基于病毒的压电

1、基于病毒的压电发电基于病毒的压电发电报告者：孙鹏报告者：孙鹏学号：学号：201228017419008院系：材料学院院系：材料学院1212班班专业：机械设计制造及自动化专业：机械设计制造及自动化时间：时间：2012年年12月月26日日Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation 关于此文献关于此文献来源：http:/ 期刊名称： Nature Nanotechnology 时间： 2012-05-13 学科领域：生命科学 微生物学 微生物资源与分类学 ISBN： 1748-3387 Virus-based piezoelectric energy ge

2、neration 关于此文献关于此文献作者：作者：Byung Yang Lee, Jinxing Zhang, Chris Zueger, Woo-Jae Chung, So Young Yoo, Eddie Wang,Joel Meyer,Ramamoorthy Ramesh，Seung-Wuk LeeVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation 背景背景应对能源危机1.寻求新能源 太阳能，风能，核能，新型生物能 优点：清洁环保、来源丰富、高效（可根本解决能源危机）2.节能减排 缓解作用（对应对能源危机治标不治本）Virus-based piezoe

3、lectric energy generation 背景背景 努力方向 电气电力方面：高压直流输电（HVDC，750KV，特高800KV），特高压输电（1000KV以上），新型高效电机 提高效率，实现节能，电能高效输运，但依然未从根本上提供应对能源危机的新途径 Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation 背景背景 努力方向“生物发电”不失为一种应对能源危机的新途径几点憧憬1.如果电脑、手机等一边敲键盘一边充电，外出不用找电源多好？2.如果公路靠窜流不息的车辆和行人可以发电多好？ Virus-based piezoelectric energy gen

4、eration Abstract 压电材料 可将机械能转化为电能，并且已有由多种无机材料和有机高分子材料组成的压电器件。合成需要起始化合物，较为苛刻的条件和复杂的程序。 现有的分层组织的自然材料像骨骼、胶原纤维、环肽纳米管等都可呈现出压电特性。 Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Abstract 此文成果 1.证实了M13噬菌体的压电和液晶特性可被用于生物发电。 2.从分子层面表征了M13噬菌体依赖于结构的压电特性。 3.证实了自组装噬菌体薄膜能够呈现出高达7.8pm/V的压电性能优势。 Virus-based piezoelectric

5、energy generation Abstract 此文成果 4.证实了可以调整噬菌体偶极子长度，通过对噬菌体外套蛋白质实施基因工程，从而协调压电响应。 5.研制除了可以产生6nA电流和具有400mV潜力的噬菌体压电发电机，并用其驱动了液晶显示器。 Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Abstract 优势 1.生物工程技术的运用可以大规模生产基因修饰的噬菌体。 2.基于噬菌体的压电材料提供了一个简单的环保的压电发电途径 Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Structure of M13

6、Long rod-like, length 880nm, diameter 6.6nm Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Structure of M13Phage body: covered by 2700 copies(major coat portein PVIII) Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Structure of M13Phage end: 5 copies located ,minor coat proteins PIII (gray)and PIX(black)

7、Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Structure of M13PVIII:ten dipole moment directed from the amino- (N-terminus,blue) to carboxy-(C-terminus,red) Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Structure of M13PVIII:coat proteins assemble with five-fold rotational and two-fold screw symmetry Vi

8、rus-based piezoelectric energy generation Structure of M13PVIII:20tilt angle with respect to the phage long axis，positive (red), neutral (white) ，negative (blue) electrostatic potentials. Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Structure of M13PVIII: side chains , Amino-acids with positively(red

9、) and negatively(blue) charged side chains are labelled in red and blue Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Characterize the piezoelectric properties of the phage at a molecular level. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) Apply electrical signal through metal-coated atomic force microscope(A

10、FM) tip ,scan the sample ,monitor mechanical response Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Characterize the structure-dependent piezoelectric properties at the single-phage level Fabricat : self-assembled phage mono-layer films, patterned as 1- um-wide lines, on gold substrates Monitor: Later

