情态动词语法复习

1、高考英语语法专项复习学案2011-4-30助动词与情态动词(一)助动词有 be, have, do, will, sha。 它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形 式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构 成否定、疑问及加强语气等。/1、be (am, is, are, were, been)(I) “be + -ing”构成进行时态；(2)“ be +过去分词”构成被动语态；(3) “ be + 动词不定式"构成复合谓语：表示按计划 安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日 本。 用于命令。You

2、're to do your homework before you watch TW尔得做完了 作业才能看电视。2、have (has, had)“ have+过去分词”构成完成时 态。如：Have you seen the film ? (2)“ have been + -ing构成完成进行时态。如： What have you been doing these days?这些日子 你一直在干什么？3、do (does, did)(1) “do not +动词原形”构成行为动词 的否定式。如： His brother doesn tlike playing basket.； (2)

3、 “ Do + 主语 + 动词原 形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)“do + 动词 原形”用于肯定祈使句或陈述句中表示加强 语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn ' t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work.请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面 刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother toldme to go to bed early. So I did.4. will, shall (would, should)“ will (shall

4、+动词原形”构成一般将来 时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于 第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替 shll，如: We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.(二)情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或 状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需 要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词 没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动 词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动 词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其 疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否 定式。现

5、将各情态动词的基本用法分述如 下：1、can 和 could (could 为 can 的过 去式)的基本用法(1)表示能力，如：He can speakEnglish better than you. (2)在 疑问句和否定 句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”， 如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3) 表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如： You can (may) go home now. (4如果要表示 语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could 不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tom

6、orrow? (5)can和 be able to都可表 示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是 can只能有现在式和过去式，而 be able to 则有更多的形式，如： He will be able to do the work better.2、may和 might (might为 may 的过 去式)的基本用法(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可 以”之意，女口： You may use my dictionary在 回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某 事”时，一般多不用may或may not,以避 免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法 进行回答。女口：- May I use

7、this dictionary?-Yes, please.或 - Certainly. 在请求对 方许可时，如果Might I?就比用May I? 语气更婉转些，如： May I have a look at your new computer?但是表示“阻止”或“禁 止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not, 如：-May we swim in this lake?- No, you mustn' t. It ' s too dangerous.(2)may或might都可以表示可能性， 表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用 might 表示可能性，则语气更加不

8、肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now .3、must的基本用法(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式must not,缩写形式为 mustn't, 表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁 止”之意，女口： We must study hard and make progressevery day. You mustn't touch thefire.对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定 回答时，要用 needn't 或用 don't (doesn't) have to不 必)来回答，而不用

9、mustn't,因 为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可” 之意，如：-Must we finish the work tomorrow? - No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一 定”或"必定” 之意，女口： - Whose new bike can it be? - It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him

10、a new one.4、can, could, may, mus后接完成式的 用法(1)can, could后接完成式的用法：在 否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事 情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so?在肯定句中，可以表示过去 可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告” 或“责备”的语气。如：-When did you answer her letter? - Only yesterday.- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后

11、接完成式 的用法表示对过去某事的推测，认为某 一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用 might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如： Mary might have learned some Chinese before.可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，女口： You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must 后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推 测，认为某事在过去一定做到了，如：LiuDong isn ' in the classroo

12、m.He must have gone to the library.5、have to 的基本用法：have to和 must 的意义相近，只是must侧重表示说话人的 主观看法，而have to则表示客观需要，女口：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.6、ought to的基本用法(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做 某事，语气比should强，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表 示推测，注意与 must表示推测时的区别： He mu

13、st be home by now 断定他已到I家)， He ought to be home by now 不十分肯定),This is where the oil must be.比较直率), This is where the oil ought to be.(比较含 蓄)；(3) “ ought to+ have+ 过去分词”表 示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didn ' t) 这时，ought与should可以互相换用。注意， 在美国英语中ought to用于否定和疑问句 时to可以省略。例如：O

14、ught you smoke so much? You oughtn ' t smoke so much.7、dare的基本用法(l)dare (dared为其过去式)作情态动 词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从 句中，女口： Dared he break the traffic regulations again? (2在现代英语中 dare 常 用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相 同，如： She dares to stay at home alone at night.8 need的基本用法(1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否 定句和疑问句中，如： He needn&#

15、39;t worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词 用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其 后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词 不定式为其宾语。如： You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't 后接完 成式可以表示过去做了 一件本来不必要做 的事情，如：-Did you answer the letter yesterday? - Yes, I did. - But you needn' t have answered it.9、shall的基本用法(1)shall用作情态动

