高中英语定语从句复习课程

1、高中英语定语从句高中英语定语从句定语从句定语从句the attributive clausethe attributive clause 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_ ，引导定语，引导定语从句的词叫做从句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接连接（连接定语从句和主句）、（连接定语从句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面（替代前面的先行词）、的先行词）、成分成分（在定语从句中要充当一（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。定的句子成分）。在复合句中，在复合句中，充当充当_ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语从句 “先行词先行词”“关系代词

2、关系代词”“关系副词关系副词”定语定语基础知识回顾基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义关系词及其意义指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, that, aswhich, that, aswhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归纳总结归纳总结做题技巧做题技巧?先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分 conclusion 先行词充当主、宾、表或定语，则用关系代词先行词充当主、宾、表或定语，则用关系代词先行词充当状语，则用关系副词先行词充当状语，则用关系副词 that , who , w

3、hom , which , as , whose where , when , why 1. The teachers are present at our class are all experienced teachers.2. Our class is a big family consists of 33 girls and 33 boys.3. Yun Feng is the girl English is very good in our class.4. The school we are studying is very famous.5. we all know, our s

4、chool is more than 160 years old.wherewhowhoseAswhich基础知识练习：基础知识练习：Underline the attributive clauses: Dont forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。曾经拥有的，不要忘记。 不能得到的，更要珍惜。

5、不能得到的，更要珍惜。 属于自己的，不要放弃。属于自己的，不要放弃。 已经失去的，留作回忆。已经失去的，留作回忆。This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroin

6、e who loved each otherin the film . the Attributive Clausethe Attributive ClauseThis is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack and Lucy are

7、the hero and the heroine who loved each other in the film . the Attributive Clausethe Attributive Clausewho指人，作主语whom指人，作宾语whose指物，作定语that指物，作主语which指物，作宾语1.指物时只用指物时只用that 的情况的情况2.只用只用which的情况的情况3.关系代词关系代词as 的用法的用法4.as 与与which的区别的区别5.高考考点高考考点-易混句型易混句型6.历年高考试题历年高考试题考点一：考点一：(1)(1)先行词为先行词为all, everythi

8、ng, nothing, something, anything, all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much little, few, much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。 Is there Is there anythinganything thatthat you don you dont t understand ?understand ?(2)(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, muchall, every, no, some, any, l

9、ittle, much等等 修饰时。修饰时。AllAll the books the books thatthat you need are here. you need are here.(3)(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰; ;或先行词或先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is This is the firstthe first book book (that)(that) he has he has read read ./ This is ./ This is the bestthe best method that h

10、as been method that has been used againstused against pollution pollution(4)(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the lastthe only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。This is This is the samethe same knife knife (that)(that) I lost I lost yesterday .yesterday .This is This is the verythe very pe

11、n pen (that)(that) she is looking she is looking for .for .(5)(5)先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。 He talked about He talked about the teachers and schoolsthe teachers and schools (that)(that) he had visited . he had visited .That!“that”我的地盘我的地盘?6.当主句的主语是是疑问词当主句的主语是是疑问词which时时: Which is the bike that you lost

12、yesterday? 7.当先行词在主句中做表语当先行词在主句中做表语,而关系代词也在而关系代词也在从句中做表语时从句中做表语时: He is no longer the man that he used to be . Beijing is no longer the city that it used to be .注意注意:当先行词是当先行词是the way时时,关系词关系词用用:that/in which.Practice 1.Everything_ you say to him goes in one ear and out the other.2.All _ is needed i

13、s a supply of oil. 3. The train is the last _ will go to Shanghai.4.The boy and the dog _ are in the picture are very lovely.5.The first lesson _ I learned will be forgotten6.The way_ you are doing it is completely crazy.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1. Jim passed the driving test,

14、 _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it考点二：以下情况只能用考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句引导定语从句1 逗号后面逗号后面 2 介词后面介词后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20. A.on which B that C which D.this考点三：关系代词考点三：关系代词 as 的用法的用法 the same as 表示表示同一类同一类人或物；人或物； the same that 指指同一个同一个人或物人或物1) 直接引导定语从句直接引导定语从句:

15、 作用相当于作用相当于which He was late, as / which is often the case. As anyone could see it, they were very upset. 2) 与与such 连用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 There are no such writers as you mention. It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 3) 与与same 连用连用, 引起定语从句引起定语从句 如此如此 以至于以至于 This is the same pen _I lost

16、yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .考点四：考点四：as 与与 which 的区别的区别as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的行为动词的被动语态，被动语态，如如be known， be said，be reported等，等， 如从句中如从句中行为动词是主

17、动语态行为动词是主动语态，一般要用，一般要用which作主语。作主语。 She has been late again, _ was expected. Tom has made great progress, _ made us happy.aswhich1. which的先行词可以是的先行词可以是名词名词，也可以是，也可以是句子的句子的一部分或代替整个句子一部分或代替整个句子；which从句从句不能放句首不能放句首; 2. as 一般代替整个句子一般代替整个句子, 从句从句则可以放则可以放句首句首, 句句中或句尾中或句尾, 表示表示“正如正如” ，“或像或像一样一样” 。例如：例如：as

18、is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is;当当先行词前有先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰时修饰时,关系代关系代词常用词常用as。_is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China. As1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of _ we

