第二部分第六讲情态动词和虚拟语气.

1、第六讲 情态动词和虚拟语气, 学生用书 P276)、情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句must(1)表示禁止 ( 用于否定 句 ) 。You mustn't park here！ It's an emergency exit.(2)表必要性，意为“必 须”。 Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now？ I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.(3)表示偏执， 固执， 意 为 “非得，偏要 ”。If you must go， a

2、t least wait until the storm is over.can 和 could(1)表示 “能力 ” 。No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh，you are really his big fan.(2)表示惊讶， 常用在否 定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing？(3)表示礼貌地请求别 人做某事，意为 “ 能， 可以 ”。 This dish is really delicious. Could you please say it in Ch

3、inese ？ Sure，we call it “ doufu ”(4)cannot.too/ enough 表示 “ 无 论 , 也不过分 ” ； “ 越, 越好 ” 。You can't be too careful while driving.shall(1)用于第一、 第三人称 疑问句中， 表示说话人 征求对方的意见和向 对方请示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper？(2)用于第二、 第三人称 陈述句中， 表示说话人 给对方的命令、警告、 允诺或威胁。 Will you read me a story ， Mummy ？ OK.You

4、shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.may 和 might(1)may 和 might 表示 “许可”、“可能 性”、“祝愿”等意 义。 May I take this book out of the reading room ？ No， you mustn 't.You must read it in here.(2)“ may as well 动词 原形 ” 意为 “最好， 倒 不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high ， you may as well buy

5、some pork.It depends on you.will 和 would(1)表示意志、 意愿和决 心。 Why didn 't you come to Simon 's party last night ？ I wanted to ，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. I have told him again and again to stop smoking ， but he will not listen.(2)will 可以表示一种 习惯的动作，有 “ 总 是”或“总要”之意。Eve

6、ry morning he will have a walk along this river.(3)would 可以表示过 去的习惯动作， 比 used to 正式，但没有 “现已 无此习惯 ” 的含义。When we worked in the same firm several years ago， we would often go to the cinema together.、情态动词表推测情态动词用法例句mustmust 表示推测时只能用于肯定 句中，意为 “一定， 必定”，表 示十分肯定的语气 (在疑问句中 或否定句中要用 can/could) 。 It's the o

7、ffice！So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh， sorry.can(1)can 用于肯定句中表示客观 的可能性，意为 “有时会 ”； (2)用于疑问句中可以表示推 测，意为“可能 ”，有时表示一 种惊讶的语气； (3)用于否定句中也可以表示推 测，can't意为 “不可能 ”，语 气很强烈。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March ，but it can be rather cold sometimes. Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How

8、 can it be that he was late for the meeting ？ （2013·高考安徽卷 ）It couldn't be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.may/ might(1)may/might 用于肯定句中可以 用来表示不十分肯定的推测， 意 为“有可能”；（2013 ·高考北京卷 ） You needn'ttake an umbrella.It isn 't going

9、(2)用于否定句中也可以表示推 测，may not意为“可能不 ”， 表示一种不太确定的语气。to rain. Well ，I don't know.It might do.shouldshould 用来表示推测时意为 “应该”，即含有 “按道理来说 应当如此 ”的意思。There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.、情态动词 have done情态动词 have done用法例句must hav

10、e done表示对过去已经发生的 行为进行推测， 意为“ 一 定做了某事 ”。Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为 的推测，意为 “也许 /或 许已经 (没有 ), ” 。一 般用于肯定句或否定句 中。Sorry ，I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.can.have done/ca

11、nnot have done表示对过去发生的行为 的怀疑和不肯定，通常 用在否定句和疑问句 中。(can 换成 could 时语 气较委婉 ) I can 't find him anywhere.Where can he have gone？ The boy can ' t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done本来能够而没有做（2014 高·考福建卷 ）He could have gone on regrettin

12、g it, as too many of us do.might have done表示本来可能 , ，但 实际上没有发生的事 情。You should not swim in that sea.You might have been eaten by a shark.should/ought to have done(1)用于肯定句时，表示 本该做某事而实际上未 做；(2)用于否定句时，则表 示不该做的事反而做 了。 You shouldn't have done it so carelessly. You ought to have returned the book earlie

13、r. You ought not to have refused his offer.needn't have done表示做了本来不必去做 的事，“没必要做而做 了”。温馨提醒 didn 't You needn' thave brought the book because Tom has one here. I didn ' tneed to buy theneed to do 表示 “ 没必要 做而实际上也没有做某 事”。dictionary.I had a copy at home.if 条件从句中的虚拟语气类别用法例句if 引导的条 件从句与现 在事

