CCNA 路由器基本配置

1、 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-1路由器的基本配置路由器的基本配置 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-2完成本章的学习后完成本章的学习后, ,您可以完成下面的任务您可以完成下面的任务: : 创建一个创建一个 启动或启动或 运行配置文件运行配置文件 在全局配置模式下对路由器进行配置在全局配置模式下对路由器进行配置 配置一个串口配置一个串口 选择下载选择下载IOSIOS文件的路径文件的路径 如何备份路

2、由器的如何备份路由器的IOSIOS文件文件 使用使用setup modesetup mode对路由器进行一些基本配置对路由器进行一些基本配置目标目标 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-3使用使用 Setup Setup 模式配置路由器模式配置路由器Router#setup - System Configuration Dialog -At any point you may enter a question mark ? for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configura

3、tion dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets .Continue with configuration dialog? yes/no:yesFirst, would you like to see the current interface summary? yes:no 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-4在在SetupSetup模式中配置全局参数模式中配置全局参数Configuring global para

4、meters: Enter host name Router:P1R1The enable secret is a one-way cryptographic secret usedinstead of the enable password when it exists. Enter enable secret : Enter enable password :% Please choose a password that is different from the enable secret Enter enable password :cisco Enter virtual termin

5、al password : Configure SNMP Network Management? no: Configure IP? yes: Configure IGRP routing? yes: Your IGRP autonomous system number 1:. 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-5Configuring interface parameters:Configuring interface TokenRing0: Is this interface in use?

6、no: Configuring interface Serial0: Is this interface in use? yes: Configure IP on this interface? yes: Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? no: IP address for this interface: 7 Number of bits in subnet field 0: Class B network is , 0 subnet bits; mask is Config

7、ure Novell on this interface? yes: noConfiguring interface Serial1: Is this interface in use? yes: no在在SetupSetup模式配置端模式配置端口口 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-6Setup Setup 模式下的配置一览功能模式下的配置一览功能The following configuration command script was created:hostname P1R1enable

8、secret 5 $1$g722$dg2UVvWG6eekNRTE5LfmM/enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanfransnmp-server community!ip routingno decnet routing no xns routingnovell routingno apollo routingappletalk routingno clns routingno vines no bridge no mop enabled- More -interface TokenRing0shutdown!interface Ser

9、ial0ip address 7 interface Serial1shutdown!router igrp 200network !endUse this configuration? yes/no: yesOKUse the enabled mode configure command to modify this configuration. 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-7Router(config)#RouterRout

10、er#其它配置模式其它配置模式ExitCtrl-Z (end)路由器操作模式一览路由器操作模式一览用户模式用户模式用户特权模式用户特权模式全局配置模式全局配置模式配置模式配置模式提示符提示符端口端口Router(config-if)#子端口子端口 Router(config-subif)#控制器控制器Router(config-controller)#终端线终端线Router(config-line)#路由路由Router(config-router)#IPX-路由路由 Router(config-ipx-router)#Route-mapRouter(config-route-map)# 2

11、004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-8如何改变路由器的标识如何改变路由器的标识 为路由器或具体端口配置相应的标识为路由器或具体端口配置相应的标识路由器的主机名路由器的主机名Router(config)#hostname P1R1P1R1#欢迎词信息欢迎词信息P1R1(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #端口标识端口标识P1R1(co

12、nfig)#interface ethernet 0P1R1(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-9配置密码配置密码Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password ciscoConsole 密码密码虚终端密码虚终端密码Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(c

13、onfig-line)#login Router(config-line)#password ciscoEnable 密码密码Router(config)#enable password ciscoSecret 密码密码Router(config)#enable secret ccna 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-10其他命令其他命令Router(config)#service password-encryption给所有密码加密给所有密码加密Router(config)#line cons

14、ole 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0防止自动退出特权模式防止自动退出特权模式Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous防止命令中断防止命令中断 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-11Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#端口的配置端口的配置 端口类型包括端口类型包括 serial, ethe

15、rnet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, tunnel number用来标识具体的端口用来标识具体的端口Router(config-if)#exit 退出当前的端口配置模式退出当前的端口配置模式Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)# 针对针对Cisco 7000和和7200系列路由器系列路由器 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.01

16、0-12Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#端口的配置端口的配置( (续续) ) type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel number is used to identify individual interfacesRouter(config-if)#exit Quit from current interface configuration mo