19、re black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses解题点拨解题点拨 :是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim _高考考点高考考点易混句型易混句型1.1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句 1). a. The

20、news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. b. The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. 2). a. I made a promise _ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise _ pleased all her children. that(that/which)that/whichthat解题点拨：解题点拨：that引导的引导的定语从句定语从句是对其先

21、行词的是对其先行词的修修饰或限制饰或限制；在句中；在句中作成份作成份( (作宾语省略作宾语省略),),指物时可用指物时可用whichwhich代替；而代替；而同位语从句同位语从句是对前面名词的是对前面名词的说明和解释说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用在从句中仅起连接作用, ,不充当成份不充当成份，不能省略，不能省略, ,不能用不能用whichwhich代替。代替。 .定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句 1) a. It is in this room _I lived last year. b. It is the room _I lived last year. 2) a. It

22、 was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning. b. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning. 解题点拨：解题点拨：强调句型：强调句型：It is/was+ +被强调的成被强调的成份份+ +that/who+ +其它部分其它部分; ; 去掉去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照样成立句子照样成立; ;而定语从句的而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份引导词在句中要作成份。thatwherethatwhen. .定语从句与强调定语从句与强调 句句1.(2013湖南，

23、21)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which【解析】B句意：幸福和成功总是跟随那些善于认识到自己的优势的人。空格处要填一个关系词引导定语从句修饰those，该关系词在从句中作主语，those指人，关系词用who。2.(2013山东，31)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when

24、 D. where【解析】A句意：没有简单的答案，在科学界总是这样子。as引导非限制性定语从句，在此句中as代表前面一句话的内容。3.(2013山东，35)Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 【解析】C句意：终于，他到达了一个完全与外面世界隔离的偏僻的岛上。which引导定语从句，修饰island。4.(2013安徽，29)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize fo

25、r Literature in 2012，_ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which【解析】D句意：莫言在2012年被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长期拥有的梦想成真了。which引导非限制性定语从句，which代表前面一句话的内容。5.(2013全国新课标卷，4)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying. A. what B. when C. where D.

26、which【解析】C句意：当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看我要呆的房子。where引导表地点的定语从句修饰先行词the house。6.(2013浙江，5)The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom【解析】D句意：孩子们都累了，他们都玩了一整天。先行词为the children, 关系代词可以用who，此处关系代词前带有介词短语，要用宾格形式whom。7.(2013浙江，13)The museum w

27、ill open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. what B. where C. when D. why【解析】B句意：博物馆将在春天开放一次展览，它带有一个观景平台，在那里参观者能观看在建的大玻璃房。where引导定语从句修饰a viewing platform。8.(2013江西，33)He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in th

28、e accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how【解析】C句意：他写了一封信，在信里他解释了事故中所发生的一切。where引导定语从句，修饰a letter。9.(2013江苏，32)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A. where B. which C. what D. when【解析】B句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有感情，这种感情他记得早在童年时就产生了

29、。which引导定语从句修饰a passion。10.(2013福建，27)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which【解析】A句意：这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人们所见，讲述了地震的一些故事。定语从句的关系词与从句主语lives之间是所有关系，故用whose。11.(2012湖南，34)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small

30、 details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which【解析】D句意：心灵的呵护是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中即使是生活的小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，故排除C项；what不引导定语从句，A、B两项也被排除；故D项正确，in which相当于where。12.(2012安徽，29)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents

31、 should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this【解析】A句意：正如被发现的那样，许多语言学习发生在出生的第一年，因此父母们应该在那一时期多与孩子们说话。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，而it和this都不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除B、D两项；as有“正如，如同”之意，正合题意；which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但意为“这一点”，不合题意，故选A项。13.(2012陕西，14)It is the third time that she has won the

32、race, _ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what【解析】C句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使我们大家非常吃惊。本题为非限制性定语从句，且关系代词代表整个主句的意思，故只能用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。where引导的定语从句，其先行词是表示地点的词，且where在从句中作状语。what不能引导定语从句。14.(2012山东，23)Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them

33、B. that C. which D. what【解析】C句意：玛丽亚写了两本小说，并且都被改编成了电视连续剧。本题逗号前后都有谓语动词，说明整句是复合句；介词后的关系代词应和先行词novels一致，同为物，故选which。B作关系代词不能放在介词之后；D项不能引导定语从句。15.(2012重庆，29)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where【解析】D句意：销售总监是一个沟通能力和销售能力

34、同样很重要的职位。position“职位”，在此处相当于抽象地点；其后的定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故排除A、B两项；where在这里相当于in which。16.(2012浙江，9)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which【解析】B句意：我们生活在一个比过去更容易获取信息的时代。先行词是age，表示时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，故B项正确。如果使用“介词关系代词”，应是in which，而不是o

35、n which。17.(2012北京，26)When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when【解析】B句意：当他全心投入工作时，就像他经常那样，他常常忘记吃饭或睡觉。定语从句中where和when常作状语，而本题was是表语，故排除C、D两项，又因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除A。18.(2012浙江，17)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom【解析】B句意：艾伦是画鸟类和大自然的画家，由于某种原因，她退出了一切社会活动。先行词是Ellen，定语从句中缺少主语，故用who引导定语从句。19.(2012福建，23)The air quality in the city