BookUnit Working the land 知识点与语法

1、Unit 2 Working the land一、单元要点预览词汇部分词语辨析1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession词形变化1. hunger n.u 饥饿；欲望hungry adj. 饥饿的2. expand v.使变大；伸展expansion n.u,c扩大；扩展3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要satisfied adj. 对表示满意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人满意的sat

2、isfaction n. 满意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n.u 装备；设备6. discover vt.发现，找到discovery n.被发现的事物，发现discoverer n. 发现者重点单词 1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 3. regret (regretted) vt. (对)遗憾；惋惜 n.c,u 遗憾；惋惜4. reduce vt.&vi

3、. 减少；减缩 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.c,u 焦点；中心点6. comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n.c,u 评论；议论重点词组1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)2. rid sb./sth. of 使某人某物摆脱3. be satisfied with 对表示满足或满意4. would rather 宁愿5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往7. keep.free from/of 使免受(影响/伤害)；使不含(有害物) 重点句子1

4、. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.重点语法V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）二、课文要点1、根据课文内容，选择最佳答案。1. What does the word “battle” refer to in the se

5、cond paragraph? A. The low rice output. B. Ridding the world of hunger. C. Fighting against farming. D. The freedom to do research2. Yuan Longping likes to be called a farmer for _. A. he used the land as the r

6、esources for his researchB. his appearance is like that of a farmers C. he struggled for the farmers D. he was born into a farmers family  3. Why is D

7、r Yuan now circulating his knowledge in other countries? A. To teach them to use tools.  B. To earn more money. C. To be famous.  D. To increase their rice

8、 harvests.  4. What is Pare.2 mainly about? A. The present situation of Yuan Longping.B. A brief introduction of his background. C. His achievements. D. Both B 

9、and C. 5. It can be inferred from the text that_. A. Yuan know the importance of rice export B. Yuan is interested in playing the violin C. Yuan is proud of his achievements D. Yuans rice is grown in many countries2、阅读课文，然后完成下列表格Para.Main idea1His (1)_ and super hybrid rice2His birth, (2)_

10、 and achievements3His (3)_4His (4)_3、根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Dr Yuan Longping is a pioneer of agriculture in China. He (1)_ from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then he devoted his life to (2)_ways to grow more rice and succeeded. The rice farmers are now producing harvests twice (3)

11、_large as before by growing his super hybrid rice. (4)_ he was not satisfied with his work.(5)_ now he leads a rich life, he still insists on (6)_ work to develop his rice. His work is really important to the world. Because of his hard work, the production of food has been (7)_And the problem of (8)

12、_ can be solved. Thanks (9)_Yuan Longping's great work, millions of people can benefit (10)_ his extraordinary work.III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. hunger n.u 饥饿；欲望hungry adj. 饥饿的2. expand v.使变大；伸展expansion n.u,c扩大；扩展3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要satisfied adj. 对表示满意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人满意的sa

13、tisfaction n. 满意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n.u 装备；设备6. discover vt.发现，找到discovery n.被发现的事物，发现discoverer n. 发现者【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In some poor African areas, many children died of _ (hungry) every year. 2). The basic needs of the worl

14、d population should _ (satisfy) first. 3). The survey found that men got greater _ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work. 4). The rapid _ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). We were told to keep all our sports _ (equip) in the lockers downstairs.

15、 6). The people there enjoy complete _ (free) of speech. 7). The _ (discover) of electricity was Franklin.8). Like many _ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil. 重点词汇1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力典例 They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。 He has been strugglin

16、g with/against illness for many years. 他已与疾病斗争了许多年了。 词语归纳struggle for 为而斗争struggle with / against与作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事 练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). They are _ _ (为而斗争) the position2). They struggled all through the years _ us _ the Japanese. (介词)3). The fox struggled _ (escape).2. search for 寻找词语归纳 in sea

17、rch of = looking for We are searching for the missing boy. 我们正在寻找那个丢失了的男孩。3. expand vt&vi 使变大；伸展；阐述 expansion n.扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展 典例 He is thinking of expanding his business. 他正考虑扩展他的生意。The eagle expanded its wings. 雄鹰展翅。辨析：expand，extend，enlarge(1)expand可以指尺码、数量、面积、体积等的扩大、增加，也可以指重要性的增强。 (2)extend 着重指长

18、度的延伸，也可以指面积、范围的扩大，还可以用于表示世间的延长。(3)enlarge意为扩大、放大，主要指体积、范围的扩大，一般用作及物动词。运用 用 expand, extend, enlarge 的适当形式填空 In ten years the city's population _ by 12%.Metals _ when they are heated.Can you have these photos _ for me?The tourist season _ from May to October. 4、thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 thanks to 是介词短语，只

19、能作状语，多用于褒义，也可用于讽刺口吻中，引导的介词短语可置于句首或句末。如：Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，我们获得了比预期更大的成功。拓展 (1)because of 意为“因为；由于”，多用于表示直接原因，通常只作状语，不作表语。后面可接名词、代词、分词等。(2)due to 意为“由于；归因于”，可作表语和状语，不可位于句首。(3)owing to 意为“由于”，可作状语和表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末，用逗号将其和句子其他部分隔开。运用 用 thanks t

20、o, because of, owing to, due to 填空This accident was _ the driver's carelessness.They decided to postpone the trip, _ the change of the weather._ your advice, much trouble was saved.He got angry _ what she said.5rid.of 摆脱；除去典例 I want to rid the room of dirt.我想除去房间的灰尘。拓展 get rid of 免除；摆脱 rob sb.of

21、 sth.抢劫某人某物remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事运用 完成句子You should _ (使自己摆脱) that bad habit.You are supposed to _ (摆脱) carelessness.Please _ ( 提醒我一下 ) the date at this time tomorrow.6be satisfied with 对感到满意典例 Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他都对结果很满意。拓展 be pleased/content with 对感到满意/满足satisfaction n满

