Text I a world empire by other means自己整理课件商务综合英语王立非主编

1、Text I A World Empire by Other Means Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IA World Empire by Other MeansA World Empire by Other MeansWhat does world empire refer to? What does world empire refer to? World empireWorld empire refers to the British empire, the Em

2、pire on which the refers to the British empire, the Empire on which the sun never sets.sun never sets.Why does the title say by other means?Why does the title say by other means?By other meansBy other means refers to a different way to rule the world, i.e. by refers to a different way to rule the wo

3、rld, i.e. by means of language, in contrast to gunpowder and commerce.means of language, in contrast to gunpowder and commerce. 1. It is everywhere. Some 380 million It is everywhere. Some 380 million people speak it as their first language and people speak it as their first language and perhaps two

4、-thirds perhaps two-thirds as many as many again as their again as their second. A billion are learning it, about a second. A billion are learning it, about a third of the worlds population third of the worlds population are in some are in some sense exposed to sense exposed to it and it and byby 20

5、50, it 2050, it is is predictedpredicted, half the world will be , half the world will be more or more or less proficient in less proficient in it. It is the it. It is the language of language of globalisationglobalisation of international business, of international business, politics and politics a

6、nd diplomacydiplomacy. It is the language of . It is the language of computers and the Internet. computers and the Internet. Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ias manyof the same numberThere wont be as many fireworks this year. More than one hundred America

7、n colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as many Chinese institutions. not as many as we had last year or previous yearswith more or less 100 Chinese institutionsDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Iproficient: a. (be in sth)able

8、 to do sth well or skilfullya proficient speakerMarthas proficient in Swedish.Ant. clumsy, incompetent, unskilledn. proficiency proficiency in musicCan you name some common proficiency tests in China?TEM-4, TEM-8, CET-4, CET-6, TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, IELTSOrganisation As many In some sense Be exposed to

9、More or less Be proficient in Language of globalization Diplomacy 新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(14).mp3 它无处不在。它是约它无处不在。它是约3.8亿人的母语，还是亿人的母语，还是约占约占此人数三分之二人的第二语言。全世此人数三分之二人的第二语言。全世界有界有10亿人在学习它，约占世界人口三分亿人在学习它，约占世界人口三分之一的人之一的人或多或少或多或少会会接触到接触到它。预计到它。预计到2050年，全世界半数人会年，全世界半数人会近乎近乎精通它。它精通它。它是是全球化时代的语

10、言全球化时代的语言国际商务、政治和国际商务、政治和外交外交等活动使用它，也是计算机和互联网等活动使用它，也是计算机和互联网的通用语言。的通用语言。 Youll see it on posters in Youll see it on posters in Cte dIvoireCte dIvoire, , youll hear it in pop songs in Tokyo, youll youll hear it in pop songs in Tokyo, youll read it in official documents in read it in official documen

11、ts in Phnom Phnom PenhPenh. . Deutsche Deutsche WelleWelle broadcasts in it. broadcasts in it. French business schools teach in it. It is French business schools teach in it. It is the the medium of expressionmedium of expression in in cabinet cabinet meetings in meetings in BoliviaBolivia. Truly, t

12、he tongue . Truly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the spoken back in the 1300s only by the low low peoplepeople of England of England has come a long wayhas come a long way. It . It is now the global language.is now the global language. Location map of Ivory CoastA virtual guide to Cte

13、dIvoire (also known as Ivory Coast), a country in southern West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea (North Atlantic Ocean) situated between Ghana and Liberia. The country is bordered in north by Mali and Burkina Faso.Ivory Coast covers an area of 322,463 km, compared it is slightly smaller than Poland, or

14、slightly larger than the U.S. state of New Mexico.Cte dIvoire has a population of 22.7 million inhabitants (in 2015). Capital city is Yamoussoukro. Largest city and the defacto capital is Abidjan. Spoken languages are French (official); and languages of five principal language groups, the Diula (Dio

15、ula), Baule (Baoul), Dan, Anyin and Senari.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT ITruly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of Truly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the low people of England has come a long way.England has c

16、ome a long way.Paraphrase the sentence. Indeed, the language spoken as early as 1300s by the native people in Indeed, the language spoken as early as 1300s by the native people in England has developed for a long time.England has developed for a long time.What does low people mean? What does low peo