14、 实相 反从句谓语动词：过去 式 (be 用 were) 主句谓语动词： should/would/could/mi ght动词原形Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.与过 去事 实相 反从句谓语动词： had 过去分词 主句谓语动词： should/would/could/mi ght have过去分词If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.与将 来事 实相 反从句谓

15、语动词：过去 式 /were 不定式 /should动词原形 主句谓语动词： should/would/could/mi ght动词原形Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn 't be able to see her parents very often.if 引导的条 件从句的倒 装如果在表示虚拟语气的条件 句中含有 were，had 或 should ， 可将 if 省略，然后将 were， had 或 should 移至

16、主语之前。Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded.( If we had made a great effort.)混合条 件句的 虚拟语 气有时条件句的动作与主句动 作发生的时间不一致， 这时动 词的形式应根据它们表示的 时间加以调整。(2013 高·考天津卷 )If he had spent more time practising speaking English before ， he would be able to speak it much better now.、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用类别用法例句宾语

17、 从句demand，suggest，order，insist 后接的从句中动词为 “ (should )动词原形 ” 。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.wish 后的从句中的谓语可用 How much of the foreign一般过去时、过去完成时和 should/would 动词原形，它 们分别表示与现在、 过去和将 来情况相反。expert's speech have you understood？ Next to

18、 nothing.I wish I had worked harder at English.主语 从句在 “ It is necessary/important/strange/su ggested/demanded/ordered/req uested that 从句 ”中，从句 中的谓语动词用 should 动 词原形。 It is strange that such a person should be our friend. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.表语 从句 和同 位语

19、从句在 suggestion，proposal，order ， plan， idea， request， advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位 语从句中要用虚拟语气， 其构 成是 “ should动词原形 ” ， should 可以省略。 My idea is that we ( should) think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for a visit. （2013 ·高考浙江卷 ）Eye doctors recommend

20、 that a child ' fisrst eye exam be at the age of six months old.眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。 （2013 ·高考陕西卷 ）My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend. 我妈妈建议这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味。三、其他句型中的虚拟语气类别用法例句It' s time that.It is （high） time（that） .句型中谓语动词用一 般过去时或 should动词原 形。Jack is

21、a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.would ratherwould rather 所接的从句中的 谓语动词用一般过去时 （对现 在虚拟 ）或者过去完成时 （对 过去虚拟 ）。I would rather you stayed at home now.if onlyif only 后面的谓语动词常用 一般过去时 （对现在虚拟 ）、过 去完成时 （对过去虚拟 ）与过 去将来时 （对将来虚拟 ），表示 强烈的愿望。If only our dream h

22、ad come true！as ifas if 引导的状语从句中动词 可以用过去时或过去完成时 表示虚拟。Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise， but ，or，without ，but for 等来引导。 I would have come sooner but I didn ' ktnow that they were waiting for me. 我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。 （2015 ·杭州五校联考 ）

23、But for your timely warning ， we would have got into great trouble.要不是你及时警告，我们也许已经陷入麻烦中了。 Well ， you know we ' re friends.好了，你知道我们是朋友啊。, 学生用书 P274） .从下面方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空can； could ； may； might ； must； shall； should； will ； would ； need 1 （2014 高·考湖南卷 ） I ' vperepared all kinds of food for

24、the picnic. Do you mean we （not） bring anything with us?答案： needn't2 （2014 ·高考大纲全国卷 ）Although you find bargains in London ，it'snot generally a cheap place to shop.答案： can3 （2014 高·考重庆卷 ）I ' veordered some pizza， so we （not） worry aboutcooking when we get home tired.答案： needn

25、9;t4 （2013 高·考江西卷 ）When I was a child ， I watch TV whenever I wanted to.答案： could5（2013 ·高考湖南卷 ）He （not） sleep ，although he tried to ，when he got on sucha hunt for an idea until he had caught it.答案： couldn 't6 We can't imagine that two children be killed by the washing machine ofth

26、eir house!答案： should7 They （not） have arrived already. How can you be so sure? It ' osnly a few minutes ' ride. 答案： can't8 Has your friend passed the test? Sorry ， I ' m not sure.He have.I haven' hteard from him for two weeks.答案： might9 The deadline is drawing ， but I failed to c

