高三一轮复习专题五 名词 考点聚焦法讲解与练习（无答案）

1、.专题五 名词考点聚焦个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体。集体名词：表示由若干个体组成的集合体。物质名词：表示无法再分为个体的实物。抽象名词：表示动作、状态、感情等抽象概念。1、 名词的分类 专有名词可数名词 个体名词 集体名词不可数名词 普通名词 物质名词 抽象名词2、 名词的句法功能1、 作主语：The teacher arrived.2、 作表语：He is an actor.3、 作宾语：I bought a book. 动宾 I spoke to my mother. 介宾 4、 作定语：Is it a time table?5、 作同位语：The teacher has great

2、 concern for us students.6、 作称呼语：Please come in, Comrade Li.3、 名词的数1、 可数名词复数的规那么变化情况方法例词一般情况加-sstudents, teachers, doctors, tables以s, x,ch,sh结尾加-esglasses, dishes, boxes, watches以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加-esfamilies, babies, armies, bodies以元音字母+y结尾加-sboys, toys以f或fe结尾大多数变f或fe为v，再加-esthieves, wives, knives, sh

3、elves,lives少数加-sbeliefs, proofs, roofs, chiefs 以o结尾通常加-sradios, videos, zoos, tobaccos有的加-estomatoes, potatoes,heroes合成名词把中心词变为复数passers-by,story-tellers, housewives2、 少数不规那么的复数形式1) 变换名词内部元音字母构成复数goose-geese foot-feet man-mentooth-teeth mouse-mice woman-women2) 单复数同形的名词sheep deer works 工厂 means 方式3)

4、 常以复数形式出现的名词：clothes glasses chopsticks trousersgoods contents belongings surroundings4) 集体名词的数 侧重整体时，表单数意义；侧重成员时，表复数意义class family team police 4、 名词的数量修饰语1、 只修饰可数名词many few/a few several many a 后跟单数可数名词 a number of quite a few2、 只修饰不可数名词little/a little much a bit of a great deal of/ a large amount

5、of3、 既可修饰可数，也可修饰不可数some any enough plenty of a lot ofquantities of the rest of 5、 名词的格1、 所有格的含义：1) 表示所属：Toms car2) 表示类别：a womens college 女子学院3) 表示动作的执行者或承受着：the teachers praise childrens education2、 所有格的两种种不同形式1） s所有格 表示人或其它有生命的名词，常在词尾加smy sisters telephone number表示两者或多者各自的关系时，分别加s或;表示两者或多者共同拥有时，在最后

6、一个名词加s或Toms and Jims rooms Tom and Jims room表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词常省略。at the barbers at the teachers at me uncles 表示详细的时间、间隔 、城镇等ten minutesbreak Londons water system2) of所有格of所有格用于表示无生命的名词；名词短语或有定语修饰的名词也可以用of所有格。the tittle of the song the window of the roomThe life of the poor the name of the

7、boy standing there双重所有格 名词+of+名词所有格：a friend of my fathers 名词+of+名词性物主代词：some friends of mine 6、 构词法-名词1、 后加-tion,表示“行为或状态：action, collection, suggestion, invitation, information, instruction, pollution, solution.2、 后加-ment,表示“行为或结果：achievement, management, amusement, requirement, statement, develop

8、ment, equipment, disagreement, advertisement, appointment.3、 后加-er/-or，表示“.的人：reporter, waiter, interviewer, player, farmer, learner, actor, visitor, director, inventor.4、 后加-ant，表示“.的人：assistant, attendant, servant, merchant.5、 后加-ist，表示“.专家,从事.的人：tourist, violinist, pianist, artist, scientist.6、 后

9、加-ian/-an，表示“有.特征的，专长于.的人：musician, historian, physician.7、 后加-ice，表示“行为、性质、状态：notice, justice, service, choice.8、 后加-dom,表示“集体，领域，状态：freedom, kingdom, wisdom. 真题演练1. This switch has decreased pollute in the countrys major lakes.2. Im a science who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 3. This t

10、rend has had some unintended side effect such as overweight and heart disease.4. It allowed people to avoid terrible crowd on the roads.5. This development was only possible with the introduce of electric-powered engines and lifts.6. She is determined to carry on with her educate.7. She has turned d

11、own several invitation to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.8. So youll feel a real sense of achieve.9. Recent study show that we are far more productive at work.10. The great Chinese scholar Confucius influenced the develop of chopsticks.11. Dark waters of the Li River are pictur

12、ed by artists in so many Chinese painting.12. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their able to “air condition a house.13. Most of us the change are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.14. Making Chinese dish is seen as especially troublesome.15. LenaPahlssonpulled out a handful of

13、small carrot. 单句填空1. Was it because of his _ lazy that he didnt do the experiment successfully?2. The governments are very cautious about setting a new policy and make no _ decide until they are quite sure they are the right ones.3. _ misunderstand arising from lack of social _ communicate, unless h

14、andled properly, may lead to serious problem.4. We are now in great trouble, so your financial aid will certainly make a _ different.5. The successful landing on the moon by the Change-3 can be a strong _ motivate for space travel.6. _ prevent is better than cure, and medication should consider the needs of individuals.7. -Do you still believe in your net-friend? -Yes, I always hold the _ believe that he is an honest fellow.8. Anyway, I cant cheat parents-Its against my _ principle.9.