第二讲：名词性从句

1、名词性重要引导词引导词thatwhether/if(是否 )主语从句宾语从句作及物动词宾语一般不省略可以省略放于句首时用 whether/if只用均可，但有whether区别表语从句同位语从句作介宾短语一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略只用只用只用whetherwhetherwhether特特殊疑问词（ which, what, who, when, where, why, how）引导的名词殊疑问词性从句中，注意要用陈述语序。一，That 从句(一)主语从句That 从句做主语时，常用it 作形式主语，常见的句型有：1.It +be+形容词（ obvious, true, natural, su

2、rprising, good, wonderful,funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc）+that从句。例如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam.她在考试中一定会发挥出色。It is probable that he will tell her everything.他可能会告诉她所有事情。练：很明显，他在森林里迷路了。2.It +be + 名词词组（ no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.

3、） +that 从句。例如： It is a pity that we cantgo. 我们不能去很可惜。It s no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队已经赢得这场比赛并不奇怪。练：毫无疑问，中国是世界第一人口大国。3. It+be+ 过去分词（ said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc. ） +that 从句。例如：It ssaid that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到达北京了。It

4、 is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.经决定，会议已经推迟到下周一了。练：据报道，李娜赢了这场比赛。（二）、宾语从句常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover,believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如 think, make, consider等，可以用 it 作形式宾语。例如：Do you know (that) he has joined

5、 the army?你知道他参军了吗？We think it highly probable that he is dead.我们认为他很可能已经死了。We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他应当改进发音我们认为这是必要的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他是不会屈服的，这一点已经明确表示了。练：我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.（三）、表语从句That引导，表语从句时，不可省略。如：

6、 My decision is that all of us are to start at 6oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早晨六点出发。（四）、同位语从句连词 that引导同位语从句时，应当放在某些抽象名词，如（fact, hope, desire,thought, suggestion news, idea, problem, possibility等 ）之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用， that 只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何的成分，但不能省略，如：There s a feeling in me that wellmeet a

7、gain.二、 whether/if(是否 )（一）、 1 、在表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether不用 if.如： The problem is whether the meeting will be given.问题是会议是否举行。I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.我不知道会议是否会举行。2 、当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用 if.Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.会议是否会举行还是个问题。3 、当 it 做形式主语时，主语从句放在

8、句末时用whether/if都可以。It is still a problem whether/if the meeting will be given.会议是否会举行还是个问题。4 、 discuss后接宾语从句时，必须用whether而不用 if 。They are discussing whether the meeting will be given.他们正在讨论会议是否会举行。5. 从句后有“ or not时”，只能用whether.I wonder whether he will come or not.6.后接动词不定式 时。Can you tell me whether to

9、go or to stay?（二）在介词后面只用whether不用 if 。如： It depends on whether you can do the work well.问题在于你是否能把这项工作做好。三、特殊疑问词（一）主语从句特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it 作形式主语。如： It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。It has not been decided yet who will preside the meeting.由谁来主持会会议，还没确定。（二）宾语从句1.能接特殊疑问词引

10、导宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know,decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand,inform, advise. 等。如： I can timagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是怎么样做这件事的。They couldn tunderstand why I confused that invitation.他们不明白我为什么拒绝那个邀请。2.作介词宾语。如:It all depends on how we solve

11、the problem.这完全要看我们怎么解决这个问题。We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。（三）表语从句The problem is where we should stay.问题是我们应该呆在哪？（四）同位语从句My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.我如何能和他取得联系的问题没有得到答复。四、 wh-everWhatever he likes will be given to him.他喜欢的所有东西都讲给他

12、。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.无论谁干了这项工作一定要得到报酬。She will give whoever needs a warm support. 凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的帮助。I llcall the baby whatever name you like.你喜欢什么名字，我就叫宝宝什么名字。说明： wh-ever 即可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句如： No matter what happened, he would not mind.(让步状语从句)Whatev

13、er I said, he wouldntlisten to me.(让步状语从句)I dontmind whatever happened. (宾语从句)Whatever you say is of no use now.(主语从句)五、 as if/as though, because, why也可以引导表语从句。如： 1.It looked as if it was going to rain.2. Thatsbecause he didntwork hard enough.3. That was why I asked for three daysleave.注意：because引导的

14、表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause,而且since, as不能引导表语从句真题再现1. It is by no means clear_ the president can do to end the strike.2. The limits of a person s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches this limits will depends on his environment,3. Jerry did not regret giving the comment bu

15、t felt _ he could have expressed it differently.4. We promised _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.5. The notice came around two in the afternoon_ the meeting would be postponed.6. The newcomer went to the library the other day and search for _ he could find about

16、Mark Twain.7. I made a promise to myself_this year, my first year in high school, would be different.8. It suddenly occurred to him _he had left his keys in the office.9. Scientists study_ human brains work to work to work to make computers.10. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free

17、to choose _ suits you best.11. _Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.12. The shocking news made me realize_ terrible problems we would face.13. There is clear evidence_the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain14. The massage you intend to convey through wards

18、 may be the exact opposite of_ others actually understand.15. Modern science has given clear _the man hadn sooner.treported the accident16. I m afraid he smore of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.17. Weve offered her a job, but I dontknow_ shell accept it.18. His writing i

19、s so confusing that it sdifficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.19. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _we do and who we are if wewant to success.20. We haven tdiscussed yet_ we are going to place our new furniture.21. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David

20、 Copperfield, was_it was rather closely modeled on his own life.22. As a new graduate, he doesn tknow _ it takes to start a business here23. One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.24. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ m

21、y kids will need for thecoming season.25. It is uncertain_ side effect the medicine will bring about, although anout two thousand patients have taken it.26. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. On one in the office knew_ she was so angry.27. How much on enjoys himself traveling depends on _ he goes with, whether his friend or rela