17、ple mean? people of the lower class, those who were at the bottom of the societypeople of the lower class, those who were at the bottom of the societyDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IWhat was the situation like in the 1300s? What was the situation like in

18、 the 1300s? After the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, until After the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, until about 1300, three languages stood to each other in a about 1300, three languages stood to each other in a hierarchical relationship, with Latin at the top, hierarchical relationship, w

19、ith Latin at the top, followed by French, and then by English. French was followed by French, and then by English. French was the prestige language, of the aristocracy and the court, the prestige language, of the aristocracy and the court, while English a low and vulgar language of everyday while En

20、glish a low and vulgar language of everyday folk.folk. Cte dIvoireCte dIvoire Phnom PenhPhnom Penh Deutsche Deutsche WelleWelle medium of expressionmedium of expression Cabinet Cabinet Bolivia Bolivia Low people Low people Has come a long way Has come a long way 新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip

21、(13).mp3 你能在科特迪瓦的海报上看到它，能在东京的流行歌曲中听到它，还能在金边的官方文件中读到它。德国之声电台用它播放节目，法国商学院用它授课，玻利维亚的内阁会议用它作为交流媒介。的确，这种在14世纪的英格兰只有“下等人”才说的语言取得了长足的发展进步，如今已经成为世界的语言。 The main idea of the first paragraph: It is the It is the language of language of globalisationglobalisation of of international business, politics and inte

22、rnational business, politics and diplomacydiplomacy. It is the language of . It is the language of computers and the Iputers and the Internet. Lower class Lower class Global language Global language 2How come? Not because English is easy. 2How come? Not because English is easy. True, True, gendergen

23、ders are simple. But the verbs s are simple. But the verbs tend to tend to be be irregularirregular, the grammar, the grammar bizarre bizarre and the and the match match between spelling between spelling and pronunciation a and pronunciation a nightmarenightmare. English . English is now so widely s

24、poken in so many is now so widely spoken in so many places that places that umpteen versions umpteen versions have have evolvedevolved, some so , some so peculiarpeculiar that even that even native speakers native speakers may have trouble may have trouble understanding understanding each other. eac

25、h other. Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Imatch: match: n.n.a corresponding pair1. 1. Can you give an example of the odd Can you give an example of the odd match between spelling and match between spelling and pronunciationpronunciation? ?2. 2. Pronounce

26、the following words with -Pronounce the following words with -oughough: :cough, plough, though, thorough, drought, thought, through, toughhonour, psychology, castle, comb Gender :Sex Tend to do :Be inclined; Have a tendency Irregular: Uneven; Unbalanced; Bizarre: Strange; Weird; Peculiar Match: Equa

27、l; Equivalent Nightmare: Umpteen versions Evolve: Develop; Progress Peculiar: Odd;Strange;Unusual Have trouble doing sth 新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(1).mp3 为什么会这样？原因不在于英语好学。诚然，英语单词词性简单，但是动词变化不规律，语法怪异，拼写和发音之间的对应简直是噩梦。由于传播十分广泛，英语衍生出众多的版本，有些独特的表达连英语为“母语”的人们也难以相互理解 The main idea of 2nd paragra

28、ph Come a long way Not easy 3As a language with many3As a language with many origins origins Romance, Romance, Germanic, Norse, Celtic and so on English Germanic, Norse, Celtic and so on English was bound to be a messwas bound to be a mess. But its . But its elasticityelasticity makes it makes it me

29、ssiermessier, as well as stronger, as well as stronger. When it . When it comes to comes to new words, English new words, English puts up few puts up few barriers barriers to entry. Every year publishers to entry. Every year publishers bring bring out out new dictionaries listing new dictionaries li

30、sting neologisms galoreneologisms galore. . The past decade, for instance, has produced not The past decade, for instance, has produced not just just a host of a host of InternetteryInternettery, , computeresecomputerese and and phonebabblephonebabble (browsers, downloading, (browsers, downloading,

31、texting and so on) but quantities of texting and so on) but quantities of teenspeakteenspeak ( (favefave, fit, pants, phat, sad). All are , fit, pants, phat, sad). All are readily received by English, however much readily received by English, however much some some fogies fogies may may resistresist