17、deRouter(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)# For the Cisco 7000 and 7200 series routers 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-13Router#show interfaces Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 0060.4740.c2b6 (bia 0060.4740.c2b6) MTU

18、 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00Serial1 is up, line protocol is down Hardware is MK5025 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 9/255 Encapsul

19、ation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)show interfaces show interfaces 命令命令. 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-14Router#show interface serial 1Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is cxBus Serial Description: 56Kb Line San Jose - MP : : : : : : : :

20、 : :可操作可操作. . . . . . . . . . . . . .连接问题连接问题. . . . . . . . . . . .端口问题端口问题. . . . . . . . . . . .人为不可用人为不可用. . . . . . . . . .Serial1 is up, line protocol is upSerial1 is up, line protocol is downSerial1 is down, line protocol is downSerial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down协议正常协议正常载

21、波检测正常载波检测正常端口状态的解释端口状态的解释 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-15配置一个串口配置一个串口 进入全局配置模式进入全局配置模式Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000Router(config-if)#Router(config)#interface serial 1Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#Router(config-if)#bandwidth 56Router(c

22、onfig-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#进入具体端口配置模式进入具体端口配置模式设置设置DCE 时钟速率时钟速率设置带宽设置带宽 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-16检查检查 DCE/DTE DCE/DTE 状态状态Router#show controllers serial 1HD unit 1, idb = 0 xBFD3C, driver structure at 0 xC39A0buffer size 1524 HD unit 1, V.35 DC

23、E cable, clockrate 56000cpb = 0 x83, eda = 0 x800, cda = 0 x814RX ring with 16 entries at 0 x83080000 bd_ptr=0 x0800 pak=0 x0C54F0 ds=0 x836938 status=80 pak_size=2201 bd_ptr=0 x0814 pak=0 x0C5158 ds=0 x835BC8 status=80 pak_size=2202 bd_ptr=0 x0828 pak=0 x0C4F8C ds=0 x835510 status=80 pak_size=26903

24、 bd_ptr=0 x083C pak=0 x0C4DC0 ds=0 x834E58 status=80 pak_size=2204 bd_ptr=0 x0850 pak=0 x0C6184 ds=0 x839840 status=80 pak_size=2205 bd_ptr=0 x0864 pak=0 x0C4BF4 ds=0 x8347A0 status=80 pak_size=22. 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-17检查所做的修改检查所做的修改Router#show interfac

25、es serial 1Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MK5025 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 56 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 9/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:01, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Outp

26、ut queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 1000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Five minute output rate 2000 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 331885 packets input, 62400237 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 230457 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 3 input errors, 3 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 igno

27、red, 0 abort 403591 packets output, 66717279 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets, 0 restarts 45 carrier transitions 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-18其它端口的配置其它端口的配置Router(config)#interface ethernet 2Router(config-if)#media-type 10bas

28、eT选择以太网端口的介质类型选择以太网端口的介质类型 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-19重新打开一个人为关闭的端重新打开一个人为关闭的端口口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 1Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial1, changed state to down%LINK-5-CHANGED: Inte

29、rface Serial, changed state to administratively down关闭一个端口关闭一个端口在不改变配置的情况下人为地关闭一个端口在不改变配置的情况下人为地关闭一个端口Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 1Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPTOWN: Interface Serial, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial1, chang

30、ed state to up 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-20检查对路由器所做的修改检查对路由器所做的修改 (10.3+(10.3+版本版本) )Yes对路由器进行配置对路由器进行配置检测结果检测结果Router#show running-config结果是否正确结果是否正确保存配置保存配置Router#copy running-config startup-configRouter#copy running-config tftp检查保存文件检查保存文件Router#show startu

31、p-configNo删除修改删除修改覆盖修改覆盖修改Router(config)#no.Router#copy start runRouter#copy TFTP runRouter#reloadRouter#copy TFTP startRouter#reload重启重启清除清除NVRAMRouter#erase startRouter#reload 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-21保存配置文件保存配置文件 (10.3+(10.3+版本版本) )Router#copy running-co

32、nfig startup-configRouter#RAMRouter#copy running-config tftpRemote host 55?RAMTFTP or rcp server 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-22使用使用 Telnet Telnet 登陆到远程设备登陆到远程设备RouterARouterBS0S1RouterA#telnet 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All righ