16、词时，用于第二、 三人称，表示说话人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意， 女口： He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称， 表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示， 如：Shall I open the door?10、should的基本用法(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建 议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other. (2)should 后 接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的 事情，或是做了本来不

17、应该做的事情。如： You should have give him more help.11、will的基本用法(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意愿”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2在疑 问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提 出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will youplease tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的 动作或事物的特性，有“总是”或“会要” 之意，女口： E

18、very morning he will have a walk along this river.12、would的基本用法(1)would作为will的过去式，可用 于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决 心”，如： He promised he would never smoke again.在疑问句中，用于第二人 称，表示说话人向对方提岀请求或许问对方 的意愿时，比用 will的气更加婉转，如： Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日 常生活中，学用“ I would like to”表示“我 想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转， 女如: I w

19、ould like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would可 以表示过去的习惯动作，比 used to正式， 并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Lastyear our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如如: It would be about ten when he left home/ What would she be doing there

20、?/ I thought he would have told you about it.13、used to, had better, would rathe的 用法(1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态， 现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不 变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young.在疑问句、否定句、否 定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问 句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother?否定句：I usedn&#

21、39; t to / didn ' t use to go there. (usedn 也可写作usen' t)否定疑问句：Usen t you to/ Didn' you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago; 其反 意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didn ' she?/ use(d)n ' t she? Did you u

22、se to play chess? Yes, I did./Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.(2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带 to 的不定式，例如：-We had better go now . - Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Had" twe better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think I' d bettbe going.用于进行时态，

23、表“最好立即” ” You had better have done that (用于完成时 态，表未完成动作)注：had better用于同(3)would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择， 后接不带to的不定式，例如：I ' d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ - Wouldn tyou rather stay here? - No, I would not. I ' d rather go th由re. 于 would rather表选择，因 而后可接than， 例如：I would

24、 rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I' d rather you didn ' t talk aboutto anyone.(句中的d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）情态动词基础训练1. -Shall I tell John about it

25、?-No, you. I ' ve told him already.A. needn ' t B. wouldn ' t C. mustn ' t D. shouldn ' t2. -There were already five people in the car, but man aged to take me as well.-Ita comfortable journ ey.A. can ' t be B. shouldn ' t be C. mustn ' t have beenD. couldn' t hav

26、e been3. -Why didn ' t you come to see me?-I, but I was too busy yesterday.A. like toB. should like to C. would like to haveD. am going to4. You can ' t imagine that a -belhaved gentlemanbe so rude to a lady.A. mightB. needC. shouldD. would5. There was ple nty of time; she.A. mustn ' t h

27、ave hurriedB. needn ' t haveriedC. may not have hurriedD. wouldn ' t have hurried6. -Is Joh n coming by air?-He should, butnot. He likes tak ing trains.A. mustB. canC. needD. may7. -it be Li Ping who broke the glass?-No. Itbe Wang Hai who did it.D. Can; mustA. Could; mayB. Can; can C. May; m

28、ust8. When the old man was alive, hesit for hours at the door.A. wouldB. couldC. mustD. might9. Jack, youplay with the knife; youhurt yourself.A. won ' t; can ' B . mustn ' t; mayC. shouldn ' t; must10. I ' ve decided to take the job and Ichange my mind.A. mustn ' tB. can 

29、9; tC. won ' tD. can ' t; shouldD. may not11. Sheinto the thick forest alone on such a dark ni ghtA. dares not goB. dares not to go C. dare not to goD. doesn ' t dare to go12. My pare nts n ever remember my teleph one nu mber, and they alwayslook it up.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. have to13.

30、 -Where is Jack? I can ' t find him any where.-Hehis homework upstairs.A. might have done B. must have done C. might be doing D. must do14. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have give n B. might give C. may have give nD. may give15. -If he, hethat food.-Luckily he was sent t

31、o the hospital immediately.A. was warn ed; would not takeB. had bee n warn ed; would not have take nC. would be warn ed; had not take nD. would have bee n warn ed; had not take n16. -1 hear you've got a set of valuable Australia n coins.I have a look ?-Yes, certainly. (2002 春招)A. DoB. May C. Sha

32、ll D. Should17. When can I come for the photos? I n eed them tomorrow after noon. (NMET98)Theybe ready by 12:00.A. canB. should C. mightD. n eed18. Isuch a mistake aga in.A. will n ever makeB. shall n ever makeC. can n ever doD. n eed n ever do19. He bega n to write two hours ago. Hehave fini shed t

