现在分词与过去分词

1、1n现在分词和过去分词现在分词和过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词13 什么是非谓什么是非谓 语动词啊？语动词啊？ “非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语”, ,就是不是谓语的动词就是不是谓语的动词呗呗! !那不是谓语那不是谓语是什么呢？是什么呢？。4一、一、 非谓语使用条件非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her

2、seat.5英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：如果出现更多动词： n 加连词（加连词（and / but / so） n 放入从句放入从句 n 变为非谓语动词变为非谓语动词 n例如：例如：9. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited6二、非谓语动词的表现二、非谓语动词的表现形式形式有：有：动名词动名词 （doing）(Participles)(Gerund)

3、(Infinitive)不定式不定式 （to do）过去分词过去分词 （done）现在分词现在分词 （doing）7动名词动名词 (doing) 起名词作用起名词作用 不定式不定式 (to do) 起名词、形容词和副词作用起名词、形容词和副词作用 分分 词词 (doing/done) 起形容词和副词作用起形容词和副词作用三、非谓语动词的词法特点三、非谓语动词的词法特点8主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式现在分词过去分词动名词组成介词短语四、非谓语动词充当的成分四、非谓语动词充当的成分+910分词分词+现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词11(1).无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.其时态和语态

4、的变化形式与动名词相同.时态语态主动语态 被动语态一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 121314n现在现在1516nThe girl who is sitting in the corner is adorable.nWe visited a temple which was built 200 years ago. nB. 后置定语相当于省略的定语从句后置定语相当于省略的定语从句17 The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals

5、. 27nThe houses which are being built are for the survivors in the quake.18nA.作感官动词的作感官动词的19或方式或方式nB. 作使役动词的作使役动词的20n1)作时间状语作时间状语, 可以表示三个时间概念可以表示三个时间概念nA.表示和谓语动作表示和谓语动作同时发生同时发生,相当于相当于 “as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句nHearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. n= As soon as he heard the good news,

6、he n= On hearing the good news, he 21nB.谓语动词的动作谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的发生在分词动作的过程中过程中,表示表示”在做某事期间在做某事期间”相当于相当于由由when/while 引导的时间状语从句。引导的时间状语从句。nWalking in the street, I came across an old friend.n= When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.22 C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如:Having don

7、e his homework, the boy went out to play.Having written his composition, he began to do his Maths homework.n2)作原因状语作原因状语,相当于由相当于由because/as 引引导的原因状语从句导的原因状语从句。 23A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生和谓语动词的动作同时发生Being ill, he didnt go to school.=Because/As he was ill, he didnt go Not knowing what to do next, he went to his

8、 teacher for advice.= Because/As he didnt know what to do next, he went to 24B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分分词就要用完成时。词就要用完成时。 Having seen the film many times, he didnt go to see it last night.n3)作条件状语作条件状语,相当于由相当于由 if 引导的条件状引导的条件状语从句语从句 Using your head, you will find a way.=If you use your head

9、, you will find 25n4)作让步状语作让步状语,相当于由相当于由 although/though 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句nGetting up early, he was late for the meeting.n= Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting.26n5)作伴随状语作伴随状语(方式状语方式状语),表示同谓语的动表示同谓语的动作同时发生作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作。个并列动作。nThey sat there on the ston

10、e, talking with each other.n=They sat there on the stone and talked with each other.27n6)作结果状语作结果状语,同谓语同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。动词的动作几乎同时发生。nThe mother died, leaving five children behind.282930分词构句分词构句31Practice323334(1).的语法形式的语法形式无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语也没有时态和语态的变化。态的变化。(done)351.作表语作表语作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态。如

11、，nThe glass is broken.nHe was lost in thought.nThey were deeply moved.36 注意:被动结构与系表结构的区别 这两种结构形式都是be+ 这两种结构的主要区别是:被动语态强调所发生的动作,而系表结构表示的是主语的特点或状态。nThe cup was broken by my little brother.n(被动结构被动结构)nThe cup is broken.(系表结构系表结构)372.作定语作定语作定语作定语, 它的逻辑主语就是它它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词所修饰的词,有以下三个特点有以下三个特点 :n A.及物动词的及物

