考前10天语法过一遍：2、名词和主谓一致

1、2012高考英语考前10天语法过一遍二、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名 词普通名词国名地 名人名， 团体机 构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换 个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质 She held some flowers in her hand. The trees are now in flower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词 Youth is beautiful. He is a youth of twenty青春抽象名词年轻人个体名词 They have achieved remarkable success in their

2、 work. How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质 Iron .is a kind of metal. Please lend me your iron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词 He broke a piece of glass. He broke a glass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词 I bought a chicken this morning Please help yourself to some chick

3、en小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换一I ' dkeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could h aveword with the manager. He might be helpful具有动作意义A. some ,aB. an, someC. some, someD. an, a的抽象名词加 They sent usword of the latest happenings.（消息；扌由象名词）用与某些动词A.aB.anC./D.the（如:have 等） Could

4、 we haveword before you go to the meeting?（话； 个体名词）连A.aB.anC./D.the用，表示某一次类例：短暂的动作have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bathmake an advance进步）/make an early start（早点出发）/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain（发出痛苦的叫声 ）/give a try表示知识和时 Many people

5、 agree that knowledge of English is a must ininternational间的抽象名词trade today.A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD. /, the转换为普通名a knowledge of truth（知道实际情况）词时可以用来表示give a fuller knowledge of China（提供关于中国更为翔实的知识）其中的一部分have a knowledge of shorthand（有速记的知识 ） If there were no examination, we should haveat school.A.

6、the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest time D.a much happier timeis money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换 Oh, John.you gave me!为普通名词可A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise用来表示 一C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise次、一阵、一种” She looked upwhen I shouted.具体的行

7、为、事A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise一件、现象或结其它例子： The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant果。这时名词前surprise往往有形容词 It iswork of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.修饰A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusualII.名词的数规则

8、名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, ca

9、ttle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关）,forces（军队）,times（时代）,spirits（情绪）,drinks（饮料）, sands沙滩）,papers（文件报纸）,manners（礼貌）,looks（外表）,brains（头脑 智力）,greens（青菜）,ruins（废墟）7表

10、示某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man 或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成 名词将主体名词变为复 数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数wome

11、n singers, men servantsIII.主谓一致规则情况举例以单数名词或代词动His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy.词不定式短语，动名Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.词短语或从句作主语What he said is very important for us all.时，谓语动词一般用由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若单数形式；主语为复表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓数时，

12、谓语动词语动词用复数形式。用复数形式。what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由连接词and或Lucy and Lily are twins语bothand连接起来The writer and artist has come.的主语后面，要用复Every student and every teach is in the classroom.数形式的谓语动词。Many a boy and many a girl likes it.但若所连接的两个词No boy and

13、no girl likes it.法是指同一个人或物Each of us has a new book.Is everyone here today?时，它后面的谓语就Somebody is speaking in class.Everything around us is matter用单数形式。由and若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它连接的并列单数主语后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。-一-前如果分别有no.None of the sugar was left.each, every 或 more than a (an)/one,many

14、 a (an)修饰时，其谓None of us has (have) been to America.致语动词要用单数形 式。either, neither, each, every 或 no+单 数名词和由some,原any no, every 构成的复合不定代词，都作 单数看待。.在定语从句里，关系Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.代词 that, who, whichHe is one of my friends who are worki ng hard.则等作主语时，其谓语 动词的数应与句中

15、先 行词的数一致。He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在强调句型中应与被It is Lwho am going to the cinema tonight.强调部分一致It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集体名词指的是The police are looking for the lost child.整个集体，它的谓语The cattle are eating grass in the field.动词用单数形式；如His family has moved to

16、the south .(他的一家)果它指的集体的成His family are watching TV .(他的家人)员，其谓语动词用复Class four is on the third floor.(四班)数形式Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.(四班的学生)由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+ 名 词构成的短语以及由 分数或百分数+名词 构成的短语作主语 时，其谓语动词的数 要根据短语中后面名 词的数而定。

17、There are a lot of people in the classroom.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依 number而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number

18、 of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.逻辑.->v. 意义致原则What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词 可以是单数，也可是 复数，主要靠意思来 决定。Which is your bag?Which are your ba

19、gs?Are any of you good at English?Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done.All is going well.All have been taken out.All have gone to Beijing.表示时间重量长度价 值等的名词的复数作 主语时，谓语动词通 常用单数形式，这是 由于作主语的名词在 概念上是一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数

20、形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英语是书名名格言 剧名报名国名等的复 数形式，其谓语动词 通常用单数形式。The United States is smaller than China.“ The Arabian Nights ” is an interestingbriofy表数量的短语“oneand a half后面接复数名词作主语时，其 谓语动词要用单数形 式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如： mathematics, politics, phy

21、sics 以及 news, works等。都属于形 式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名 词，它们作主语时，其谓 语动词要用单数形 式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造 纸厂建于 1990 年。I don 'hink physics is easy to study.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors剪刀）等词作 主语时，谓语用复数， 但如果这些名词前有 a（the） pair of 等量词 修饰时（clothes被a suit of修饰）谓语动 词用单数。My glasses are broken.

22、The pair of shoes under the bed is his.定冠词the+形容词 或分词”，表示某一类 人动词用复数；若表 示某一类东西时，动 词用单数。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/远致原则当两个主语，由 either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or连接时，谓语动词 和邻近的主语保持一 致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friend