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1、 高考语法:定语从句(2)定语从句大全(2)(一)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的. (2) Yesterday I helped&
2、#160;an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(注:who和whom已无太大区别,可以通用。) (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交
3、车上和你聊天的那个人. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩. (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my f
4、riend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如:
5、 He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.
6、; (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come
7、160;to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1)
8、He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) The c
9、lassroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5)
10、60;Do you like the book whose color is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注意:介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
11、; 从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very f
12、amous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which
13、 you asked. (5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) Well go to hear the famou
14、s singer about whom we have often talked. 注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking
15、for. (T正确) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F错误)2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom
16、you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada
17、60;is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,&
18、#160;few等代词或者数词 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many
19、apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.关系代词
20、 关系代词(一般情况下)that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语 which指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语; who在从句中作主语; whom在从句中宾语; where在从句
21、中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语; when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语; why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是"reason" 有时why也可用for+which代替。 例:A doctor is a person
22、160;who looks after people's health. 主语 谓语 先行词 从句 定语从句修饰先行词(二)关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 (1) I still remember the day when I first came
23、to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
24、; (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you miss
25、ed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason w
26、hy/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he
27、wantedwhen he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.(三)判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,
28、则要求用关系代词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with
29、160;you. 判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never for
30、get the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I'll never
31、160;forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
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