高中英语语法专题复习省略句ppt课件

1、高东东高东东一一.考纲要求考纲要求按照考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握英语省按照考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握英语省略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用略的一些基本原则，在行文中正确地使用省略。省略。二。命题导向二。命题导向近年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语近年的高考试题主要考查定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中从句、状语从句、简单句中和交际语境中的省略。的省略。 ( I ) Thank you for your help. ( It ) doesnt matter. What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? His brother is

2、nt lazy, nor is his sister .主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略定 语 从 句 的 简化1、把定语从句简化为形容词短语作定语。（如果定语从句的表语是形容词短语）She received a box which was full of gifts. She received a box full of gifts.她收到了满满一盒子礼物。 2、把定语从句简化为介词短语。（如果定语从句的表语是介词短语）The books which lie/is under the bed arent worth

3、reading. The books under the bed arent worth reading.床下那些书不值得读。 定 语 从 句 的 简化3、1.把定语从句简化为不定式或不定式短语作定语。（如果定语从句中的谓语动词是一般将来时，或先行词前有序数词或追高级修饰，或last only 修饰，或者先行词是不定代词something,anthing.）Have you anything that you want to say at the meeting? Have you anything to say at the meeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗？ Mary is the

4、only person that can save me from danger.Mary is the only person to save me from danger.定 语 从 句 的 简化3.2、把定语从句变成不定式复合结构作定语。例如： Is there anything else that we can do? Is there anything else for us to do?还有其它我们可做的事吗？ 3.3.定语从句简化为 介词+which +不定式含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面） The farmers use wood to build a ho

5、use in which they can store grain.The farmers use wood to build a house in which to store grain4.1、把定语从句简化成现在分词短语作定语。(一般情况下，在定语从句中的谓语动词时主句的主语发出的，是主动语态用现在分词) The boy who stands against the door is his younger brother. The boy standing against the door is his younger brother.靠门站着的那个男孩是他弟弟。 4.2、把定语从句简化

6、为过去分词短语作定语。（一般情况下，在定语从句中的谓语动词时不是由主句的主语发出的，是被动语态，用过去分词）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful. The dictionary bought for me by my mother is very useful.我母亲给我买的那本词典非常有用。 定 语 从 句 的 简化5.另外：还可以把表明身份、职业等非限定性定语从句简化为同位语结构。例如： Lao Zhang,who was our hospital driver,died yesterday. Lao Zha

7、ng,our hospital driver,died yesterday.老张，我们医院的司机，昨天去世了。 The old man,who is a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report. The old man,a famous scientist,is coming to give us a report.那位老人，一个著名的科学家，要来给我们作报告。定 语 从 句 的 简化状语从句的省略状语从句的省略状语从句的省略状语从句的省略状语从句的省略状语从句的省略状语从句的简化具体讲解 一、当状语从句的主语是一、当状语从句的主语是it,

8、 且谓语动词是且谓语动词是be时，时，it和和be可完全简化掉。例如：可完全简化掉。例如： If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。 You must attend the meeting on time unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情况对你除非情况对你不便，否则你必须出席这个会议。不便，否则你必须出席这个会议。 二、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句可以将主语和二、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一

9、致时，从句可以将主语和be动词动词简化掉。常用于以下情形：简化掉。常用于以下情形： 连词连词+形容词形容词 As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. 他小时候就学会了他小时候就学会了怎样骑自行车。怎样骑自行车。 Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. 她有空就去购物。她有空就去购物。 Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. 少壮不努力，老少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。大徒伤悲。 连词名词连词名词 While (he was) a

10、 young boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在他在孩提时代，就乐于助人。孩提时代，就乐于助人。 连词连词+现在分词现在分词 （相当于非谓语动词作状语）（相当于非谓语动词作状语）As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks

11、. 尽管近来他一直在努力学数学，但仍然没有取得好成绩。尽管近来他一直在努力学数学，但仍然没有取得好成绩。 状语从句的简化4. 连词连词+过去分词过去分词 （相当于非谓语动词作状语）（相当于非谓语动词作状语） He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他是除非受到邀请，否则他是不会和我不会和我 们一道去那儿的。们一道去那儿的。 The concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 这场音乐会这场音乐会出乎意料地获得了巨大成功。出乎意料地获得了巨大成功。 5. 连词连

