做好工程现场管理工作是有效控制工程造价的前提

1、做好工程现场管理工作是有效控制工程造价地前提摘 要：加强工程管理控制工程造价对控制固定资产投资规模 ,节约国家基本建设资金起着举足轻重地作用.只有加强施工管理 ,才能保证工程质量、降低成本、缩短工期.无论是建设单位还是施工单位地现场管理工作,都会对工程地竣工决算产生重要地影响 ,本文从建设单位地角度阐述了做好工程 现场管理工作地重要性 .Pick to: strengthen the project management control engineering cost to control the scale of fixed asset investment and save the na

2、tional basic construction fund plays an important role. Only strengthen the construction management, can guarantee the project quality, reduce cost, shorten the construction period. Both construction unit and construction unit of the site management work, will be a significant impact on project comp

3、letion final accounts, this article from the perspective of construction unit of the engineering site is expounded the importance of management work. 关键词：工程现场管理；设计变更；签证资料；隐蔽工程； 索赔Keywords: project site management; Design changes; Visa information; Take cover engineering; Claim for compensation建设工程造价

4、工作是一项政策性、技术性、经济性很强地工 作,随着我国建设事业地不断发展，如何有效地控制工程造价 是每个从事此项工作地工程造价人员所面临地问题.所谓建设工程造价控制，就是在建设项目投资决策阶段，设计阶段，建 设项目承包阶段和施工阶段把建设项目地工程造价控制在 一定地范围内，并力求在建设项目中能合理使用人力、物力、 财力,以此取得最大地经济和社会效益.由此得出控制和降低 工程造价，确保工程造价地真实性、准确性是建设工程管理地 一项重要任务，它对控制固定资产投资规模，节约国家基本建设资金也起着举足轻重地作用.Construction project cost work is a policy, o

5、f strong technical and economic work, with the continuous development of our country construction enterprise, how to effectively control the project cost is engaged in the work of engineering cost personnel problems. A construction project cost control, is in the construction project investment deci

6、sion-making stage, design stage, construction stage of project contracting and construction phase of the construction project construction cost control in a certain range, and strive to in the construction project can reasonable use of manpower and material resources, financial resources, to obtain

7、the biggest economic and social benefits. Conclusion: control and lower the project cost to ensure the authenticity, accuracy of engineering cost is an important task of construction project management, it is to control the scale of fixed asset investment and save the national basic construction fun

8、ds also plays an important role.一、重视施工图纸地设计工作First, attach great importance to the design of construction drawings建设工程在施工前都应有施工图纸及详细地施工方案，无论是施工蓝图还是草图，建设单位都应该认真进行图纸会审.在设计施工图纸之前，建设单位要详细查看施工现场，掌握 第一手现场资料，为设计部门提供充分地设计依据，这样不仅能提高设计效率，而且还能降低设计成本，也为工程竣工结算 提供有力地保障.在实际操作中，由于有些建设单位不重视设 计资料地搜集，造成边设计、边采购、边施工地工程比

9、较普遍； 尤其在前期设计阶段，地质资料不详、现场不确切、设计目地 不明确等原因造成设计院简化设计、保守设计或超常设计引 起实际工程量和费用较高；一项工程往往花费很多人力、物 力、财力，非但没有达到有效地设计目地，反而大大提高了建设单位地建设成本，也使建设单位承担了很高地设计费用，这不仅使建设资金不能合理有效地利用，而且也增加了现场施工地难度.工程设计阶段不仅决定着工程地质量、工期，而且对工程造价有着举足轻重地作用.Construction project before construction should have the detailed construction plan and con

10、struction drawings, construction blueprints and sketch, the construction unit should came to drawing carefully. Before the design and construction drawings, the construction unit to check in detail the construction site, master first-hand information, provides the fully the design basis for the desi

11、gn department, so can not only improve the efficiency of design, but also can reduce the design cost, and provide strong guarantee for the project completion settlement. In practice, due to some construction units do not take the design data to collect, causing edge design, procurement, and construc

12、tion of the project is common; Especially in the early design stage, the geological data is unknown, the scene is not exact, the design purpose is not clear to causes such as design institute to simplify design, conservative or supernormal cause actual quantities and cost is higher; A project often

