2020高考复习：第5讲情态动词和虚拟语气

1、第5讲情态动词和虚拟语气析考点规律探密真题体验透视命题规律授课提示：对应学生用书第 20页情态动词和虚拟语气在语法填空和短文改错中少有考查，但在学生写作中经常用到，对于有些学生来 说情态动词和虚拟语气是掌握的难点，在写作中经常犯低级错误而造成不应有的失分，因此在二轮备考中 应加强对这一部分的学习。【考点练悟】（单句语法填空）1. （2016 北京卷改编）Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyouhad told（tell） me,Icouldhavehelped.2. （2015 安徽卷改编）Itisluckywebookedaro

2、om, orwewould have （have） nowheretostaynow.3. .（2015 天津卷改编）IwishIhad_been （be） atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.4. （2014 陕西卷改编 ）Wewouldratherourdaughterstayed （stay） athomewithus, butitisherchoice, andsheisnotachildanylonger.5. . （2018 陕西二检）Ineededtogetaweek'

3、;sfoodformyfamily.Iparkedmycar, lookeddownatmylist, andhopedIcouldpayforitall.规律总结一、情态动词的基本用法（一）can/could的用法：1 .表示能力，意为“能，会”。2 .表示客观或理论上的可能性。3 .表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。 can比could语气强。（二）may/might 的用法：1 .表示请求和许可。在疑问句中 might可以代替may,语气更加委婉。2 .表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。（三）must的用法：1 .表示“必须”，语气

4、强烈。2 .表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。3 .意为“偏要，非要不可”。（四）shall的用法：1 .用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。2 .用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规 定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。（五）should/oughtto的用法：1. should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该” 。2. should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然” 。3. should和oughtto表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”二、"情态动词+ havedone”的用法情态动词+ have

5、done用法musthavedone一定做过某事，其否定形式为can't/couldn'thavedonecan/couldhavedone1 .本来能够做某事但却未做2 .可能做过某事can't/couldn'thavedone不PJ能做过某事may/mighthavedone或许/可能做过某事should/oughttohavedone本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn'thavedone做了本没有必要做的事情三、if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在的情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)sho

6、uld/would/could/might+ 动词原形表示过去的情况had +过去分词should/would/could/might+ have +过去分词表示将来的情况should +动词原形should/would/could/might+ 动词原形动词过去式wereto +动词原形四、虚拟语气在从句中的用法1. wish后面的宾语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句用 would/could +动词原形。2. wouldrather后面的宾语从句：表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事 实相反时，从句用过

7、去完成时。3. 表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用“ should +动词原形”结构， should可省略。4. 定语从句：It's (high/about) time (that).句型中，从句的谓语动，用一般过去时或should+动词原形(其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到的时候了” 。表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。5. asif引导的状语从句中：表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时;【考点练悟】（单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改）(2018 全 国 卷 n )AsakidIlovedtowatchcartoonsbutnomatterhowmany

8、timesIaskedtowatchthem , myparentswouldnottoletme.答案：Asakid, Ilovedtowatchcartoons , butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem ,myparentswouldnot“letme.2. (2016 全国卷 n )Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.答案：Someclassmatessuggestwerm 或 shouldgotoplacesofinterestnearby.3. (2015 全国卷 I )

9、Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.答案： Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment. find4. (2015 四四川卷)Ifyouareme, wouldyoutalktothem?答案：Ifyou are me, wouldyoutalktothem? were(2018 -模 )Dearfellowstudents,it'shightimethatwepayattentiontothisphenomenon.答案：Dearfellowstudents, it'shightimethatweA

10、pay 或 pay attentiontothisphenomenon. should paid规律总结1. .情态动词基本用法的错用;2. 虚拟语气的错用。注意以下几点:条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。应注意表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反时从句谓语动词的形式;宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“（should十 ）动词原形”，被动式则为“（should） be +过去分词”； It's (high/about) time (that)后的从句谓语动词用一般过去时或“should +动词原形”，此时should不可省略。刷题组题型突破即时演练巩

11、固复习成果授课提示：对应学生用书第 21页I .单句语法填空Myhusbandisalwaystalkingabouttheeconomyandstocks,butI'dratherhefocused(focus)moreonourchildren'seducation.3. Ifyouhad_followed (follow) mysuggestions, youwouldn'tbecryingoveryourfailurenow.4. Jack, look ! Everybodyisdoinghomeworkquietly.Mustyoumakeanoiseincl

