文学第十五周A_Farewell_to_Arms

1、Twentieth-Century LiteratureErnest Hemingway 1899 -1961 By Cece(王诗颖王诗颖) Arrangement A. Teaching objectives： Students are required to grasp the life experience and major works of Ernest Hemingway; Students are required to understand “The Lost Generation” and appreciate the novelA Farewell to Arms &am

2、p; The Old Man and the Sea. B. Focal points & difficult points： Hemingways main ideas reflected from his novels; Lost Generation; C. Teaching procedures Step 1 Lead in -Hemingways Biographical Introduction Step 2 Analysis of A Farewell to Arms Step 3 ConclusionI. Life uborn in a small town calle

3、d Oak Park in Illinois near Chicagoufather: a successful physician, middle class, love fishing and hunting; u mother: music teacherua happy childhood; a lover of brutal sports残酷运动、野蛮运动, such as boxing and football in middle schooluThough his father hoped him to be a physician, Hemingway refused to e

4、nter university. He chose to be a reporter.I. LifeuDuring the WWI, he wanted to join the army but was refused because of his poor eyesight. Then Hemingway came to Italy to work as an ambulance急救车 driver. He was seriously wounded in the battlefield战场. The nightmarish噩梦 war experience changed his life

5、.uAfter the war, he still worked as a reporter. He was sent to Paris and knew Pound, Gertrude Stein, Sherwood Anderson and some other famous writers who encouraged him to write.uHe also worked as a war reporter in the Spanish Civil War and the WWII.uHe is a tough guy硬汉 with rather masculine manner.男

6、子汉气概 In all his life, he loved tough games, such as boxing, hunting, deep-sea fishing, bullfight斗牛 and so on. He was injured many times. In all the operations, 237 steel fragments钢铁碎片 were taken out from Hemingways body. He also suffered 3 car accidents and 2 air crushes. He was admired as a hero by

7、 lots of people and his life style was imitated.uIn 1961, Hemingway shot himself with gun in his home. ?Occupation: American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. Known as the Lost Generation Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. A Far

8、ewell to Arms (fiction) 永别了，武器For Whom the Bell Tolls (fiction)丧钟为谁而鸣 The Old Man and the Sea (fiction) The Sun Also Rises (fiction) 太阳照常升起 Death In The Afternoon (non-fiction) 死在午后 A Moveable Feast (fiction ) 流动的盛宴Short Stories A Clean, well-lighted place 一个干净明亮的地方 The Snows of Kilimanjaro 乞力马扎罗的雪

9、Cat in the Rain 雨中猫III. The Lost Generation迷惘的一代 The Lost Generation refers to the group of American writers who came of age成熟年代 during World War I and established their reputations in the 1920s. The writings of these authors were shaped by World War I and self-imposed exile自我放逐 from the American ma

10、instream. The writers considered themselves “lost” because their inherited values could not operate in the postwar world传统民主自由的价值观与战后世界格格不入. They felt spiritually alienated精神异化、疏远 from a country they considered hopelessly provincial and emotionally barren.Who are involved in the Lost Generation? Ern

11、est Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Gertrude Stein(格特鲁德斯泰因（Gertrude Stein，1874年2月3日1946年7月27日），美国作家与诗人，但后来主要在法国生活，并且为现代主义文学与现代艺术的发展做出重要贡献。 她创立了一种独特的几乎有点孩子气的写作风格，作品中摒弃规范的标点使用规则，强调印象之作而非叙列陈述，还经常重复使用同一单词和短语，如“玫瑰就是玫瑰就是玫瑰就是玫瑰”。 ) T. S. Eliot Ezra Pound Background of the novel Early in 1918 Hemingway respon

12、ded to a Red Cross recruitment in Kansas City and signed on to be an ambulance driver in Italy. By June he was stationed驻扎 at the Italian Front意大利前线. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and was sent to a field hospital.While recuperating复原 he fell in love with Agnesvon Kurowsky, a Red Cross nurse seve

13、n years his senior. However,when they planned to marry, she wrote that she had become engaged to an Italian officer. Hemingway was devastated by Agnes rejection. Questions:1. The characters in A Farewell to Arms(5 mins)2. What is the theme of the novel?3. What are the symbols in the novel?B. Charact

