英语从句讲解

1、Simple sentenceCompound sentenceComplex sentence从句：名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同 位语从句）形容词性从句（定语从句）副词性从句（状语从句）英语中六大从句用法总结在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句1.主语从句 subjective clause一般由 what, who, which, why, how, when, which, whether - or等引导，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用 it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：It is self-evident that 很明显的是It goes wi

2、thout saying that 不用说It is asserted that.有人主张It is believed that .据信It is generally considered that.人们普遍认为It is hoped that.人们希望It is reported that.据报道It is said that.据说It is supposed that.据推测.It is well-known that .众所周知It must be admitted that.必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It must be pointed ou

3、t that.需指出的是 It was told that .据传It will be said that .有人会说 It follows that 由此可见It is inappropriate that是不合适的2) what引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时” 一般不用it作形式主语。What we lack is experience.3) what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did

4、know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句 objective clause1 )宾语从句可位于 及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接 疑问词引导的宾语从句。inthat（因为）,except that（除了）,but that（只是）已构成固定搭 配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*1 promised that I would change the situation.*AII this is different from what American young people would say about friendsh

5、ip.*He is certain that watching so much television is not goodfor children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.Compliment2）宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3）在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词

6、移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。He didnt think that the money was well spent.2.表语从句 Predictive clauseLinking verb表语从句出现在结构为主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用 that, what, when, why, whether, how 等引 导外，还可由because, as if(though) 等引导。that常可省略。 如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用 because.Perhaps the most important thing to remembe

7、r is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4. 同位语从句 appositional clause同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连 词that引导，由于先行

8、名词的意义不同，也可用 whether, who, when, where, what, why, how 等引导。常见的先行名 词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestio n,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.T

9、he news came that their team had won the championship.5. 定语从句 attributive clause定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是 名词或代词，也可以是一个 句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由 关系代词或关系副 词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先 行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词 有 who, whom, whose, which, that 等。who, whom, whose 用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于 of which ； which用于指物

10、；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于 限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行 词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with

11、 her grandmother.1）当先行词是 all, anything, everything, something, nothing 等不定代词 或先行词前有 first, last, any, few, much, some,no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。That is all that Ive heard from him.Hes the first person that Im going to interview thisafternoon.2）关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that

12、，只可用which或whom引导从句， 并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾 语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with.3) 引导定语从句的 关系副词 有when, where, why 等。关系副 词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个 介词+which ”的结构。Even in comic books where(二in which) there

13、 are no words, the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(二for which) he was so angry that day.*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起 补充说明作用，与 主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可 省略。Every object has a gravitational pull , which is rather likemagnetism.介词

14、whose”引导的定语从句介词whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语 动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.The girl to whom you speak is my sister.*as引导的定语从句as弓I导的定语从句主要用于 such.as ”及the same.as ”的 结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。 as引导非限制性定语 从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、 之后或中间。These are not suc

15、h problems as can be easily solved.（as 代替先行词 problems）As is mentioned above, no single company or group cancontrol what happens on the lnternet.（as 代替主语）6. 状语从句 adverbial clause*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1) when, whenever, while, as, after, before, since, till, until, once 等。We have learnt quite a lot

16、 about it since we came here.2) as soon as, hardly(scarcely)when, no soonerthan, each(every) time, the moment, immediately(that) 等。As soon as I sent an e-mail message, I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where, wherever.Wherever she

17、went, she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since, now(that),seeing that, considering that, I n that 等。Considering that he is a freshman, we must say he is doing well.2) 引导结果状语从句的连词有：so.that, such.that,so that, that, so 等。Mickey Mouse is so attractive that

18、 the children are reluctant to leave.3) 引导目的状语从句 的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, lest 等，从句常使用 may, might, can, could, would 等 情态动词。We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句1) 引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, in case , provided(providing) that , supposing 等。As long as you have the right equipment, you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2) 引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有t