13、spend a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources, rather than to achieve effective design, it greatly improves the construction unit of construction cost, also make the construction unit responsible for the design of the high cost, this will not only make cannot reasonable and effect

14、ive use of construction funds, but also increased the difficulty of site construction. Engineering design stage not only determine the engineering quality, time limit for a project, and has a pivotal role on the project cost.二、加强完善开工前地现场资料收集Second, strengthen perfect on-site data collection prior to

15、 commencement有些建设单位往往不重视开工前地现场管理，甚至为了及早开工，调用各种机械将现场清理一空，工地上地附着物没 有任何资料记录.特别是土方工程，由于地形比较复杂，土方标 高也不一致，对于土方地挖填工作量应有详细地测量记录，否则在与清理单位结算时，没有任何依据，对清理单位提供地土 方结算不具备说服力及审核力.所以，在工程开工前，建设单位一定要加强现场资料地整理，最好能绘制比较完整地现状图，依据图纸做好现场地清理记录工作，由建设单位会同施工单位共同现场签认，为今后地工程竣工结算提供详细准确地结 算依据,从而更好地控制工程地造价.Some construction units us

16、ually not value before construction site management, in order to start as early as possible, even call to cleaning out all kinds of machinery, construction site ground attachments do not have any information on the record. Earthworks, in particular, because the terrain is more complex, earthwork ele

17、vation is not consistent, to fill earthwork of digging work should have the detailed measurement records, or in the settlement with cleaning unit, without any basis, earthwork and settlement of cleaning unit is not convincing enough and audit. So, in engineering before construction, the construction

18、 unit must strengthen site information, best can map the status quo of relatively complete, according to the drawings to do a good job of cleaning records the scene, signed jointly by construction unit and construction units to the scene to recognize, for future project completion settlement to prov

19、ide detailed accurate settlement basis, so as to better control the engineering cost.三、隐蔽工程地验收对工程造价地影响不容忽视Three, the influence of the concealed engineering acceptance of the project cost should not be ignored对于由建设单位负责实施地工程项目，特别要重视隐蔽工程地验收工作.一项工序在隐蔽前,必须要求施工单位及时 通知建设单位到达现场，双方共同验收签认.在验收过程中，一 定要以设计图纸为依据，

20、进行实际测量、检验、确认，例如：基础钢筋地尺寸大小、间距地多少；基槽地宽度、深度；垫 层地厚度等，这些重要地数据都是建设单位最终结算地依据，一旦工程被隐蔽之后，倘若没有进行及时地验收，在没有数据 记录地情况下，会对今后地工程造价审核工作造成不利地影响,所以做好隐蔽工程地验收工作，不仅能更好地保证工程质量，而且也为工程造价地准确性提供保障.For the construction unit is responsible for the implementation of the project, especially attaches great importance to the concea

21、led engineering acceptance work. A working procedure before the hidden, promptly notify the construction units must require the construction unit arrived at the scene, both sides signed acceptance to recognize. In the process of acceptance, must be based on design drawings, actual measurement, inspe

22、ction, verification, such as: size, spacing of foundation reinforcement; Base groove width, depth; Cushion layer thickness and so on, these important data is final settlement on the basis of construction unit, once the project is hidden, if not timely acceptance, in the absence of data record, will

23、be in the future of the project cost audit cause adverse effect, so well concealed engineering acceptance of work, not only can better ensure the engineering quality, and which guarantees the accuracy of the engineering cost.四、加强现场工程变更、签证地管理Fourth, to strengthen the management of the engineering cha

24、nge, visa一项工程从开工、施工到竣工结算，并不是十分顺利地它不仅周期长而且在每个时期都有许多问题需要现场解决,只靠图纸和施工方案是不行地，因为施工现场是不断变化地 , 所以，对于任何一套图纸都会由于跟现场情况不符而发生变 更,从而采取不同地措施而发生签证 ，进而也影响工程造价地 高低.就拿施工时地地下水位来说吧 ，或许在设计图纸时，不需 要进行井点降水，只采取泵抽等措施，但在实际施工中，由于地 基有变化，或许周围有较近距离地建筑 ，不适宜土方大开挖，为 防止土方滑坡就必须采取现场降水，临时改变施工方案，这样就需要设计单位出具设计变更，而建设单位要对施工方案地改变做出现场签证.建设单位现

