形容词和副词的用法

1、形容词和副词的用法、形容词1、形容词可分为两大类： 描绘形容词和限定形容词。描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关系等。除了 these和those夕卜，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。描绘形容词限定形容词Beautiful, large, red,基数词(one,two)序数词(first,second)interesting, colourful物主代词(my,your)指示代词(this,that,these)important数量词(few,many)冠词(a, an, the)2、形容词的位置修饰语一般应置于被修饰语

2、之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般如下:形容词型代词T数量词T描绘形容词all boththe,a(n) this,thatfirstone性质尺寸形状新旧温度颜色国籍材料goodlargecoldredChineseironsuchYo ur,some, manysecondtwoFinesmallhotblueEnglishstoneExample: that stro ng young Chin ese swimmer注意：形容词前有 as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后。She is too ki nd a girl to refus

3、e.在下列情况下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后:a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long(2 )为了加强语气或音调美，将描绘形容词置于名词之后。He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.(3) something, anything,everyone, anybody+ 形容词。There s nothing wrong with the electric cooker.(4 )作定语用的分词或形容词短语The judge has talked to all the peopl

4、e in volved.3、数词+名词”构成的形容词(1) 数词 + 名词，女口a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。(2) 数词+名词+形容词，如a seve n-year-old boy 等。(3) 名词(无冠词)+基数词 =the +序数词+名词，如Unite 6=the Sixth Unite(4) 数量词+复数名词”作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单数动词，作为一个 单位来表示。如果强调个别数，则须用复数动词。Ten years is quite a long time to him.Two mon ths have passed since I l

5、ast heard from my pare nts.二、副词1、副词的构成如下：(1) 本身就是副词，如very, now, there, quite 等.(2 )有形容词后缀如-ly,如happily, carefully 等。(3 )有些副词与形容词同行，如early, high, lo ng, fast, hard 等。注意：有些-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如manly, friendly, queenly等。2、副词的位置(1) 修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如The scenery around here is very beautiful.(2) always,

6、never, often, sometimes, ususlly等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be动词后，有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。He usually gets up early, but he got up late today.I have n ever met him and I hope I will n ever meet him.(3) 有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时，其顺序为地点(小地点+大地点状态t次数t时间(单位小的时间+单位大的时间)。They arrived in Paris safely the other day.(4) seldom, rarely, n

7、ever等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或be动词须放在主语的前面(也叫倒装句)，如Never did I hear such a funny story=I n ever heard such a funny story.3、几个特殊副词的用法(1) enough须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后；too须置于所修饰的形容词和副词 之前She speaks En glish well eno ugh to be an in terpreter.It ,s too hot a day to work.但eno ugh修饰名词时须置于名词之前.Have you got eno ugh mo

8、ney for this microwave oven?(2) too(for +不定式(to)，作 太而不能解；enough +不定式，意思是足够可以”这一结构可转换成sothat结构。The boy was still too young to go to school.t He was so young that he could not go to school.The man is rich eno ugh to buy a Roll-Royce.t He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce.already用于肯定句，作 已经”解；yet用

9、于否定句，作 还”解，用于疑问句作 已经” 解，still作仍然”解。I have already see n film.Have you see n the film yet?I still prefer tea to coffee.(4) 随着only和also在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。Only Mr Li came to see me today.Mr Li came to see only me today.Mr Li came to see me only today.三、形容词的比较等级形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表：构成法原级比较级最高级1、单音节词末尾加-er和-e

10、st伟大的 greatgreatergreatest2、单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-stbrave勇敢的fine好的braverfinerbravestfinest3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estbig大的hot熟的bigger hotterbiggest hottest4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble 结构的双音节词，末尾加 -er，和-est （以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，贝U y变为i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st）happy 快乐的 clever 聪明的 narrow 狭窄的 able能

11、happier cleverer narrower alberhappiest cleverest narrowest ablest5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most.difficult 困难的more difficultmost difficult四、形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表原级比较级最高级good wellbetterbestbadillworseworstmany muchmoremostlittle fewlessleastfarfarther furtherfarthest furthestoldolder elderoldesteldestlatelat

