外研版初中二年级下册第一模块预习

1、 教 材 封 面 教材出版社:外语教学与研究出版社教材版本:义务教育课程标准实验教科书 教材册次:初中二年级下册 1、准备知识要点: 词汇: 掌握:collect, collection, tidy, tidy up, doll, fan, stamp, least, take up, all the time, (be interested in,interview, as, volleyball, sailing, lazy, useful, develop, skill, camp, as well as, activity, such as, imagine, teenager, co

2、me out, result, as a result, success, should 理解:untidy, wow, mountain biking, creative, workshop, professional, senior, teenager, enjoyment 句子:My father is a musician.It came out in 2003.I play the violin.He gave me my first violin.She asked us to imagine that we were in a story.Theres a concert at

3、Radio Beijing.Last year, he made his brother a bicycle.Her hobbies can help her save money.2、本阶段知识要点: 语法:英语的基本句型 语音:一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的语调3、后续知识要点:英语有五种基本句型:1.主语+不及物动词:Everybody smiled. 大家都笑了。2.主语+及物动词+宾语:He knows everything. 他什么都知道。3.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语:I showed him my passport. 我把护照拿给他看。4.主语+系动词+表语:The boy

4、looks healthy. 那男孩看起来身体很好。5. 主语+及物动词+复合宾语:What made you angry? 什么使你生气?4、拓展知识要点:语言是千变万化的,要掌握语言,必须掌握语言的核心。英语的句子以谓语动词为核心。因此要对英语有比较全面的了解,应当学好英语动词句型。掌握好这些基本句型,就可为灵活运用语言打下坚实的基础。第一类句型:主语+不及物动词1. 主语+不及物动词The sun is rising. 太阳正在升起。2. 主语+不及物动词+状语Did you sleep well? 你睡得好吗?3. 主语+不及物动词+副词(构成成语动词Her temperature c

5、ame down in the morning. 早上她的体温下降了。4. 主语+不及物动词(有被动意思Cheese cuts easily. 干酪很好切。第二类句型:主语+及物动词+宾语1. 主语+及物动词+名词(代词Do you know these people (them? 你认识这些人(他们吗? 2. 主语+及物动词+反身代词Now Ill introduce myself. 现在我来自我介绍一下。3. 主语+成语动词+宾语成语动词大体上有下面六类:a.及物动词+副词We can put off the meeting. 我们可以推迟开会。b.不及物动词+介词They will no

6、t agree to that plan. 他们不会同意那个计划。c.不及物动词+介词+名词The old building was falling into pieces. 那座老楼要崩塌了。d.不及物动词+副词+介词Look out for snakes. 当心蛇。e.及物动词+名词+介词Pay attention to your grammar. 注意你的语法。f.及物动词+反身代词+介词Help yourself to some vegetables. 再吃点蔬菜吧。4. 主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语He offered to lend me some books. 他主动提出借给我

7、几本书。 5. 主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语Would you mind waiting a few minutes? 可否介意等几分钟?第三类句型:主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语1. 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词She gave me her telephone number. 她给了我她的电话号码。某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为介词to或for引导的短语:She gave a job to John. 她派给约翰一件工作。Father bought a new bike for me. 父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。2. 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句这类句子中的从句多由that引导

8、(that有时可省略Tell him (that Im out. 告诉他我不在家。第四类句型:主语+系动词+表语1. 主语+系动词+形容词The dish smells good. 这盘菜闻起来不错。2. 主语+系动词+名词(代词He stood there and felt a stranger. 他站在那里,觉得自己像个陌生人。3. 主语+系动词+副词Is Helen in? 海伦在吗?4. 主语+系动词+介词短语The bus stop is just across the road. 公共汽车站就在马路对面。5. 主语+系动词+不定式My duty is to get you away

9、, to save you. 我的职责是带你离开,把你救出来。6. 主语+系动词+动名词Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。7. 主语+系动词+从句这类句子中的从句多由that引导(that有时可省略What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我吃惊的是他的英语讲得这么好。第五类句型:主语+及物动词+复合宾语1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词(作补语He got his clothes wet. 他把衣服弄湿了。2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词(作补语They called their