27、hallenge the task a third time. my brother have a try?答案： Shall10 Jack， look! Everybody is doing homework quietly. you make a noise inclass?答案： Must11 Who it be that left the door unlocked? It might be Mike.He is always forgetting things. 答案： could12When you arrive at the front door ，you won 't

28、need a key because the door open with a touch of your finger.答案： will13 School is over.How can we contact Robert? Try phoning him.He be home by now.He lives only a stone ' tshrow from theschool.答案： should14. Has Peter started out？He said he would go hiking with us. He have started.He is a man of

29、 his word.答案： must15When I was little and something awful was happening ，my mum tell me toclose my eyes.答案： would16 Jack is thirty minutes late.What have happened to him? I ' m not sure.He may have missed the bus. 答案： can17 Miss Smith be working now ， for the lights in her office are still on.答案

30、： must18 Kate， where is Jim these days? He asked for a sick leave the other day.He stay in hospital.答案： might19I know you 're busy，but this be an excuse for not going back home to seeyour parents?答案： can20 The taxi driver is to blame for the serious accident. I can' t agree more.He (not)have

31、 drunk.答案： shouldn 't.用所给动词的虚拟语气形式填空1 (2014 高·考湖南卷 )If Mr.Dewey (be) present ， he would have offered anypossible assistance to the people there.答案： had been2 (2014 高·考福建卷 )(be)there no modern telecommunications ，we wouldhave to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.答案： Were3

32、 (2014 ·高考浙江卷 )They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation ， or they (come) to our help.答案： would have come4 (2014 ·高考陕西卷 )We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us ，but it is her choice ， and she is not a child any longer. 答案： stayed5 (2014 高&#

33、183;考安徽卷 )People are recycling many things which they (throw)away in the past.答案： would have thrown6 (2013 高·考安徽卷 )I (go)to my cousin ' bisrthday party last night ，but I wasnot available.答案： would have gone7 With all his money ，he (worry) about a little thing like 5 cents!答案： should worry8H

34、e hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball ； otherwise he (score) agoal.答案： would have scored9 (2013 高·考福建卷 ) Do you think George has passed the driving test? No.If so ， he (drive) his car to our college yesterday.答案： would have driven10 (be)it to rain tomorrow ， our picnic would be cance

35、led.答案： Were11If he had spent more time learning maths before ，he (be) able to make bettergrades now.答案： would be12I would rather (go) to work after my graduation ，but my father would ratherI (go) abroad for further education.答案： go； went13 The upset mother thought to herself ，“ If only I (know) wha

36、t ' gsoing on inmy little boy ' hsead right now. ”答案： knew14 What a pity ！ The bus has just left. Oh ， if only I (come) to the stop five minutes earlier.答案： had come15 It is required that the new employees(provide) safety training before theystart to work.答案： (should) be provided16 The thief

37、 pretended as if he (know) nothing about the theft.答案： had known17The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise (spend)on the agency responsible for finding your pets.答案： would have spent18 Our teachers often suggest we (take) it easy when facing any difficulty.答案： (should) take1

38、9 How sad when I heard about it ！ If he (face) life with the courage in thepast， he would be a good kid now.答案： had faced20 I know you insisted that something (do) ， because you said so firmly andrefused to give in. 答案： (should) be done .语篇填空 用适当的情态动词完成下列短文。Miss Fang 1.(not) read for very long with

39、getting a headache.Her mother toldher that she 2. go to the Health Service and see a doctor. “ You 3. seea doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“ You 4. need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time ，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5. see her at 3： 30 pm.Miss

40、Fang replied that she 6. not be able to be there at 3 ： 30 because she had aclass then.“The doctor 7.take you at about ten to four ，” the appointment clerksuggested.“ 8. I put you down for ten to four ， or 9. you rather cometomorrow ？”Miss Fang thought she 10.(not) waste any more time.The teacher11.

41、 be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early ， as he wasalways so kind to everyone.And she replied ，“ I think I 12. make it at ten to four.Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“13. I leave at 3：35 today?I 14. have an eye examination. ” As expected，the teache

42、r said，“ Yes，of course you15.答案： 1.couldnt2.should 3.should6 would 7.might 8.Shall 9.would14.must 15.can .语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容4.might 5.could10.shouldn '1t1.shouldn 't12.can 13.May/Can(不多于 3个单词 )或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever been outside in a windstorm? You try to walk forward ，but the wind is 1.(extreme) strong.You 're pushed to the side by the wind.In fact ， you' re nearlyblown away by its 2.(powerful) Many objects can be blown