33、ts reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-23查看查看Telnet Telnet 连接连接RouterARouterBS0S1RouterB#show userRouterB显示当前用户显示当前用户 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-24暂停一个暂停一个TelentTelent 会话会话RouterARouterBS0S1RouterB# x暂停连接暂停连接RouterA# resume conn-number继

34、续连接继续连接RouterA#show sessionRouterA显示连接会话显示连接会话 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-25RouterA#disconnect Closing connection to confirmRouterB#clear line vtynumberconfirm OK中止一个中止一个TelentTelent 会话会话在远程设备上终止在远程设备上终止TELNET在本地终止在本地终止TELNET会话会话RouterARouterB1

35、S0S1 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-26Router#show versionIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 11.2 (6), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 06-May-97 16:17 by kuongImage text-base: 0 x0303ED8C, data-base:

36、0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWAREROM: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), version 10.2 (8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 21 hours, 13 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l.112-6.bin, booted via flash Configuration regis

37、ter is 0 x2102 设置配置寄存器的值设置配置寄存器的值. 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-27配置寄存器中第配置寄存器中第0 0到第到第3bit3bit用来指定如何下载用来指定如何下载IOSIOS用用 show versionshow version 命令检查配置寄存器的值命令检查配置寄存器的值配置寄存器配置寄存器配置寄存器值配置寄存器值0 x21000 x2102 到到 0 x210F0 x2101含义含义启动后进入启动后进入 ROM monitor状态状态到到NVRAM 中寻找有

38、没有中寻找有没有boot system 命令命令(0 x2 为缺省值为缺省值 )从从ROM中的中的IOS子集启动子集启动Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-28路由器密码的恢复：路由器密码的恢复：冷关机，然后再开机并在冷关机，然后再开机并在6060秒内按秒内按+进入进入ROMROM监视器模式监视器模式 o/r 0 x2142 o/r 0

39、 x2142 - confreg confreg 0 x2142 -16xx 0 x2142 - I I（重新启动）（重新启动）router enable router enable router# copy startup-config running-config router# copy startup-config running-config router# configure terminal router# configure terminal router(config)# enable secret New-Password router(config)# enable se

40、cret New-Password router(config)# config-register 0 x2102 router(config)# config-register 0 x2102 router(configrouter(config)# )# z z router# copy running-config startup-configrouter# copy running-config startup-config router# reloadrouter# reload 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 6

41、40-801 v4.010-29利用网络备份一个利用网络备份一个IOSIOS映像文件映像文件路由器路由器检查服务器剩余空间检查服务器剩余空间检查映像文件的命名方式检查映像文件的命名方式检查服务器的可达性检查服务器的可达性 网络服务器网络服务器c2500-js-l.112-6 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-30Router#show flash System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 7871172 c2500-js-l.112-6.bi

42、n7871236 bytes used, 517372 available, 8388608 total8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)察看察看flashflash的相关内容的相关内容察看察看flashflash中的剩余空间中的剩余空间 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-31Router#show flash System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 7871172

43、 c2500-js-l.112-6.bin7871236 bytes used, 517372 available, 8388608 total8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)IOSIOS映像文件名映像文件名 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-32Router#copy flash tftpSystem flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 7871172 c2500-js-

44、l.112-6.bin7871236 bytes used, 517372 available, 8388608 total8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)IP address of remote host 55? 11filename to write on tftp host? c2500-js-l.112-6 writing c2500-js-l.112-6 ! successful tftp write.Router#创建一个创建一个IOSIOS的备份文件的备份

45、文件在更新在更新 FlashFlash前做一个备份文件前做一个备份文件 网络服务器网络服务器copy flash tftp 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-33下载配置文件下载配置文件 (10.3+(10.3+及以后版本及以后版本) )Console or TerminalRAMTFTP Serverconfigure terminalcopy startup-config running-configcopy tftp running-configcopy tftp startup-confi

46、g 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-34 从从TFTP ServerTFTP Server下载配置文件下载配置文件Router#copy tftp running-configHost or network configuration file host?IP address of remote host 55? 55Name of configuration file Router-confg? P1R1.2Configure using P1R

47、1.2 from 55? confirm yBooting P1R1.2 from 55:! OK - 874/16000 bytesP1R1#TFTP ServerRAM 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-35Router#copy tftp flashIP address or name of remote host 55? 11Name of tftp filename to copy into fl