12、词+不定式不定式 （相当于非谓语动词作状语）（相当于非谓语动词作状语） He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 他站起来好像要说点什他站起来好像要说点什么。么。 He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使即使他来负责也解决不了这个问题。他来负责也解决不了这个问题。 6. 连词连词+介词短语介词短语 She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦虑，她看上去很焦虑，就好像是遇到了麻烦。就好像

13、是遇到了麻烦。 He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA. 他到美国之前就精通英语了。他到美国之前就精通英语了。 留意：若从句主语和主句主语不一致，从句部分要么用完全形式，留意：若从句主语和主句主语不一致，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如：要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如： When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-place. 当会议结束时，所有的人都走出了会场。当会议结束时，所有的人都走出了会场。

14、(=The meeting over, .) 状语从句的简化并列中的省略并列中的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略其它形式的省略类似的动词是：类似的动词是：I DROP CAPS (insist坚持坚持,demand要求要求,require要求，要求，request请求，请求，recommend建议，建议，order命令，命令，propose建议，建议，command命令，命令，ask要求，要求，advise建议，建议，prefer宁愿，宁愿，

15、suggest建议，建议，)1.状语从句的省略：在以状语从句的省略：在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等连词引导的时间、等连词引导的时间、缘由、条件、方式、让步等状语从缘由、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词语的代词it以及以及be动词动词,保留现在分保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等。等。.状语从句中的省略：状语从句中的省略：当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词含有当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语

16、动词含有be时，或状语从句为时，或状语从句为there be结构时，可以省略状语从句结构时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语的主语和谓语be，常见结构为，常见结构为:1).连词连词as/as if/once+名词名词Once( he was) a teacher ,he now works in a government .2)连词连词though/whether/when+形容词形容词Work hard when (you are) young, or you will regret .3).连词连词whether /as if /while+介词短语介词短语He looks everywher

17、e as if (he was) looking for something.4)连词连词when/while/though+现在分词现在分词While (I was )walking in the street, I heard my name called .5).连词连词when/if/even if/unless/once/until/than/as+过去分词过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.6).连词连词as if/as though +不定式不定式He opened his lips as i

18、f (he were) to speak.当状语从句的主语为当状语从句的主语为it ,谓语动词含有谓语动词含有be时，可以省略状语从时，可以省略状语从句的主语和谓语句的主语和谓语be，常见结构为，常见结构为:连词连词if/unless/when/whenever+形容词形容词Unless( it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.7)if+ so/not省略句式，省略句式， so/not 代替上文内容代替上文内容Get up early tomorrow morning, if not (you dont get up

19、 early), you will miss the bus. 练习：补充省略部分练习：补充省略部分1) When in trouble , I always turn to her for help. 2) Errors , if any, should be corrected. 3He seldom goes to the cinema, if ever. I amthere is he has ever been4) Wood gives much smoke while burning. 5) The letter is to be left here until called fo

20、r . 6) Henry stopped walking as if to wait for her 7) You must eat it when fresh. wood isit ishe wasit is2、 比较状语从句的省略比较状语从句的省略 1) 以以as, than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。或部分省去。 如：如：He got up early as usual (he did). After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been). He studies as hard as

21、 you (study). 2在在the + 比较级比较级. , the +比较级比较级 的句的句型中型中, 当谓语是当谓语是be 动词时动词时 , 而且主语非代词而且主语非代词时时, 常省略动词常省略动词be. The older you are , the poorer your memory. （memory will be ） The more I can do , the better （better it will be） 3. 以以as soon as 引导的状语从句的主语和主引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时句主语一致时,可用可用on/upon doing 形式简化形式简化状

22、语从句状语从句, 此时的动词为瞬间动词此时的动词为瞬间动词. As soon as he arrived at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. On /Upon arriving at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. 4. 定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略1)定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词that /which /who在从句在从句中作主语且后面有中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省

23、略关系代动词，我们可以省略关系代词及词及be动词动词. 如：如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary. The bridge (which was) built in 1927 broke down. The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary.2)在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词词that, which, whom可以省略可以省略;在在the same. as和和such. as引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部

24、分可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是先行词是 direction(方向方向) , way(方式方式) , distance(间隔间隔) , time(时间时间) , times(倍数倍数) 等后面所接的定语从句中常省略等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which 如如: 如：如：He is one of the man (whom) I can trust. We will do the same work as they (do). I dont like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. The d

25、irection (in which ) we move a body (物物体体) can be changed. The distance (that/ which ) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers. 5.虚拟语气中的省略 If Thomas Edison had stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . Had Thomas Edison stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . 注: 虚拟