14、ersFrederic Henry: The narrator and protagonist A young American as ambulance driver of Italian Army during the WWI. Embodies the lost generationCharacteristics: Brave; well-disciplined; friendly; responsible; anti-war.CharactersCatherine Barkley: An English nurse serving at the Italian front. Frede

15、ric Henrys lover No religionCharacteristics: courageous; noble, strong-mind; considerate; optimistic; gentle.Other charactersRinaldi: Henrys roommate, a surgeon at the Italian front seeks immediate pleasures and sexual relationships.Helen Ferguson: a friend of Catherine loyalty, dignity Taking place

16、 in Italy during WWI, tied closely to Hemingways experience. Henry serves in Italian ambulance unit, falls in love with an English nurse, Catherine. Henry is in wounded and after his return to the front, an Italian retreat撤退地 where he barely escapes with his life. Ultimately, he and Catherine enter

17、Switzerland to await the birth of their child. Unfortunately, Catherine and the child both died, Henry is left alone, his future left unplotted.1. Theme -The Grim残忍 Reality of War -The Relationship Between Love and PainLove:Hemingway offers a deep, mournful meditation悲伤的冥想 on the nature of love. I d

18、ont. I dont want anybody else to touch you. Im silly. I get furious if they touch you.“I would be too happy. If I could live there and love God and serve him.Always I wanted to see Catherine. 2. Symbol The rain: unhappiness, death, disasters, misfortune The mountain: peace, happiness, family, love.

19、The plain: destruction, death, war Arms: love and war Catherine: perfect lover and love Serving as a potent有力 symbol of the inevitable inevitbl disintegration瓦解 of happiness in life. Catherine infuses灌输 the weather with meaning as she and Henry lie in bed listening to the storm outside. As the rain

20、falls on the roof, Catherine admits that the rain scares her and says that it has a tendency to ruin things for lovers. Of course, no meteorological ,mi:tirldikl 气象的 phenomenon has such power; symbolically, however, Catherines fear proves to be prophetic预示的, for doom厄运 does eventually come to the lo

21、vers. After Catherines death, Henry leaves the hospital and walks home in the rain. Here, the falling rain validates证实 Catherines anxiety and confirms one of the novels main contentions: great love, like anything else in the worldgood or bad, innocent or deservingcannot last. At the end of this nove

22、l, Henry is left desolate and alone in a strange land, his dream of leading a decent life broke into smithereens ,smiri:nz碎片. So the novel is both a farewell to war, which is condemned as purposeless slaughter, and a farewell to love, which proves so short-lived. Judging from the whole story, Heming

23、way is to write about the process in which people treat the war from taking it seriously into suspicion to disgust and then to indifference, which reflects the cynicism愤世嫉俗, belief crisis of people after the WWI, which is representative of the mood of “the Lost Generation”. It seems that lifes trage

24、dies, and the courage required to face themthis is a recurring theme of Hemingways writings.Part II An analysis of The old Man and the Sea (In 1954, Hemingway got the Nobel Prize)Famous Quote:His Writing Code heroEmphasis on Emotion3Iceberg principle12Colloquial style4Writing style (iceberg principl

25、e) 1. What is the iceberg principle? 2. How does Hemingway use it in The Old Man and the sea? 3. Which phrases embody this principle fully?Iceberg principle “I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that shows. Anything you know yo

26、u can eliminate排除 and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesnt show. If a writer omits something because he does not know it then there is a hole in the story.” His sentences only give one small bit of the meaning. The rest is implied. One must go very deep beneath the surface to

27、 understand the full meaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestion of vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare words用词精简. Code hero硬汉形象 The “Hemingway Code” of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexual potency, or ability to accumulate (or

28、spend) wealth. According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance to accept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing that one has done ones best, with the courage to act truly according to ones own nature; and the will to face defeat or victory without whining哀叫 on one hand or boasting 自夸on the other. Emphasis on Emotion He was interested in conveying a deep emotional feeling. He did have some realistic techniques, but on the whole he was not like the realistic writers because he