英汉翻译讲义-第三章-怎样理解原文

1、III. 英汉翻译原理第三讲英汉翻译原理第三讲怎样理解原文？ For some people hope dies slowly. 对有些人来说，希望不会轻易破灭。 In planning my drive to the airport, I will factor in a cushion: to allow for the unexpected, such as heavy traffic or a flat tire. 我在安排开车前往机场时，总会考虑留一点时间，以防路上遇到交通堵塞或者轮胎漏气等意外情况。 The blue in his fine eyes seemed to precl

2、ude his being a Syrian, but there was an encouraging curve in his nostrils. 看他那双蓝眼睛，他似乎不可能是叙利亚人，但看他鼻子的曲线，却又使人觉得他很有可能是的。美国语言教学家Wilga M. Rivers 理解中要掌握三个层次的意义，即词语意义、语法或结构意义以及社会和文化意义（the three levels of meaning: lexical meaning, structural or grammatical meaning, and social-cultural meaning） aborigine/土

3、著/原住民 少数民族德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss Translating requires the syntactic, semantic, stylistic and text-pragmatic comprehension by the translator of the original texts.（翻译过程要求译者在句法、语义、文体和语篇语用各方面对原文的进行理解。） my opinion:同时，要从文化层面予以理解。一、要结合上下文语境进行理解： The financial implications of this resolution remain to be defi

4、ned. 本决议所涉及的财政问题尚待确定。 本决议对财政工作的意义尚待阐明。 The tyrants might array their cruelty, but the people would oppose their bravery. 暴君恣意肆虐，人民则奋勇反抗。 Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances. 管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的

5、种种现实，诸如就业的模式不断变化 包括外购、重组等现象的猛增。 管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如企业用工方式的不断变化 包括大幅度增加外包业务和代工工厂。 Sophisticated man Sophisticated woman Sophisticated columnist Sophisticated electronic device Sophisticated weapon He was badly wounded in the head. You should use your head a bit. He has a good head for mathematics.

6、 The dinner cost us five dollars a head. He was standing at the head of the staircase. Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries. Heads or tails? Where is the head? Run across/run away/run down Run into/run out/ Run oil/run for presidency/run the risk of/run a fever T

7、he street runs north. The news runs rapidly in the town. The idea runs in his mind.二、要通过吃透词语含义进行理解： While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men. 虽然许多女人对与他人亲密无间，分享秘密感到舒坦，而男人却经常刻求在与其他男人的关系中表达感情。 许多女人对亲密相处

8、、互吐隐秘感到心安理得，而男人要对其他男人表露情感却非易事。 The school bully threatened Martin with a thick ear. 学校的小霸王打了马丁一个耳光以此作为威胁。 学校的小霸王扬言要打马丁的耳光。 The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence. 计算机将可能使人类熟练掌握技术产生惊人的飞跃，他推

9、倒了理论和实践之间的隔墙。 计算机使人类的能力有可能发生巨大的飞跃；它拓展了人类从事实践工作甚至理论工作的智慧。 I would like to personally invite you I would like to personally invite you to join us at the Executive to join us at the Executive BriefingBriefing Center for a collaborative discussion Center for a collaborative discussion of how technology

10、can of how technology can positionposition your your company for future pany for future success. 我诚邀阁下莅临我们的思科客户访问中心，我诚邀阁下莅临我们的思科客户访问中心，一起探讨如何有效地应用技术，共同打造一起探讨如何有效地应用技术，共同打造一个辉煌的明天。一个辉煌的明天。三、要理解词语不同用法时的不同含义 They were distressful memories to her. 它们都是她感到悲伤的回忆。 这些都是勾起她痛苦回忆的往事。 Anyone who doubts that glo

11、bal financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the tigers of the Far East. 任何认为全球金融市场未必能左右国民经济的人，只须环视一下笼罩着远东“四小龙”的那场金融危机。 无论是谁，如果认为世界各国金融市场未必能控制各国经济，只须看一看远东地区的“四小龙”所面临的这场金融危机就明白了。 Concerned farmers are building terraces on hilly fields, rotating their crops, and

12、 using new plowing methods to cut soil losses significantly. 关注事态的农民们在山地上修造梯田，实行轮作，并采用新法耕作以大幅度减少土壤流失。四、要明确词语的具体指代进行理解： Fifty cases of woolen sweaters were shipped from Shanghai to New York. They were products of the citys first joint venture. Owing to a storm at sea, some of the cargo got stained by

13、 seawater. However, the goods duly arrived yesterday. 有50箱羊毛衫从上海发往纽约。这些羊毛衫是上海首家合资企业的产品。由于海上遇到风暴，其中一部分遭到海水污损，但这批货物已于昨天按时运抵。五、要注意省略和替代部分的理解 Has he sold his collection yet? He has some of the paintings; Im not sure about the rest. “他的藏画全都卖了吗？” “他有一些画，其他的我说不准。” “他的藏画全都卖了吗？” “有一部分画他已经卖了，其他的我说不准。” You hav

14、e acted as if you do; but I dont think you do. 你装出好象很喜欢我的样子，可我觉得你并不喜欢我。 We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But its more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled. 我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错误。但是，我们觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今感到有权利犯错误。六

15、、要理解原文语句的内部关系： Go to hell! You report what I have done to the authorities. 去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我对他们的不敬吧！ 去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我的所作所为好啦！ Derek fancies himself as a ladies man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking. 德里克自以为是讨女人喜欢的人，可是为了讨我喜欢，他却花很多时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。 德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么

16、多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。 The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language. 现在太阳从英国国旗上有规则地落下，但是英语却不是这种情况。 现在英国国旗上照到的阳光日益减少，但英语却不是这种情况。 现在，英国已不再是个“日不落”的国家了，但是英语却还是在广泛地流行使用。 （Union Jack英国国旗）七、要理解特殊语言现象的特殊含义： John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since h

17、e was a high school teacher in Washington. 约翰现在同父母一起住在纽约；他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三年了。 She didnt attend the meeting because she wanted to. 她去开会并不是她自己想去。 As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its act

18、ivity. 作为居住之处，这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地，却是非常理想的。它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动。 If I am getting a free ride, how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift? 如果我是免费乘车的话，我上完一次班回家后怎么会那么累呢？ 如果我上班偷闲的话，我下班回家怎么会那么累呢？ I am sorry I was a little short with you just now. I dont feel myself today. 如果我刚才陪你的时间短了一些

19、的话，我很抱歉。今天我自己也没有感觉到。 刚才对你态度不好，我很抱歉。今天我身体有点不舒服。excrcises He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his word after losing several games. There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by study

20、ing the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. The investigations were temporarily tabled due to more pressing business. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive. If we could consider placing ourselves in other peoples shoes,

21、 we could teach ourselves how damaging it is to assume anything about anyone. Next door, a large-than-expected audience of 300 attended the International Conference on Laser Atmospheric Studies, which will be covered separately next month. Two of the largest and most powerful nations of the world have since 1950 lived in isolated ignorance of one another and mutual fear and hate. At the meeting, Johnson was very critical of Smiths record, but s