26、语气的 if条件句中省略if把 had(助动词), should , were 提早.It was suggested that the meeting be put off until the next week .注: 在表建议,命令,劝告等词后所接虚拟语气的should +动词原形中的 should 常省略.五、五、 在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介词在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介词 have difficulty (in) doing sth spend some time / money (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth waste som

27、e time (in) doing sth have a hard time (in) doing sth There is no use (in) doing sth六六. 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中 例如：例如： Newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage Signs and labels: No smoking Instructions: Do not bend Postcards and diaries: Have not had time to write diary Notes: Opera OK,

28、 costumes greatLets practice.Lets practice.1. He was a swimmer when _. A. to be a child B. a child C. being a child D. as a child.2. When _ , he worked very hard all his life. A. was young B. be young C. being young D. youngWhile _, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. A. was in B. to be in C. be in

29、 D. in he was a child.he was youngI was in BDDLets practice.Lets practice.4. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? Dont speak until _. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to5. The exhibition is more interesting than _. A.expected B. expect C. expecting D. to

30、expect 6. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET2019) A. seeingB. having C. to have seen D. to seeyou are spoken toit was expected.he was to seeBADLets practice.Lets practice.7.I wonder why you didnt do it as _. Its the third time y

31、ou have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told8.Once _ during the examination, you will be punished. A. caught cheat B. catching to cheat C. catch cheating D. caught cheating9.Ask him to take you home if _. A.is possibleB. to be possible C.possible. D. being possible 10. _ your lette

32、r, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. I could have received you were told toyou are caught cheatingit is possibleIf I had receivedADCCLets practice 2.Lets practice 2.1.Why did you take a taxi? I _. I was late. A. have to B. have to do C.

33、 had to D. had to do2.He is not _his sister,but _ _. A.taller than；stronger B. so tall as；strong C. taller than；is stronger D. as tall as; stronger3. Im going to dig it up. What _? A. withB. byC. at D. from4. Have you been here long? _. A. No，not very B. Not much C. Yes，only little D. No, only yeste

34、rdayhad to take a taxi taller than he is stronger than his sisterare you going to dig it up withNo, I have not been here very longCAAALets practice.Lets practice.5. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle_. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing6. Dont forget to come t

35、o my birthday party. _. A.I dont B.I wont C.I dont forget D.I wont forget7. Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning. _. Ill be as early as a bird. A. OK.I will B. Im afraid I can C. Of course not D. No，I willLosing made her so upsetI wont forget to come to your birthday partyOK. I will get up ear

36、lier tomorrow morningCBALets practice.Lets practice.8.Whats the matter with you? I didnt pass the test，but I still _ _. A. hope soB. hope to C. hope itD. hope that9.I am happy if you _. A. happyB. are C. willD. be10.Are you a film star? _.A.Yes，I was B.I used to be C.I used to D.Im used to hope to p

37、ass the testare happyI used to be a film starBBBLets practice.Lets practice. 1.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ I will always treasure.(MNE2019) A.that B. one C. it D. what 2.You have three children，but I have only two _. A. one B. ones C./ D. child3. Can I have a

38、 cup of black coffee with sugar, please? Give me _ , please. A. it B. the same C. that D. soa momentchildrenthe same black coffeeBCBLets practiceLets practice4 I say it is your turn to be on duty today. _? A. MineB.I C. Myself D. Me5. Can you climb that tree，my boy? _? A.I B. Mine C. MyselfD. Me6. W

39、hy didnt you do your homework yesterday? But _，sir. A.I did soB.I didnt do it C.I didnt forget D.I did do itI often think of my childhood, during _ I lived on my uncles farm. A. which B. whenC. whereD. whoIs it my turn to be on duty todayCan I climb that treeI did do my homework(my childhood)ADDALet

40、s practice.Lets practice.8. May I help you with some shoes，sir? Yes，Id like to try on those white _. A. one B. onesC. twoD. pair9. Whats the difference between the first house and the second? The first one has a garage while the second has _. A. nothing B. none C. no oneD. neither10. Canada has a la

41、rge area than _ China. A. that ofB. the one of C. it of D./shoes/pairsno garagethe area ofBB(nobody)A一、状语从句中句子成分的省略一、状语从句中句子成分的省略e.g. 1. Generally speaking, _according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be takenB2. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. lacked lacking ofC. lacking D. lacked in C二、动词不定式的省略二、动词不定式的省略 在同一句或联系紧密的在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式对话里，常把不定式to后内后内容相同的部分省略，只保留容相同的部分省略