33、he article now.A. mustB. oughtC. wouldD. had to20. Look ing at my determ ined face, the big boypick up the fight.A. dares not B. dare notC. does n't dareD. dares not to情态动词强化训练1. Can I pay the bill by check?Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that paymentbe made in cash.A. sh

34、allB. needC. willD. can2. -Must I renew the book now?-No, you. Youthat before the deadli ne.A. must n't; should doB. n eed n ' t; should have doneC. may not; should doD. can't; should have donebe any difficulty for you to find3. It ' s said that there are plenty of hotels in that tow

35、n. Theresomewhere to stay.A. wouldn ' t B. mustn ' tC. shouldn ' t D. needn 't4. A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railwaystatio n.A . shouldB. canC. mustD . will5. Theyus willi ngly but that they happe ned to be short of han ds, to

36、o.A. would help B. would have helped C. were going to help D. must have helped6. Shall we in vite Mr. White to our weddi ng?That ' ll be nice if y .A . doB. shallC . wantD . should7. The doorope n, no matter how hard Gran dma pushed.A. wouldn ' tB. couldn ' tC. mightn ' t D. shouldn

37、' t8. It ' s said that there are plenty of hotels in Wu Yi Shan. Therebe any difficulty for you to findsomewhere to stay.A. wouldn 'tB. mustn 'tC. shouldn 't D. needn 't9. Helenthe money from the office. She did n't come into the office on the day it was stole n.A. needn&

38、#39;t have stolen B. might have taken C. must have taken D. can't have stolen10. Being examined twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, it is the rule that every driverobey in this city.A. shallB. canC. has to D. need11. As to the question of whether we will sell our house or who

39、we shall sell the house to, you have an an swer by tomorrow.A. willB. shallC. couldD. must12. John was a little annoying, and hechoose the day I had friends coming, to start paintingthe bathroom.A. mightB. shouldC. mustD. could13. -1 can ' t find my dicti on ary.-Youit in the classroom.A. must l

40、eaveB. must forget C. must have forgotte nD. must have left14. You should have told me there was no class today. Iall the way here through the heavy rain.A. must n't have runB. n eed n't have runC. should n't have runD. can't have run情态动词高考题2007年高考1. How' s yourOur around the Nor

41、th Lake? Is it beautiful?Itbe, but it is now heavily polluted. （全国卷 I）A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must2. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. （上海卷）Great! Youread widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have3. The teacherhave thought Joh nson was worth it or s

42、he would n't have wasted time on him, Isuppose.（安徽卷）A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. must4. In crowded places like airports and railway stati ons, youtake care of your luggage.（北京卷）A. canB. mayC. mustD. will5. My MP4 player isn ' t in my bag. Where I have put it?（福建卷）A. canB. mustC. shouldD. would6

43、. The biggest problem for most pla nts, whichjust get up and run away whe n threate ned, isthat ani mals like to eat them. （湖南卷）A. shan ' tB. can ' tC. needn ' tD. mustn ' t7. She looks very happy. Shehave passed the exam.（江苏卷）I guess so. It ' s not difficult after all.A. should

44、B. couldC. mustD. might8. Where is my dictio nary? I remember I put it here yesterday.Youit in the wrong place.（江西卷）A. must putB. should have putC .might putD. might have put9. Turn off the TV, Jack.your homework now?Mum, just ten more minu tes, please.（辽宁卷）A. Should you be doingB. Should n't yo

45、u be doingC. Could n't you be doingD. Will you be doing10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her their.（陕西卷）A. couldB. mustC. mightD. should11. The boss has give n every one a special holiday, so wego to work tomorrow. （上海春）A . can 'tB . mustn ' tC. ne

46、edn 'tD . shouldn 't12. 一 What does the sign over there read?一 “ No personsmoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. （四川卷）A. willB. may C . shallD. must13. My cat ' s really fat.Youhave give n her so much food. （浙江卷）A. wouldn ' tB. couldn ' tC. shouldn '

47、tD. mustn ' t14. What do you think we can do for our aged pare nts?Youdo anything except to be with them and be yourself.（重庆卷）A. don ' t have toB. oughtn ' t toC. mustn ' tD. can 't2008年高考1. It is usually warm in my hometow n in March, but itbe rather cold sometime.（福建卷）A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would2. You don ' t have to know the name of the author to find a book. Youfind the book by the title.（湖南卷）A. mustB. needC. canD. would3. I ' m sorry. Iat you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of con trol myself.（江苏卷）A. shouldn' t shoutB. shouldn