英语简单句的五种基本句型

1、 表示句子说的是表示句子说的是“什么人什么人” 或或 “什么事什么事”。通常由名词、代词、主语从句或通常由名词、代词、主语从句或doing短语等充当。短语等充当。例如：例如： 1. My teacher hates telling lies. （指老师这个（指老师这个人）人） 2. Great changes have taken place in China in the past thirty years.所发生的事情所发生的事情 变化）变化） 说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么” “是什么是什么” 或或 “怎么样怎么样”。 通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。通常由动词或动词短语

2、结合时态、语态、语气等充当。 要弄清两个概念：要弄清两个概念： 及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词；及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词； 不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。例如：例如： 1. Children like playing games. 2. They were talking about a new film.常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常由名词、代词、动词不定式或常由名词、代词、动词不定式或doing短语等充当。短语等充当。例如：例如：1. She has finished doi

3、ng the experiment.2. We like English and are good at it.与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。英语中常见的连系动词有英语中常见的连系动词有: look; sound; feel; seem等。等。例如：例如：1. Her grandfather is an engineer.2. The two countries were at war then.3. The fact seems

4、 that he didnt notice the car.常指修饰名词的词或短语。常指修饰名词的词或短语。常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1. The black sweater is mine.2. We have eight classes every day.3. The coffee cup on the table is mine.常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时表示动作发生的

5、时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1. The miners work very hard.2. She often helps Mike at school.3. Hearing the news, he couldnt help jumping.常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓主谓”关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定

6、式关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1. She keeps the house clean every day.2. Nobody calls me a liar.3. We last saw him playing on the playground.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 Everybody smiled.2. 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语He knows everything.3. 主语主语+双宾动词双宾动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语I showed him my passport.4. 主语主语+系动

7、词系动词+表语表语The boy looks healthy.5. 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补语宾语补语What made you angry?祈使句的主语一般都省略掉祈使句的主语一般都省略掉1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词The sun is rising.It will snow.Can you fly?2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+状语状语Did you sleep well?She often dreams.You go first and I will follow behind.3. 主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+副词副词(构成成语动词构成成语动词)Th

8、e engine broke down.How did the accident come about?The bomb blew up.4.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(有被动意思有被动意思)Is the book selling well?Does this cloth wash well?1.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+名词名词(代词代词)Do you know them?He loved ice-cream.2. 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+反身代词反身代词Now I will introduce myself.They blamed themselves for the accid

9、ent.3. 主语主语+及物动词及物动词+不定式不定式(做宾语做宾语)We cant afford to pay such a price.You must try to improve.He forgot which way to go.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+doing(做宾语做宾语)Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?I prefer standing.I propose resting for half an hour.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+从句从句 (做宾语做宾语)He claimed that he saw the a

10、ccident.I suggested (that) we (should) leave early.Do you see why I did it?She asked if she might call and see me.Ill do what I can.I dont remember when that happened.1.主语主语+双宾动词双宾动词+人人+物物She gave me her telephone number. (to)Ill make you some fresh tea. (for)They bought him a new bike.2.主语主语+双宾动词双宾

11、动词+人人+从句从句I have warned him that it is not allowed.She showed me where her leg hurt.Tell me whatever you know about it.间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, sell, send, show, teach, tell ,wish, read, write等。 间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：的常用动词有： buy, make, order,

12、paint, play(演奏)， choose, sing,等。 1.感官类：feel ,look, sound, taste, smell. 2.变化类：grow, become, turn, get, go3.其他类：come true, fall ill , stay calm, keep fit, remain seated, stand still seem sad, appear rich, prove useful1.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词How are you? Im fine.He has fallen ill.They kept silent.2.主语主语+系

13、动词系动词+名词名词His dream has at last become a reality.He appeared a fool.It sounds a good idea.3.主语主语+系动词系动词+副词副词Is Helen in?Summer is over.The light is on.4.主语主语+系动词系动词+介词短语介词短语You know what you are after.Keep off the grass.The students are in favour of reform.5.主语主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式His plan is to keep it

14、secret.The only thing now is to take a taxi.6.主语主语+系动词系动词+doingMy job is repairing cars.Talking to him is talking to a wall.His hobby is playing chess.7.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语从句从句My opinion is that the plan wont work.The question is what you want to do.Thats where we differ.Thats how I look at it.The prob

15、lem is who can be put in charge.8.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+介词短语介词短语She is fond of this country.I was sick of lying in bed.They seem delighted with the result.9.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式不定式（原因状语）（原因状语）Im happy to meet you.She was eager to see her people.10.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+宾语宾语从句从句Im glad you have come.Were

16、 not clear what theyre up to.I am not certain who he is.Hes doubtful whether he can afford it.1.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+形容词形容词I thought her so nice and sincere.They didnt believe such a thing possible.You must make the classroom clean.2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+名词名词They called their daughter Mary.We elected Sm

17、ith our chairman.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语He put his books in order.This placed her in a very difficult position.She was placed in a very difficult position.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+副词副词She wished herself home.Dont leave me behind.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式What do you advise me to do?I wish you to

18、be happy.The teachers encourage us to keep trying.6.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+不带不带to的不定式的不定式We cant let this go on.Did you notice him come in?7.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+doingI saw her chatting with Nancy.I found a boy sleeping in class .You mustnt leave the lights burning.8.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词He had his

19、hair cut yesterday.You must make yourself respected.You have to get the computer repaired.练习练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型判断下面的句子是哪种句型 Your sister dances beautifully. They proved that the earth was round. This food looks inviting. Doing that would be playing with fire.主谓主谓主谓宾主谓宾主系表主系表主谓宾主谓宾5.They kept their room tidy and clean.6.He played happily.7.I advise waiting till tomorrow morning8.Show me what you bought.9.She never doubted that she was right.10.Good food keeps you healthy.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补主谓主谓主谓宾