10、daughter Mary. 他们给女儿取名叫玛丽。3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语(作补语He put his books in order. 他把他的书整理好了。4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+副词(作补语Dont leave me behind. 别把我留下。5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式(作补语What do you advise me to do? 你建议我怎么做?6. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式(作补语Did you notice him come in? 你有没有注意到他进来?7. 主语+及物动词+宾语+现在分词(作补语I heard hin singing in

11、 his room. 我听到他在他的房间里唱歌。8. 主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词(作补语He watched the piano carried upstairs. 他看着钢琴被搬上楼去。我们还学过一种句型用来表示“某处存在有某物/人”,那就是“there be 句型”。它的构成是:there be +主语(物/人+地点状语。例如:There are many story books in his schoolbag. 他的书包里有很多故事书。There is a very nice cup on the table. 桌上有一个漂亮的杯子。 1. Why does Tonys mum w

12、ant him to tidy up his room?为什么托尼的妈妈想让他收拾他的房间?1. want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要(让某人做某事”。其中的to do sth. 是动词不定式短语,用作宾语sb.的补足成分,使宾语的意思完整。例如:Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once.老师叫我们立即打扫教室。Mr. Smith asked me to answer his questions.史密斯先生请我回答他的问题。2. tidy up意为“收拾好,整理好”。例如:Im tidying up before our

13、 guests arrive.我会在客人到来之前收拾利落。I tidied up the report before handing in it.我把报告整理好以后才呈交。3. tidy sth. away 意为“把收拾好放回原处”。例如:Can you tidy away your clothes, please?请把衣服收拾起来好吗?4. tidy 还可用作形容词,意为“整齐的,整洁的,井然的”。在句中可用作定语或表语。例如:What a tidy room it is!多么整洁的房间!(定语Their classroom is clean and tidy.他们的教室又干净又整洁。(表语

14、2. Which hobby do you think takes up the least space?你认为哪种爱好占用的时间最少?1. 句子中 do you think 是插入语成分,意为“你认为”。插入语可以插入到一个语法结构业已完整的句子里去。它的语义特点是:对句子的内容作一些附加说明。它的语法特点是:把它去掉之后,句子的结构和语义都是完整的。例如:What do you think is the best advice for learning English?你认为学习英语的最好的建议是什么?2. take up在本句中意为“占用(时间;占据(空间”。space 在本句中是一个不

15、可数名词,意为“时间”。例如:It took up a whole week to make the dress.做这件衣服花费了整整一个星期。The table takes up too much space.这张桌子太占地方了。It all happened in the space of ten minutes.这一切都发生在十分钟之内。3. Do you really?真的吗?这是一个省略句,它因为紧跟在上一个句子之后,我们明白它的意思所指。在口语对话中,常可这样使用。完整的句子是:Do you really collect bus tickets and train tickets?

16、例如:- I like this novel very much. I have read it for three times.- Have you really?-我非常喜欢这本小说。我已经看了三遍了。-真的吗?4. I often listened to him play the violin.我经常听他拉小提琴。1. 短语listen to 与某些感官动词(如:see, hear, feel, notice后,可以跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语的补足语,表示一个经常性的,要发生的或已完成的动作。例如:I often see my English teacher go home very

17、late.我经常看到我的英语老师回家很晚。I often hear him sing English songs in his room.我经常听到他在他的房间里唱英语歌。2. 当play 后跟表示乐器的名词时,需要在该名词前加定冠词the。例如:He plays the piano very well.他钢琴弹得非常好。Can you play the erhu?你会拉二胡吗?3. 当 play后跟表示球类的名词时,该名词前不能有任何冠词。例如:Lets play basketball together.咱们一起打篮球吧。Can you play football?你会踢足球吗?5. Hob

18、bies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.爱好能使你长大成人,发展你的兴趣,并帮助你学习新的技能。1. make 是一个使役动词,要求其后所跟的宾语补足语使用省略to的动词不定式。常见的使役动词还有:have和let。例如:The boss had him work for ten hours yesterday.老板昨天让他工作了十个小时。Lets play basketball together.咱们一起打篮球吧。2. 本句中 as a person的含义