32、 them. them.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IBut its elasticity makes it messier, as well as stronger.What represents the elasticity of English?It absorbs words from other languages and accepts It absorbs words from other languages and accepts created one

33、s, thus a much larger vocabulary than created ones, thus a much larger vocabulary than many languages. In its history, it accepts, both in many languages. In its history, it accepts, both in spoken and written form, influences from other spoken and written form, influences from other languages, reli

34、gion, law and science. languages, religion, law and science. What does elasticity mean?What does elasticity mean?flexibility, adaptabilityflexibility, adaptabilityDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IHow does the elasticity of English make it messier How does

35、 the elasticity of English make it messier and stronger?and stronger?messier:messier:There are many varieties of English, There are many varieties of English, differences differences among them in among them in pronunciationpronunciation, , vocabulary, grammar vocabulary, grammar and so and so on, w

36、hich can be very on, which can be very confusing confusing sometimes sometimes. .strongerstronger: :English can be used in many fields and English can be used in many fields and so so it becomes a lingua franca, and it becomes a lingua franca, and enjoys enjoys a dominant a dominant status.status.De

37、tailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IWhen it comes to When it comes to savingsaving the planet the planet, , do celebrities do celebrities practisepractise what they preach? what they preach?When it comes to When it comes to rentingrenting or or buyingbuying, y

38、oull spend , youll spend about the same amount.about the same amount.When it comes to When it comes to as regardsas regardsto is not followed by an infinitive, but a noun or noun to is not followed by an infinitive, but a noun or noun phrasephrase. .Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBack

39、groundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ibarrier: barrier: n n. . ( to)( to)obstacleobstaclelanguage language barrierbarrier, , trade trade barrierbarrierto remove to remove barriers to barriers to successsuccessset barriers to set barriers to communicationcommunicationSyn. obstacle, hindranceDetailed ReadingDet

40、ailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ia host ofa host ofa great number ofa great number ofa host of billsa host of billsa host of new devicesa host of new devicesOther similar phrases:Other similar phrases: a crowd of, a swarm of, a flock of, a throng ofa crowd of, a swarm of, a

41、 flock of, a throng ofOrigin: Source:BeginningBe bound to do:Elasticity:Spring;FlexibilityMess: DisorderPut up :Erect;BuildBarrier:Obstacle;DifficultyNeologism galoreA host of InternetteryComputeresePhonebabble Teenspeak Fogy 新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(2).mp3 英语的来源甚广，包括罗曼语、日耳曼语、挪英语的来源甚广，包

42、括罗曼语、日耳曼语、挪威语、凯尔特语等等，因此它必定会杂乱无章，威语、凯尔特语等等，因此它必定会杂乱无章，但正是这种灵活性在使它变得庞杂的同时，也但正是这种灵活性在使它变得庞杂的同时，也变得更加强大。提到新词，英语几乎毫不阻拦变得更加强大。提到新词，英语几乎毫不阻拦地接纳。每年出版商都会推出包含大量新词的地接纳。每年出版商都会推出包含大量新词的新字典。例如，过往十年里不仅出现了很多网新字典。例如，过往十年里不仅出现了很多网络用语、计算机用语、手机用语（如络用语、计算机用语、手机用语（如“浏览浏览器器”、“下载下载”、“发短信发短信”等），还诞生了等），还诞生了大量青少年俚语（如大量青少年俚语（

43、如“赞赞”、“正正”、“残残”、“酷酷”、“杯具杯具”）。虽然一些守旧者强烈反）。虽然一些守旧者强烈反对，但这些都被英语欣然接纳。对，但这些都被英语欣然接纳。 Main idea of the third paragraph Mess-elasticity Fogy-resist 4.English-speakers have not always 4.English-speakers have not always been so been so angst-freeangst-free about this about this laisser-laisser-faire faire at

44、titude attitude toto their language. In the their language. In the 18th century three writers Joseph 18th century three writers Joseph Addison (who founded the Spectator), Addison (who founded the Spectator), Daniel Defoe (who wrote Robinson Daniel Defoe (who wrote Robinson Crusoe) and Jonathan Swif