12、ter laterlast latest五、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。1) 原级常用于“我原级+ as 结构He likes her as much as he likes his sister.否定的原级用not as或s not so二者一般无甚区别。He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.2) 比较级常用于比较级+ than ”结构.He is taller tha n me.否定比较与否定原级一样，也用not as(so)as结构，也可用lessthan结构.This word is less frequ

13、ent in British English than in American English.3) 两个人或物比较时，定冠词the +比较级表示最高级。He is the taller of the two.4) 最高级常用于“ th。最高级+比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。He is the best picture in the hall.5) 含有否定词的比较级，如(1) no less than=as much(or many)as不亚于”not less than=at least至少”(2) no less than =as as 和一样not less +原级+ than

14、至少不亚于”(3) no more than=not any more than 和一样不 ”not more than=not so as 不像那样”(4) no more than=only只不过” 言其少not more than=at most不多于”, 至少”6) 表示几倍于用twice (两倍)，three times(三倍)+ asas,This book costs twice as much as the other one.7) the +比较级，theb比较级，意思是 越就越”女口：The harder you work , the more you will learn

15、.8) 比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰，如asa前可用almost, nearly,just(about),quite等词语修饰，如，Joh n is almost as tall as his father.9) 在 more than 结构之前可用 far,(so)very much, (quite)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far等词语修饰，如：He speaks En glish a lot more rapidly tha n he does Fren ch.10) 比较级+ and +比较级，作 越来越”解，如：The da

16、ys are gett ing Ion ger and Ion ger.形容词、副词专项练习题( )1 Nowadays scienee fiction isn t asamong teenagers.A. popular B.more popular C.l ess popular D.the most popular( ) 2. We are glad to see that Shan ghai is develop ingthese years tha never before.A. quicklyB.l ess quickly C.more quickly D.the most qui

17、ckly()3. The cheese cake tasted sothat the kids asked for more.A.deliciousB.well C.bad D.badly()4 Why didn t you enjoy the talk?It wastalk that I had ever liste ned to .A. the most interestingB. the least interestingC. more interestingD . 1ess interesting()5. Guo Yue did quiteat the World Table Tenn

18、is Championship(锦标赛),but Zhang Yining did even.A. better; wellB. well; wellC. well; betterD. better; better()6. Whose picture is better, Jack s or Tom s?Both of them are good. I think Jack draws Tom.A. as good asB. as well asC. better tha nD. worse tha n()7. It gets very here in summer.A.cool B.cold

19、 C.warm D.hot()8. Be, and you will do well in the English exam.A.careful B.polite C.sure D.frie ndlyEn glish.)9. Lin Tao is good at all the subjects at school,A.reallyB.mostly C.especiallyD.exactly)10. The coat is too expe nsive.Look, heres ano ther on e. Itsandnicer.A. dearerB.cheaperC. olderD. Ion

20、 ger)11.The populati on of Tianj in isthan that of Shan ghai.A largerB lessC smallerD fewerA badly12.lt s raining.We have to stay at home in stead of going fish ing .B hardly C heavilyD stro nglyA. tall13. Kate is asas Maria.B. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest14. She looks very.I think she n eeds to h

21、ave a rest.A. tiredB. hard C.well D. hardly15 . -Tom is terribly ill.-We d better send him to hospital asas we can .A. slowlyB o quicklyCo quietlyD. easily()16. -Do you like the Moo nlight Son ata?-Sure, it sounds reallyA. clear B. clearly C. beautiful D. beautifullytime finding()17. Supermarkets ar

22、e n ecessary. People usually spe ndmoney tha n they want.things they want, but they usually spe ndA.l ess; lessB.l ess; moreC.fewer; lessD.fewer; moreyourcomputer! ” A rece nt report in Brita in says,“Thestude nts use computer at schooland at home, thethey do in exams of readi ng and math.()18.“ Do

23、you want to improve your score in math? Try stay ing away fromA.more; betterB. less; worseC. more; moreD. l ess; better()19 . He speaks En glishan American, so we all believe that he hasstayed in America for many years.A.as good asB.worse tha nC.as badly asD.as well as()20 . - The TV programme is bori ng. Shall we play chess in stead?- All right. That istha n watch ing a bori ng programme.A.very goodB. much goodC、very betterD.much better()