初中英语定语从句讲解教师版

1、初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版)一 定语从句及相关术语1定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的 先行词后面。2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose,as等；关系畐【J词有 where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中 担当一个成分。二关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1) the boys who are playing football are from class one.

2、(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 mr. liu is the pers on (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用 who代替，可省略。(3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省

3、略 football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于 who或者whom;指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中 做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one millio n.(6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning?5

4、. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i once lived in a house whose roof has falle n in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) the classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired.(4) the classroom the door of which is broke n will soon be repaired.(5) do you like the book w

5、hose cover is yellow?(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词 +关系代词引导(1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) the school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you as

6、ked for.(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magaz ine for which you asked.(5) we'll go to hear the famous sin ger (whom/that/who) we have ofte n talked about.(6) we'll go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we have ofte n talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) t

7、his is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which，不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)(2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f)(3) the plane in which w

8、e flew to canada is very comfortable. (t)(4) the pla ne in that we flew in to can ada is very comfortable.3. 介词 + 关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代 词或者数词(1) he loved his pare nts deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) in the basket there are quite many apples, so

9、me ofwhich have gone bad.(3) there are forty stude nts in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.解答"介词+关系代词"类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动 词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平 时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：in the dark street, there was n't a sin gle pers onshe could turn for h

10、elp.a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某 人求助)"。所以，d是正确选项。四关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) i still remember the day whe n i first came to the school.(2) the time whe n we got together fin ally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) sha ngha

11、i is the city where i was born.(2) the house where i lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) please tell me the reas on why you missed the pla ne.(2) i don't know the reas on why he looks un happy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) the reason why/ for which he re

12、fused the invitation is not clear,(2) from the year whe n/in which he was going to school he bega n to know what he wan ted whe n he grew up.(3) great cha nges have take n place in the city in which/where i was born.关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例

13、如：there are occasi ons whe n (on which) one must yield 任何人都有不得不屈服的时 候。beiji ng is the place where (in which) i was born.北京是我的出生地。is this the reas on why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他 的理由吗？五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例： the teacher told me that tom was the only pers on that i could depe n

14、d on.(2) chi na is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) chi na, which was foun ded in 1949, is beco ming more and more powerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) his brother who is now a doctor always en courages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥

15、常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)(2) his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析(一) 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1. 当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时(1)

16、 have you take n dow n everyth ing that mr. li has said?(2) there seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) all that can be done has bee n done.(4) there is little that i can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(4) any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.

17、2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) the first place that they visited in london was the big ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) this is the best film that i have see n.4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时(1) this is the very dict ionary that i want to buy,(2) after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词

18、指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(3) wang hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) who is the man that is standing there?(2) which is the t-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1) can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?(二) 关系代词as

19、和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1. as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) he married her, as/which was n atural.(2) he was hon est, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一 个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外， as有正 如，正像”的意思 as is known to all, china is a develop ing co

20、un try.(2) he is from the south, as we can see from his acce nt.(3) john, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) he has bee n to paris more tha n several times, which i don't believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) tom was always late for school, which made his teacher an gry.3. 当先行次受such, the same

21、(修饰时，常用as(1) i have n ever heard such a story as he tells.(2) he is not such a fool as he looks.(3) this is the same book as i lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所 引导的定语从句意思不同(4) she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedd ing.她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) she wore the sa

22、me dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(三) 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以 省略。(1) the way in which/ that/./ he an swered the questi on was surpris ing.(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) there are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't)(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句1 定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具 体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)