考研英语真题及答案

1、2002 年 全 国 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 统 一 考 试 英 语 试 题 及 答 案Section I Listening Comprehension Directions:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this

2、Section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A

3、in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1 - 5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information youve heard. Someof the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered bo

4、x. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Welchs Personal InformationPlace of BirthPhiladelphiaYear of Birth1901Transfer to Barnard University (Year)1920Major at University 1Final DegreePhDYear of Marriage1928Growing Up In New Guinea Published (

5、Year) 2Field Study in the South Pacific (Age) 3Main Interest4Professorship at Columbia Started (Year) 5Death (Age)77Part B Directions:For questions 6 - 10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. Whileyou listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words

6、 for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside 6 the speakers home?One reporter got to the speakers apartment pretending to pay 7The speaker believed the re

7、porter wanted a picture of her looking 8Where is a correction to a false story usually placed? 9According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the 10 editors and the news directorsPart C Directions:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will

8、have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers.You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11 - 13 are based on a report about childrens healthy development. You now

9、 have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 - 13.11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?A How much exercise they get every day.B What they are most worried about.C How long their parents accompany them daily.D What entertainment they are interested in.12. The academ

10、y suggests that children under age twoA get enough entertainment.B have more activities.C receive early education.D have regular checkups.13. According to the report, childrens bedrooms shouldA be no place for play.B be near a common area.C have no TV sets.D have a computer for study.Questions 14 -

11、16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 - 16.14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?A Family debts.B Bank savings.C Monthly bills.D Spending habits.15. How much can a person save b

12、y retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit?A $190,000.B $330,000.C $500,000.D $ 1,000,000.16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?A Invest into a mutual fund.B Use the discount tickets.C Quit his eating-out habit.D Use only paper bills and save coin

13、s.Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A.Glieberman,domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20.17. Which word best describes the lawyers prediction of the change in divorce rate? AFall.B Rise.C V-shape.D Zigzag.18. What do people nowadays desire to

14、 do concerning their marriage?A To embrace changes of thought.B To adapt to the disintegrated family life.C To return to the practice in the 60s and 70s.D To create stability in their lives.19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?A They feared the complicated procedures.B They wan

15、ted to go against the trend.C They were afraid of losing face.D They were willing to stay together.20. Years ago a divorced man in a company would haveA been shifted around the country.B had difficulty being promoted.C enjoyed a happier life.D tasted little bitterness of disgrace.You now have 5 minu

16、tes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）National Entrance Test Of English for MA MS Candidates （2002）考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。2. 全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题（一）、试题（二）。3. 本试题为试题（二），共 11 页（ 5-15 页） ，含有英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作三个部分。英语知识运用、阅读理解 A节的答案必须用2B铅笔按要求直

17、接填涂在答题卡1上，如要改动， 必须用橡皮擦干净。阅读理解B 节和写作部分必须用蓝（黑） 圆珠笔在答题卡2 上答题，注意字迹清楚。4. 考试结束后，考生应将答题卡1、 答题卡 2 一并装入原试卷袋中，将试题 (一)、 试题 (二)交给监考人员。Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were d

18、rawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet muchhad happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic23 , following in the wake of the pamphl

19、et and the bookand in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. No

20、t everyone sees that process in 28. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 29, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately

21、32 .As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36.It was within the computer age that

22、 the term information society began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social andcultural implicatio

23、ns. Benefits have been weighed 40 harmfulgeneralizations have proved difficult.21. A betweenB beforelater22. A afterB byuntil23. A meansB methodmeasure24. A process form25. A gathered picked26. A on27. A of into28. A concept perspective29. A indeedB companyB speededB outB forB dimensionB henceC sinc

24、eC duringC mediumC lightC workedC overC beyondC effectC howeveroutcomes.AndDDDDDD offDDDtherefore30. A brought characterized31. A unless although32. A apparent plausible33. A institutional instrumental34. A ability faculty35. A by meansof with36. A deeper smaller37. A context territory38. A regarded

25、 effected39. A competitive irrational40. A aboveB followedC stimulatedDB sinceC lestDB desirableC negativeDB universalC fundamentalDB capabilityC capacityDB in terms ofC with regard to D in lineB fewerC nearerDB rangeC scopeDB impressedC influencedDB controversialC distractingDB uponC againstD withS

26、ection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experi

27、ences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whomyou are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a grou

28、p of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared t

29、he sameview of doctors. A manarrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by aman in

30、 a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. Who is that? the new arrival asked St. Peter. Oh, thats God, came the reply, but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position

31、 to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider mak

32、ing disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be onsafer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff rem

33、arks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the un

34、expected. A twist on a familiar quote If at first you dont succeed, give up or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.41. To make your humor work, you shoul

35、dA take advantage of different kinds of audience.B make fun of the disorganized people.C address different problems to different people.D show sympathy for your listeners.42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they areA impolite to new arrivals.B very conscious of their godl

36、ike role.C entitled to some privileges.D very busy even during lunch hours.43. It can be inferred from the text that public servicesA have benefited many people.B are the focus of public attention.C are an inappropriate subject for humor.D have often been the laughing stock.44. To achieve the desire

37、d result, humorous stories should be deliveredA in well-worded language.B as awkwardly as possible.C in exaggerated statements.D as casually as possible.45. The best title for the text may beA Use Humor Effectively.B Various Kinds of Humor.C Add Humor to Speech.D Different Humor Strategies.Text 2Sin

38、ce the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics-thescience of conferring various humancapabilities on machines. Andif scientists have yet to create the m

39、echanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed muchhuman labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our ban

40、king is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some ki

41、nds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few

42、 decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge. While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, we cant yet give a robot enough commonsense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. Indeed the quest for true artifici

43、al intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s whenit appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by deca

44、des if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are muchmore talented-and humanperception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a

45、fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.

46、 The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated inA the use of machines to produce science fiction.B the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C the inventi

47、on of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.47. The word gizmos (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably meansA programs.B experts.C devices.D creatures.48. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robotthat canA ful

48、fill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.B interact with human beings verbally.C have a little common sense.D respond independently to a changing world.49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also A make a few decisions for themselves.B deal with some errors with human intervention.C i

49、mprove factory environments.D cultivate human creativity.50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots areA expected to copy human brain in internal structure.B able to perceive abnormalities immediately.C far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.D best u

50、sed in a controlled environment. Text 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of

51、the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week whenIraq suspe

52、nded oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude o

53、il now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on

54、oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car product

55、ion. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies b

56、y only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies-to which heavy industry has shifted-have becomemore energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index