小学英语语法总复习

1、小学英语语法总复习一、时态1. 一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 "usually通常，often常常，every每，sometimes有时,always 总是，等词。(2)基本结构：I / You / We / TheyHe / She / It肯定句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式否定句don' t +动原doesn' t +动原一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do - ? Yes, I do.Does(动词原形)？No,she doesn' t.特殊疑问句What do ?How does she(动词原形)？(3)动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数

2、变成复数方法相同)1一般情况+s如： walk-walks2.辅音字母+y结尾去 y +iesfly-flies3.结尾是 s, x, sh, ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes2. 现在进行时，11)表示正在发生的动作，通常用"now现在，look看，linsen听(2)基本形式：be +动词ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.What are you doing?Is he r

3、eading?(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词 +ing )一般情况+ingwalk walking结尾是不发音的e-e + ingcome coming重读闭音节双写最后-个run-running字母+ingswim-swimming3. 一般过去时(1) 表示过去已经发生的事情，通常用"last上一个，just now刚才，a moment ago刚才,yesterday昨天”等词。(2) be 动词的过去式 :am/is was are were(3)过去式基本结构肯定句(Positive)动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句(Negative)

4、Didn' t +动词原形I didn ' t go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did+动词原形,?Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did+动词原形?What did you do last night?(4)词过去式的变化: 规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ iedstudy studied, cry- cried重读用音节单词，末尾只一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop st

5、opped plan - planned不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritew

6、roteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew4. 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与 用。结构：be going to +动词原形或 will +动词原形tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连例如：I'm going to visit my grandpa next week.、人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthe

7、m形容词性物主代词myouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyourshishersitstheirs（注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。）三、可数名词的复数形式1 .一般名词：+ s a book 600ks2 .辅音字母加 y 结尾： -y+ ies a story stories3 .以 s, x, sh, ch , 结尾： + es a glass glasses； a watch-watches4 .以 f 或 fe 结尾： -f 或 fe 变为 ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves5 .特殊的

8、名词复数man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词（没有复数形式）bread, rice, water, juice , milk , tea, coffee五、缩略形式I ' m = I am you ' re = you are she ' s = s

9、he is he ' s = he is /he has（got）it ' =s it is who' s=who is can' =can not isn ' t=heot didn ' t=didot weren ' t=werenot wasn' t=wasiot let ' s=let us I will ll=I 六、a. an .the的用法1 .单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach, a " U"单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg, an hour, an &qu

10、ot;F"2 .the要注意的：球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加 the,序数词前面要加the。七、介词1 . 表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. , under2 .表示时间：（1） at :几点前面用 at如：at six o' clock,没有day的节日前用 at如：at Christmas,固定词组 at the weekends , at night（2） on:星期前用 on如：on Monday ,日期前用 on如：on the 15th of July 带

11、有Day的节日前用 on 如： on National Day（3） in:早晨，中午，晚上前用 in： in the morning , in the afternoon , in the evening ,月份前用 in ,如 in December ,季节前用 in ,如 winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1.直接在基数词词尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth第十，thirteenth第十三，2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i,再加上 etho如：twentieth 第二十。3 .不规则的。如： first第一，second第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eigh

12、th第八，ninth第九， twelfth 第十二。4 .有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first第二H'。九、some /any的用法1 .肯定句中用 some： I have some toys in my bedroom.2 .问句和否定句中用 ang： Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasn ' t got any pencils in his pencicase.3 .询问想要什么时用 some： Would you like some juice?Can I have some stamp

13、s?十、 there be结构1 .肯定句（有 ）：There is +单数或不可数名词There are + 复数注：遵循就近原则，看靠 there be最近的2 .一般疑问句（有 吗？） ：Is there ？ Yes, there is./ No, there isn' t.Are there ? Yes, there are. /No, there aren' t.3 .否定句（没有）： There isn ' t . There aren ' t ,4 .there be句型与have（has）的区别：there be表示在某地有某物（或人）；have

14、（has）表示某人拥有某物。H一、祈使句Sit down pleaseDon' t sit down, please.Let ' s go to the park.（注：祈使句中动词用原形）十二、（情态）动词can, may, must, should, will后面直接用动词原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. You ' ll be good friends.十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词

15、的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。2 .形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加 er ；以字母e结尾，加r ；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；以 辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er。3 .不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1 .形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用 be；有动用副，有副用动）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2 .副词比较

16、级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better, far-farther）十四、特殊疑问句What（问什么事，什么物或什 么工作）What are you doing ?I ' m reading.What is that?It ' s a book.W hat is she?（What ' s her job?）She' s a nurse.What colour（问颜色）What colour is your coat?It' s red.What time （时间）What time is it?What' s th

17、e time?It ' s seven.when（什么时候）When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday?It ' s on the 21st of December.Which （哪一个）Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine.Who （谁）Who is the man with a big nose?He' s my uncle.Whose （谁的）Whose bag is it?Whose is this bag?It ' s his bag.Where （哪里）Where is my ball pen?It ' s under tbeok.Why （为什么）Why do you like summer?I like summer becauseH