11、al directions PFM(i.LPFM) Axial directions PRM(ii.LPFM) Vertical directions PFM(iii.VPFM) Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Characterize the structure-dependent piezoelectric properties at the single-phage levelAFM topography :7-nm-high phage monolayers with a directionally ordered nematic

12、 structure Virus-based piezoelectric energy generationlCharacterize the structure-dependent piezoelectric properties at the single-phage level i. LPFM :l scanning along the long axesl bright and dark fibril textures Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Characterize the structure-dependent pie

13、zoelectric properties at the single-phage level ii. LPFM: l Lateral PFM perpendicular to the long axes by rotating the sample through 90l the fibril texture contrast disappearedVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation Characterize the structure-dependent piezoelectric properties at the single-pha

14、ge level iii. VPFM: compressive piezoelectricityl Scanning verticallyl compressive piezoelectricity due to the breaking of the fivefold rotational symmetry under an electric field. Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Characterize the structure-dependent piezoelectric properties at the single

15、-phage level Net dipole moment: causes the cantilever to undergo torsion in opposite directions ,oriented antiparallel to one another Radial component:l the tilt angle (20) of the a-helical coat proteins l helical screw advancement of the dipole show the existence of shear piezoelectricity Virus-bas

16、ed piezoelectric energy generation Modulated the piezoelectric strength of the phage Using recombinant DNA techniques Engineered the PVIII N-terminus with a variable number of the negatively charged amino-acid glutamate (E) Phage monolayers were prepared with 1E-, 2E-, 3E-and 4E-phages Virus-based p

17、iezoelectric energy generation Chemical structure-dependent piezo-electric response of genetically engineered phagesEffective piezoelectric coefficient 1E-phage: 0.14 +0.03 pm /V(lowest) 4E-phage:0.70+0.05 pm /V(highest) Increase for each additional negative charge up to the 4E-phageVirus-based piez

18、oelectric energy generation Control the thickness of the phage films to enhance the the piezoelectric properties AFM topography imagel smectic aligned structure with a band spacing of 1 uml ridge and groove band pattern (PVIII ,PIII ,PIX)l effective piezoelectric coefficient : ridge areas groove are

19、as, Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation The effect of the thickness Piezoelectric response Increase with the thickness (saturated:100nm3.9pm/v) ComparisonPeriodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) Type I collagen filmsVirus-based piezoelectric energy generationl phage-based generatorlmeasurem

20、ent set-upVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation Piezoelectric coefficient:When the indentation of the AFM tip into the sample ( 2 nm) is less than the tip radius (10 nm)Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation The Effect of the Humidity To other organic materies: water content affect the pi

21、ezoelectricity To phage film:l piezoresponses with in the relative humidity range 3070%l decreased to 1.5 pm /V at a relative humidity 80%Virus-based piezoelectric energy generation Effects of strain amplitude and rate on the peak current Increased linearly strains: 0.06 to 0.1 strain rates:0 to 0.4

22、 /s enhance the current output up to a value of 6 nAVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation Effects of connections In parallel Increase output current In serial Increase output voltage The same polarity Similar electromechanical response phage-based piezoelectric devices can be scaled up to gene

23、rate higher energy outputVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation ExperimentVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation Experience(Using 4E-phage films)Fabricat phage-based piezoelectric energy generators (c)Mechanical strain applied onto the device. (d)Short-circuit current signal (e) open-circu

24、it voltage signalVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation Experience (f) peak current amplitude on strain and strain rate. Strain :the ratio of device vertical displacement to initial device thickness, strain rate: the strain change rate per unit time. (g)Short-circuit current 4nA(in parallel )(h

25、) open-circuit voltage 400mV(in serial)summation of two different devicesUnder simultaneous mechanical stimulus. signals from the two devices add to give increased current and voltage signalsVirus-based piezoelectric energy generation Summary develop a biopiezoelectric device made of genetically mod

26、ified bacterial viruses (M13 phages) The liquid-crystalline property of these phages enables self-assembly into phage films, resulting in the simple fabrication of piezoelectric generators with sufficient energy output to turn on a liquid-crystal display A higher energy output can be obtained by combining ordered phage films in series or parallel configurationsVirus-based piezoelectric energy gener