植物免疫系统

1、The plant immune systemMAMPS or PAMPs：microbial- or pathogen-associated molecular patternsPTI:PTI:PAMP-triggered immunityPRRsPRRs: pattern recognition receptorsETS:ETS:effector-triggered susceptibilityETI:ETI: effector-triggered immunityHR:HR: hypersensitive cell death responseA zigzag model illustr

2、ates the quantitative output of the plant immune system.MAMPS or PAMPs：microbial- or pathogen-associated molecular patternsPTI:PTI:PAMP-triggered immunityPRRsPRRs: pattern recognition receptorsETS:ETS:effector-triggered susceptibilityETI:ETI: effector-triggered immunityHR:HR: hypersensitive cell dea

3、th responseA zigzag model illustrates the quantitative output of the plant immune system.MAMPS or PAMPs：microbial- or pathogen-associated molecular patternsPTI:PTI:PAMP-triggered immunityPRRsPRRs: pattern recognition receptorsETS:ETS:effector-triggered susceptibilityETI:ETI: effector-triggered immun

4、ityHR:HR: hypersensitive cell death responseA zigzag model illustrates the quantitative output of the plant immune system.Plant immune system activation by pathogen effectors that generate modified self molecular patternsCo-evolution of host R genes and the pathogen effector complement1.图位克隆法2.转座子标签

5、法3.同源序列法转座子标签法技术克隆基因的主要步骤是:采取农杆菌介导等方法把转座子导人目标生物体;转座子在目标生物体内的初步定位;转座子插入突变的鉴定和分离;利用一些带转座子及报告基因的重组质粒来检测转座子在目标生物体内的活动性;对转座子插入引起的突变体,利用转座子序列作探针,分离克隆目的基因。定位克隆技术是根据目标基因在染色体上的位置进行基因克隆的一种方法,目标基因精确定位在染色体特定位置之后,用目标基因两侧紧密连锁的标记筛选含有大的插入片段的基因组文库(如BCA和YA)C,通过染色体步行(ChormosomeWalkign)筛选到含有目标基因的克隆,最后通过遗传转化和功能互补实验进行验证。其核心任务是染色体步行,如果能找到与目标基因很近的标记,以至于二者之间的距离小于基因组文库中克隆的平均插入片段大小,就可以直接筛选到含有目标基