48、ash ? c4500-js-lcopy c4500-js-l.112-6 from 11 into flash memory? confirmxxxxxxxx bytes available for writing without erasure.erase flash before writing? confirmClearing and initializing flash memory (please wait)#.#Loading from 11: !(text omitted) OK - 324572/524212 bytesVerify

49、ing checksum.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV(text omitted)Flash verification successful. Length = 1804637, checksum = 0 xA5D3从网络升级从网络升级IOSIOS系统会在下载新的版本前首先抹掉旧系统会在下载新的版本前首先抹掉旧FlashFlashNetworkServer 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-

50、801 v4.010-36覆盖现存的版本覆盖现存的版本对于那些新对于那些新, ,旧映像文件版本相同的情况旧映像文件版本相同的情况网络服务器网络服务器Router#copy tftp flashIP address or name of remote host 55? 11Name of tftp filename to copy into flash ? c4500-js-l.112-6 File c4500-js-l.112-6 already exists; it will be invalidated!Copy c4500-js-l.112

51、-6 from 11 into flash memory? confirmxxxxxxxx bytes available for writing without erasure.erase flash before writing? confirmClearing and initializing flash memory (please wait)#.#Loading from 11: !(text omitted) OK - 324572/524212 bytesVerifying checksum.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

52、VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV(text omitted)Flash verification successful. Length = 1204637, checksum = 0 x95D9 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-37路由器基本配置一览路由器基本配置一览把配置文件下载到把配置文件下载到RAMRAM改变路由器的个性化标识改变路由器的个性化标识配置访问密码配置访问密码配置路由器相应的端口配置路由器相应的端

53、口把配置文件保存把配置文件保存到到NVRAMNVRAM 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-38路由器启动顺序路由器启动顺序1.先进行POST,测试硬件2.bootstrap 查找和加载IOS3.IOS 在NVRAM 中查找有效的startup-comfig 配置文件4.如果在NVRAM 里查找到了这个配置文件,router 就可操作;如果文件不存在,router 进到setup 模式 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-80

54、1 v4.010-39进入进入ROM monitor状态状态配置下载配置下载IOSIOS文件的路径文件的路径配置寄存器配置寄存器 设置配置寄存器的值可以改变下载路由器设置配置寄存器的值可以改变下载路由器IOS映像文件的路径映像文件的路径 Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system flash IOS_filenameRouter(config)#boot system tftp IOS_filename tftp_addressRouter(config)# Ctrl-ZRouter#copy running-config start

55、up-config当在当在 NVRAM中没找到中没找到Boot system命令命令缺省的到缺省的到flash中去找中去找IOS如果如果flash是空的是空的缺省的再到缺省的再到 TFTP server中去找中去找IOS 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-40Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system flash c2500-js-l Ctrl-ZRouter#copy running-config startup-config从从fla

56、sh启动启动从网络启动从网络启动Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system tftp test.exe 11Ctrl-ZRouter#copy running-config startup-config多条多条 boot systemboot system 命令可以设定下载命令可以设定下载IOSIOS的顺序的顺序NVRAMNVRAM中的中的boot systemboot system选项选项 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4

57、.010-41Router(config)#给主机名静态的指定一个给主机名静态的指定一个IPIP地址地址可以有多个可以有多个IPIP地址与主机名对应地址与主机名对应主机名主机名ip host name tcp-port-number address address ip host P1R1 ip host P1R2 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-42指定一个或多个主机提供从主机名到逻辑地址的映射指定一个或多个主机提供从主机名到逻辑地址的映射服务服务

58、Router(config)#配置名字服务器配置名字服务器ip name-server server-address1 server-address2 . server-address6 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-43路由器缺省启用路由器缺省启用DNS DNS 服务服务关闭名字服务关闭名字服务Router(config)#Router(config)#名字系统名字系统ip domain-lookupno ip domain-lookup 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

59、All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-44显示主机名显示主机名Router# show hostsDefault domain is not setName/address lookup uses static mappingsHost Flags Age Type Address(es)P1R1 (perm, OK) 5 IP 00 P2R1 (perm, OK) 5 IP 01 P2R2 (perm, OK) * IP 00 7 P2R3 (perm, OK) * IP 1 -More- 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.CCNA 640-801 v4.010-45检验配置的地址检验配置的地址ApplicationTransportInternetNetwork InterfaceHardwareTelnetICMPtracepingApplicationTransportInternetNetwork Inte