12、动词的38nB.不及物动词的与它所修饰的名词没有关系。nfallen leaves=leaves that have fallen na retired worker=a worker who has retirednthe risen sun=the sun that has risen 39nC.有些表示心理活动的过去分词作定语有些表示心理活动的过去分词作定语,表表面是修饰它后面的名词面是修饰它后面的名词,但实质是说明当事但实质是说明当事者的心理者的心理状态。所以过去分词与它所状态。所以过去分词与它所修饰的名词没有修饰的名词没有关系关系。nThe surprised look showed

13、 that he hadnt expected this.n= (He was surprised and his look showed his surprise)403. 过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补n过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语的关系是被过去分词和宾语的关系是被动关系动关系,说明宾语的状态说明宾语的状态,表示动作的完成。常表示动作的完成。常用来用来n作感官动词作感官动词n和使役动词和使役动词的的41nWhen I walked home, I saw a man caught by the police.nAs soon as he returned home, he f

14、ound his house broken into.nHe kept himself covered with a blanket.4243n1)做时间或条件状语做时间或条件状语,通常放在句首。通常放在句首。nSeen from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful.n=If the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town n= When the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town 44n2) 作作Dee

15、ply moved by the story, the children began to cry.=As/Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children.3)作作45She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.=She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.He sat there, lost in thought.= He sat there, and w

16、as lost in thought.46 _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. （条件状语）（条件状语） A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century（定语）（定语） A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. writtenP

17、ractice47Discussionn1. Follow/ follow by/ follow with/ followingn小鸭子跟着鸭妈妈到处走。小鸭子跟着鸭妈妈到处走。nThe duckling _ its mother everywhere.n闪电过后紧接着是响雷。闪电过后紧接着是响雷。nThe lightning was quickly _ heavy thunder.n这是继工会领袖遭谋杀后引发的示威游行。这是继工会领袖遭谋杀后引发的示威游行。nThese are the demonstrations _ the murder of the union leader.48n2.

18、 Do you know the man _ money?nA. having lostnB. who has lostnC. lostnD. losing49n非谓语动词综合分析非谓语动词综合分析50一一.独立主格结构（独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致；一致；若不一致，若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结独立结构构”；其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分

19、其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。词。51n falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon. n completed, well have a global traveling. LeavesTask52独立主格的构成独立主格的构成(P674-679)n基本形式：基本形式：n1. 逻辑主语逻辑主语 + -ed/-ing形式：形式：n2.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +不定式不定式/ 名词：名词：n3.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +介词短语介词短语; n4.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +形容词形容词; n5.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +副

20、词副词;53Examplesn1. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+现在分词：现在分词： 表示主动关系。表示主动关系。n如：如：nTime permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.n2.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +过去分词过去分词n逻辑主语与过去分词之间是被动关系。逻辑主语与过去分词之间是被动关系。n如：如：nThe problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. n随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。随着问题的解决，质量

21、已经提高了。54n3.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +不定式不定式n逻辑主语与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是逻辑主语与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次一次具体性的动作。具体性的动作。n如：如：nHe is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。n4.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +介词短语介词短语n如：如：nThe boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩那男孩手里拿着书去教室。手里拿着书去教室。55n5.逻辑主语逻辑主语

22、 +形容词形容词n如：如：nSo many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. n这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。n6.逻辑主语逻辑主语 +副词副词n如：如：nThe meeting over, they all went home. n会议一结束，他们就都回家了。会议一结束，他们就都回家了。56其他形式其他形式n1. with /without 引导的独立主格引导的独立主格 (P677)n形式为形式为: with /without + n. + -ed/-ingn2. There being +其他成分

23、其他成分n如：如：nThere being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。n3. It being +其他成分其他成分n如：如：nIt being Christmas, all the shops were shut.57独立主格结构的功能独立主格结构的功能n独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。方式或伴随情况等。n1. 用作时间状语用

24、作时间状语nThe work done(=After the work had been done), we went home.n 工作完成后，我们就回家了。工作完成后，我们就回家了。n2. 用作条件状语用作条件状语nWeather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. n如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。58n3. 用作原因状语用作原因状语nAn important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professo