45、t (Gullivers Crusoe) and Jonathan Swift (Gullivers Travels) wanted to see a Travels) wanted to see a committeecommittee set up set up to to regulateregulate the language. the language.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Iangst-free: angst-free: a.a.without an

46、ger or worrywithout anger or worryWord FormationWord Formation -free: not containing a specified substance (often used in combination)tax-freetax-freea sugar-free soft a sugar-free soft drinkdrinkDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ilaisser-faire attitude:lai

47、sser-faire attitude:laisser-fairelaisser-faire often refers to the principles of free often refers to the principles of free trade, allowing for freedom to a great degree. Here trade, allowing for freedom to a great degree. Here it means hardly any restriction in the use and it means hardly any rest

48、riction in the use and development of English.development of English.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IEnglish-speakers have not always been so angst-free English-speakers have not always been so angst-free about this laisser-faire attitude to their langua

49、ge.about this laisser-faire attitude to their language.Paraphrase the sentence. Some people in history, contrary to most Some people in history, contrary to most others, others, took a negative attitude towards the took a negative attitude towards the elasticity of English.elasticity of English. to

50、see a committee set up to see a committee set up to see done:to see done: to make sureto make sure You will see the work done properly. He is always the last to go to bed to see all the doors locked.Joseph Addison (1 May 1672 17 June 1719) was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician. H

51、e was the eldest son of The Reverend Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend, Richard Steele, with whom he founded The Spectator magazine.Daniel Defoe was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer, and spy, most famous for his novel Robins

52、on Crusoe. Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patricks Cathedral, Dublin. Angst-free Laisser-faire Attitude to Committee Set up : Regulate :Or

53、der;Standardize;Adjust 新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(3).mp3 英语母语者也并非一直对自己语言的这种英语母语者也并非一直对自己语言的这种放任态度放任态度毫不在意。毫不在意。18世纪便有三位作世纪便有三位作家家约瑟夫约瑟夫爱迪生（爱迪生（旁观者周刊旁观者周刊的的创立者）、丹尼尔创立者）、丹尼尔笛福（笛福（鲁滨逊漂流记鲁滨逊漂流记的作者）以及约翰森的作者）以及约翰森斯威夫特（斯威夫特（格列佛格列佛游记游记的作者）希望的作者）希望建立建立一个委员会来一个委员会来规规范范英语。英语。 Main idea of paragraph

54、5 : Fogy-speaker Committee-regulate 5.Fortunately, the principles of free 5.Fortunately, the principles of free trade triumphedtrade triumphed. The success or failure . The success or failure of a language of a language has little to do with has little to do with its its inherent qualities inherent

55、qualities and everything to do and everything to do with the with the power of the people power of the people who speak who speak it.it.Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ito have little to do with:to have little to do with:Other relative phrases:Other relat

56、ive phrases: to have everything to do withto have everything to do with to have much to do withto have much to do with to have nothing to do withto have nothing to do with Triumph: Succeed; Win Have little to do with Inherent:Intrinsic;Innate;Inborn 新世纪商务英语综合教程 第2册Unit1MP3U1-Text I_clip(4).mp3 所幸，自由

57、贸易的原则所幸，自由贸易的原则占了上风占了上风。一种语。一种语言的成败言的成败并不取决于并不取决于它的它的内在内在品质，品质，“而而全在于说这种语言的人拥有多大全在于说这种语言的人拥有多大权力权力。” The main idea No -inherent quality But -the power 6English 6English moved with the timesmoved with the times, and by , and by the 19th century the times were such that the 19th century the times were

58、 such that it had spread across an empire it had spread across an empire on whichon which the sun never set. Itthe sun never set. It thus thus began its rise as began its rise as a a global languageglobal language. . Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundOn hearing “The E

59、mpire on which the sun never sets, what do you think?TEXT ITEXT Ipowerful, universal language, invasion Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ithus: thus: ad.ad. in the way indicated, in this way; accordingly, thereforein the way indicated, in this way; accordi

60、ngly, thereforeUsage:Usage: Which of the following is wrong?Which of the following is wrong?1. We have arrived late. Thus we have to face the penalty. 1. We have arrived late. Thus we have to face the penalty. 2.2. We were not careful, thus we have to pay the fine. We were not careful, thus we have