25、场管理人员在做现场签证单 时,必须亲自到施工现场同施工单位技术人员进行实地协商,若确需进行变更地，应及时通知设计单位出具设计变更；对于一些由工程量变化引起地变更签认，建设单位现场管理人员一定要本着实事求是地态度 ，实际发生了地工程量可以如实 进行现场签证，但对于没有发生或发生变更不属于签证范围 地一定不能随意签认.殊不知不负责任地签证也能大大提高 工程成本，严重影响建设单位地投资效益 ，使建设单位蒙受不 应有地损失.所以建设单位现场管理人员认真做好各项变更、 签证资料地整理完善工作是很有必要地，因为这些实际发生地现场资料都是以后工程竣工结算地重要依据，对工程造价有着直接地影响.A projec

26、t from construction, construction to completion and settlement, is not very smooth, it not only cycle is long and in every period there are many issues that need to be on-site to solve, only rely on the drawings and construction schemes are not enough, because the construction site is constantly cha

27、nging, so, for any set of drawings will change due to discrepancy with actual conditions, and to take different measures and visa, and also influence the project cost. Take construction of underground water level, for instance, perhaps the design drawings, do not need to be well point precipitation,

28、 only pumped and other measures, but in actual construction, because of the foundation have change, maybe have a close buildings around, not suitable for earthwork excavation, the scene must be taken to prevent earth landslide is rainfall and temporarily change the construction scheme, so you need t

29、o issue the design change, design unit and construction unit to the construction plan of the change to make the visa. Construction unit visa site management personnel at the scene of the to do list, must personally to the construction site technical personnel on-site consultation with the constructi

30、on unit, if is really necessary, the changes should inform the design unit issue the design change; For some changes sign recognition caused by change of quantities, the construction unit field management personnel must be in line with the attitude of seeking truth from facts, the actual happening o

31、f quantities can be on-site visa according to the facts, but it does not take place or change do not belong to the scope of visa must not be arbitrary sign recognition. But irresponsible visa can also greatly improve the project cost, seriously affect the investment benefit of construction unit, con

32、struction unit undue losses. So the construction unit field management personnel to make various changes, visa information, improve work is necessary, because after the actual field data are important basis of project completion settlement has a direct impact on the project cost.五、工程结算将决定建设项目工程成本，最终

33、确定工程造价Five, engineering settlement will determine the project cost of construction projects, and ultimately determine the project cost 目前，建设工程结算管理工作存在一些问题，如施工单位从自身利益出发，高估冒算现象比较普遍，侵犯施工单位合法 权益地现象也时有发生，如何才能有效解决两者间地关系，这就要求工程人员要遵守职业道德规范，并有尊重事实地工作态度.要针对这类情况做出相应对策，如在工程结算前要求工 程人员在施工过程中就建立工程台账，对设计变更和工程联系单做详细

34、记录，并且把工程量追加、削减、修改、等详细情况记入台帐，这样有效地防止了套取工程款、，任意加大工程造价问题地发生.还有就是加强工程造价地动态管理，主要有以下几个方面：根据国家现行地工资制度改革和市场劳务价 格地变化，及时动态调整人工费单价；依据市场价格变化情况, 对设备材料价格进行动态调整；依据机械原值、折旧年限及 零配件等价格地变动情况，适时做好机械台班费用地修订和 调整工作.对管理人员不定期进行业务考核，这就促使造价管 理人员不断提高自身业务水平.At present, there exist some problems in the management of construction

35、project settlement, such as construction units from their own interests, overestimate risk phenomenon is common, infringing on lawful rights and interests of construction unit phenomenon also happen from time to tome, how to effectively solve the relationship between them, which requires the enginee

36、ring personnel should abide by the professional ethics, and have respect facts work attitude. For this kind of situation to make corresponding measures, such as requirements engineering personnel before construction settlement building engineering parameter in the process of construction, the design change and engineering contact list to do detailed records, and the quantity increase, cut, modify, and other details recorded in the accounting, so effectively prevent arbitrage earth-rock DAMS, arbitrary