22、意 to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是运用 完成句子I _ ( 对不满意) the present situation._ (令我们满意的是), he won the race.7would rather do sth.宁愿做某事典例 She would rather go by car. 她宁愿坐汽车去。拓展 would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事would ratherthat-clause 宁愿(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词多用 did/had don

23、e)运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空We would rather you _ (stay) with us tonight.I would rather _ (go) there alone.He would rather _ (play) basketball than _(listen) to music.I would rather you _ (attend) the meeting yesterday.He said he would rather _ (not do) it right now.8. therefore adv. “因此，所以”，副词，常和and搭配连接句子。正式用

24、语，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精密的推论中，特用以表示严密的推理。典例I was ill, and therefore I couldnt come.我当时病了，因此没能来9. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.u 装备；设备典例 A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。重点用法equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sth.on.在上装备某物 to be specially equipped 装备独特to be well equipped 装备精良eq

25、uip sb.for.使某人具有 练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). The soldiers were well _ _ (装备好了) weapons. 2). We must equip young teachers _ _ _ (对付) difficult children. 3). This library is equipped _ (介词) atomic research.4). Our classroom _ _ _ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.10. confuse 动词, 表示“把(某人)弄糊涂; 使迷惑”。 confusion n.

26、 混乱; 慌乱; 混淆典例 He was confused by a strange idea. 他被奇怪的念头弄糊涂了。拓展 be/ get confused with 对感到困惑 confuse with 混淆confusing和confused辨析: 这两个词都是由confuse转化而来的形容词。confusing意思是“莫名其妙的; 难以理解的强调事物本身所具有的性质; confused意思是“糊涂的; 迷乱的”, 强调人对某事物的感受。运用 完成句子 The police _(对感到困惑) the case after they heard what he said.11. regr

27、et 动词, 意为“为感到遗憾; 后悔; 惋惜”。典例 I didnt regret the choice I had made. 我做了这个选择并不后悔。 【拓展】1) regret还可用作名词, 意为“遗憾; 后悔”。 I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我对这样浪费光阴深感懊悔。 2) regret to do sth 表示“遗憾地要”，后面的动词常是say, tell, speak, inform等; regret doing sth 表示“后悔做过”; to ones regret 令人遗憾的是运用 I

28、_（遗憾地说）you are fired by the company.12. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发典例 You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。 练习 翻译填空。1). Slowly a thick layer of fat _ _ (越聚越多) on the pan s surface.2). Exercise will help _ _ (增强) the muscles. 3). They have finally _ _ (建立) a big company.Keys: 1). build

29、s up 2). build up 3). built up 13. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往典例 This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。 短语归纳 lead短语：lead sb. to 把某人带到lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事练习 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。1). The events _ _ the start of the First World Wa

30、r.2).What led him _ (kill) his wife? 3). He had led everyone _ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.4). Our research led us _ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.5). Too much work and too little rest often _ _ illness.6). He will lead the party of scientists _ (do) the resear

31、ch. 7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ _ success.8). The drivers carelessness _ _ the serious traffic accident.14. keep.free from/of = protect sb./sth. from. 使免受(影响/伤害 典例 We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。 练习 根据句子意思填空。1). We ve managed to _ the garden _ _weeds this

32、 year.2). Relaxation exercises can _ your body _ _ tension.重点句子1Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。解析 “what is called super hybrid rice”是 what 引导的宾语从句，作 grows 的宾语，what 在从句中作主语。引导词 what 在此句 中 相 当 于 “the n. that” 结 构 。 本 句 可 改 为 “Dr Yuan Longping grows the

33、rice that is called super hybrid rice.”。运用 完成句子 At last, they reached _(被称为美洲大陆的新地方)At last, they reached _ the New America.He graduated from _(一所所谓的重点高中) He graduated from _ a key one.2、what was called a key high school= the high school that was called2. This special strain of rice makes it possibl

34、e to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。解释 本句包含“make it宾语补足语动词不定式”结构，it 作形式宾语，动词不定式才是真正的宾语，有时真正的宾语还可以是从句。可用于此结构的常见动词还有：consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。The

35、bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.运用 完成句子We should _ (使保护环境成为我们的职责) the environment.We _ ( 认为精通英语极其重要) English.3Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.出生于 1930 年，袁博士 1953 年毕业于西南农业大学。解释 本句中，“born in 1930”为过去分词短语作状语，表示时间，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑

36、上的被动关系。过去分词短语作状语还可以表示原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等。运用 用所给单词的适当形式填空_ (equip) with electronic dictionaries, the students find learning English is much easier and more convenient._ (ask) what had happened, he lowered his head._ (grow) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast._ (left) at home, Jean didn't feel afr

37、aid at all.动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语一、动名词的形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、v-ing作主语的用法动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：1. v-ing直接置于句首主语的位置上。作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。例如 Doing sports does good to us. Swimming is my favorite sport.2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作表语的名词或短语有：useful, useless, no

38、 use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。例如 It is no use waiting for him any longer.It is a waste of time arguing about it.3. “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法”，=“It is impossible to do ”。例如 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。There was no tell

39、ing when this might happen again.三、v-ing作宾语的用法1. 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，常见的此类动词有: admit, escape, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, risk, miss, delay(延误), practise, suggest等。 常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:避免错过少延期（avoid, miss, postpone）建议完成多练习（advice, finish, practise）喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy, imagine, cant help）承认否认与嫉妒（admit, deny, envy）逃避冒险莫原谅（escape, risk, excuse）例如：He suggested going there by bus.2. 有些短语如cant stand, give up, put off, keep on, set about, succeed in, insist on, feel like, be/get used