19、丰富,表明人的成长不只是表现在知识与能力,同样表现在情感、身心健康、价值观、品德等各个方面。本句的含义是:爱好对人的成长很重要。3. develop 可作为“开发,培养,发展”等意思使用。例如:I developed an interest in history at school.在学校时,我培养了对历史的兴趣。Things are developing.情况在不断发展。4. interest 在句中用作名词,指笼统的兴趣时为不可数名词;指具体的兴趣爱好时为可数名词。例如:She has much interest in music and dance.她对音乐和舞蹈很感兴趣。His two

20、 great interests in life are music and painting.他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。6. As well as the usual activities, such as sailing, climbing and mountain biking, there was a writing workshop with a professional writer.除了像帆船,爬山和山地骑车等常见的活动以外,还有一个由职业作家指导的写作研习班。1. as well as 在句中意为“也,还,而且”。例如:His children as well as hi

21、s wife were invited to the party.不但他太太,连他的孩子们都被邀请参加了那次聚会。We all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai.我们都想既去上海,又去北京。2. as well as 用作连词时,还可表示“与同样好;不比差”之意。例如:She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。3. such as 意为“比如,例如”,用于举例说明时,往往用逗号隔开。例如:I like drinks such as tea and orange.我喜欢诸如茶和橘子汁之类的

22、饮料。I visited several cities such as New York,Chicago and Boston.我游览过几个城市,像纽约,芝加哥和波士顿等。7.In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life, and it came out as a book in 2003.上高中时,大卫写了一个关于青少年生活的故事,这个故事于2003年以书的形式出版了。1. teenage 是个形容词,意为“十来岁的(指13岁到19岁”,置于名词前,作定语。例如:He has a teenage daughter.他

23、有个十几岁的女儿。She has never been to a teenage disco.她从未去过少年迪斯科舞厅。2. come out 是一个动词短语,在本句中的意思是“发行,出版”,多用于报刊、书籍,以主动语态形式出现,等同于 publish ,但publish 以被动语态形式出现。例如:The novel came out through Commercial Press in 1971.= The novel was published through Commercial Press in 1971.这本小说于1971年由商务印书馆出版。3. come out 还有许多其他的意

24、思,如:“长出,开花;(秘密等传出,结果是”等。例如:I think the rose will come out next week.我想下周玫瑰花就开花了。At last the truth came out.真相终于大白了。The answer to the question came out wrong.这道题的答案结果是错了。8. Many teenagers love his book, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer.许多青少年喜欢他的书,结果,大卫成了一名成功的青年作家。1. as a re

25、sult意为“后果;结果;因此”,在句子中作状语,表示后面句子所表达的与前面句子所表达的构成因果关系,前面是因,后面是果。例如:He made a big mistake, and as a result, lost his job.他犯了个大错,结果丢了工作。It snowed heavily, and as a result, he came late.雪下得很大,结果,他来晚了。2. as a result of sth. 表示“因为,由于”,后接名词,构成因果关系,前面是果,后面是因,相当于because of 的用法。例如:He was late as a result of the

26、 traffic jam.= He was late because of the traffic jam.由于交通阻塞,他迟到了。She died as a result of SARS.= She died because of SARS.她死于非典。9. I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team.我花费一些业余时间在校队中打排球。1. spend some time/money on sth./(in doing sth. 意为“花费一些时间/金钱在某事上/做某事”,要注意此时句子的主语应为“人”

27、。例如:You shouldnt spend too much time (in playing computer games.你不应该花费太多的时间玩电脑游戏。I spend a lot of money on books.我在书上花了很多钱。2. 介词for 在句中表示利益,意为“为了”。例如:She does voluntary work for the handicapped.她自愿为残疾者从事社会服务工作。Is there anything I can do for you?有没有任何我可以帮你做的事?10. A popular hobby in England and some o

28、ther countries is to live in the way thatpeople lived long ago.在英国和其他一些别的国家中的一种受欢迎的爱好是按照很久以前人们的生活方式生 活。 1. in England and some other countries 是介词短语，在句中作定语使用。介词短语作 定语时通常跟在所修饰词之后。 例如： Ill write to my friends in the USA. 我要给在美国的朋友们写信。 He lives in a small village among the mountains. 他住在群山中的一个小村子里。 2. that people lived l