8_， she won respect from the students.Over the years, she witnessed g

15、radual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just _9_she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and _10_ (confident)1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名老师通过努力最终将问题班级转化成优秀班级的故事。1had quit(ted)考查动词的时态。辞职动作发生在“She was told”之前，因此需用过去完成时。2the考查冠词。“the

16、rest of .”是固定短语，意为“其余的”。3left考查非谓语动词。过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。4picked考查动词的时态。老师走上讲台，拿起粉笔在黑板上写字，构成并列谓语。and连接三个并列的谓语动作，由walked, wrote可知，此处填所给词的过去式。5to look考查非谓语动词。所有学生都停下当时所做的事情来看老师，故使用“stop to look”。6on/onto考查介词。把规则张贴到墙上，故使用“post . on/onto the wall”。7Surprisingly考查词性转换。副词修饰整个句子，翻译为“令人惊讶的是”。8instead考查副词。承接前文可知

17、此处表述令人惊讶的是，Sally并没有像其他老师那样被赶出去，反而赢得了学生的尊重。副词instead “反而，相反”，符合语境。9as考查定语从句。正如她所期待的那样。as引导非限制性定语从句。10confidence考查词性转换。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。.短文改错Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and an inventor. He was once thought to be a boy whom was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of i

18、maginations.I admire Edison a lot because his great contributions to the world. He is said to having more than 1,000 inventions. In his lifetime, he were always eager to know how things worked. He was also very diligent and work day and night. And this explained why he had so much great inventions.S

19、uccess can never be easy achieved. Probably I can't be another Edison himself, but I will work hard to be a worthy person.答案：Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. He was once thought to be a boy was not worth educating. In fact, he was a man full of .I admire Edison a lot because his great contributions to the world. He is said to more than 1,000 inventions. In his lifetime, he always eager to know how things worked. He was also very d