12、ass?5. Sometimessmilesaroundtheworldcanbefalse, hidingotherfeelingslikeanger, fearorworry.6. .(2018 济 南 模 拟)It'shightimethatwedevoted/should devote (devote)ourselvestoworkinghard.7. (2018 大庆一检 )Afterthat, themanagerdemandedthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbexamined (examine).8. Butforthehelpfromthe

13、doctor, thelittleboywouldhave_lost (lose) hislife.9. Theordercamethatthemedicalsuppliesbe_sent (send) totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.n.单句改错(请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1. Iflamyou, Iwouldtakeanumbrella.答案：IfI am you, Iwouldtakeanumbrella. were2. Mybossinsistedthatallthepaperswouldbehandedinontime.Otherwise, I

14、wouldbefired.答 案： Mybossinsistedthatallthepapers would 或 wouldbehandedinontime.Otherwise, shouldIwouldbefired.3. (2018 湖北八校一次联考)Mr.Litoldmewithasmile, "You must put it somewhere else.I amsure it will turn up soon. ”答案： Mr.Litoldmewithasmile, “Youmust A putitsomewhereelse.Iamsureitwillturnupsoon

15、.”have4. (2018 南宁二狈U )Whenwaitingtobeserved, it'simportantthatyouwouldwaityourturn.答案： Whenwaitingtobeserved, it'simportantthatyouwould 或 wouldwaityourturn.should5. HadAndykeptwritingatage40, probablyhecanbecomeawell-knownpoetnow.答案：HadAndykeptwritingatage40, probablyhe can becomeawell-known

16、poetnow. would6. Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself, “If only I know what's going on in my little boy's head right now.”答 案 ：Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself,“ IfonlyIknowknewwhat'sgoingoninmylittleboy'sheadrightnow.”m.语法填空Arecentstudyshowsthatmostadultsdidhouseholdchores1.(active)whenthey

17、wereyoung.Mostkidstodaydonotdoasmanyhouseholdchoresasbefore, 2.samestudyshows.Anexpertsaid, aParents today want their kids to spend more time 3. things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped 4. (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.Anoth

18、erstudyfindsthatcomparedwiththekids5.didn'tdohouseholdchores, youngadultsbeginningchoresatages3and4weremorelikely6.(succeed).Theyhadbetterfamilyrelationships,didbetterinschool,performedbetteratworkandweremoreindependent. Personalhappiness7.(say)tocomefromstrongrelationships.Itbeginsbylearningtob

19、ekindand8.(help)totheirparentsathome. Ifyourkidssaytheyhavetoskipchoresbecauseit'stimethey9.(deal)withtheirhomework,you'dbetternotletthemoffthehook.Ifyoudo,yourchildmaythinkgradesaremoreimportantthancaringaboutothers. “Whatmayseemlikesmall10. (message) atthemomentadduptobigonesovertime ,” sa

20、ysanexpert. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子却不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。 1.解析：分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively 。答案：actively 2.解析：此处的“ study”就是上文提到的那个“ study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。答案：the 3.解析：根据固定搭配 spendsth.onsth. 可知，此处填介词on。答案：on 4 .解析：根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事"，故用stopdoingsth.， 答案：doing 5.

21、解析：分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids ,关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who或that 。 答案：who/that 6.解析：此处是 belikelytodosth. 句型，故填不定式。 答案：tosucceed 7.解析：本句含有“besaid +动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为" Personal happiness”,因止匕填 issaid 。答案：issaid8 .解析：本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。答案：helpful9 .解析：It'stime (that) 一.句型中，that从句要用虚拟语

22、气，即从句谓语用一般过去时或"should+ do”,其中should不可以省略。解析：dealt/shoulddeal10 .解析：message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。答案：messagesW.短文改错SmoghascoveredlargeareasofBeijingrecently,whichhashadmuchinfluencetoourlife.It'snotconvenienceforustogooutduetotheheavysmog.Inordertotakeinlessthanpoisonousair,whicheverwegooutside,wehavetowearmasks.Facingsuchaseriouslyproblem, weshouldtakesomeimmediatemeasuretosolveit.Asforourgovernment, somelawsshouldbepassedtobanfactoriesfromgivingoffpoisonouswaste.Atsametime, wearesupposednottodrivetow