虚拟语气课件(经典)

1、SubjunctiveSubjunctiveMoodMoodWe met in this room . Do come to the meeting next Friday .If I were you , I would study hard . 陈述语气陈述语气祈使语气祈使语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等是一种假设、猜测、愿望等( (在在条件条件从句中从句中或或让步让步状语从句中状语从句中) )；一是表示说话人的愿；一

2、是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等望、要求、命令、建议等 ( (在宾语从句、在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) )。虚拟语气的概念 一、非真实条件句（一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气等）中的虚拟语气1.时态一致时态一致 2. 错综时间的虚拟句错综时间的虚拟句 3. if省略用省略用倒倒装句装句4.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 5. If only 感叹感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、as

3、if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从从句句 1)If I 1)If I werewere a bird, I a bird, I would flywould fly in the sky. in the sky. 2)If I 2)If I had takenhad taken your advice ,I your advice ,I wouldnt wouldnt havehave made the mistake. made the mistake. 3)If I 3)

4、If I had beenhad been there, it there, it wouldnt havewouldnt have happened.happened. 4)If it 4)If it rainedrained tomorrow, we tomorrow, we would not would not gogo shopping. shopping. l1. If I had 5000yuan, I would buy a computer. （与现在事实相反）（与现在事实相反）l2. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.l3.

5、If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.l4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.（与现在事实相反与现在事实相反）（与过去事实相反与过去事实相反） 一、一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（动词（动词be用用were)主语主语+should,would,might,could动词动词原形

6、原形If+主语主语+had +过去分词过去分词主语主语should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形主语主语should, would might, could动词动词原形原形小小顺口溜小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难虚拟语气并不难, , 从句时态都提前从句时态都提前, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意动词要还原。加在前，注意动词要还原。（省略（省略if if要倒装）要倒装）e.g. e.g. 1 1）If I If I

7、werewere in your shoes, I in your shoes, I wouldwould accept the terms.accept the terms.2 2） If we If we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldnt have wouldnt have missedmissed the train. the train.3 3） I wish I I wish I werewere as clever as you as clever as you 1)If I were a bird, I would

8、fly in the sky. 1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. 2)If I had taken your advice ,I wouldnt 2)If I had taken your advice ,I wouldnt have made the mistake.have made the mistake. 3)If I had been there, it wouldnt have 3)If I had been there, it wouldnt have happened.happened. 4)If it rained tom

9、orrow, we would not 4)If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping. go shopping. 5)He was shaking with frightas ifhe 5)He was shaking with frightas ifhe had seen a ghost.had seen a ghost.a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to

10、our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.If he _ （drive）more carefully, he _(not have) the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 2、错综时间的虚拟句、错综时间的虚拟句 通常情况下通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指但有时也可能指不同的时间不同的时间,这时要根据

11、上下文的意思采用不这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式同的谓语动词形式.1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在从句指现在, 主句指过去主句指过去)。2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去从句指过去,主句指现在主句指现在)。虚拟语气虚拟语气3、省略、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有 were, had 或或 should 时，时，可省略可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。而把它

12、们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中Had you come a few.4

13、. without, but for，or和和otherwise 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。 but for要不是，要不是，or否则（含蓄条件句）否则（含蓄条件句） 1.）Without sunlight, there would be no life on our planet. 2.）But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. 3.）I was ill that day .otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词副词) 4.）He telephoned to

14、inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(连词连词)2. 2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should)

15、 go with them.注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”坚持认为坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。之意时，应用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 在在suggestion / proposal /

16、order / plan / advice / idea / request 等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句）用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion t

17、hat the meeting (should) be put off.二二. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order, command 三个建议：三个建议：advise, suggest, propose五个要求：五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词用法。即从句中的动

18、词 使用使用should + should + 动词原动词原形，或者将形，或者将shouldshould省略。省略。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 注意注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气各有两意思，要用不同的语气 表表“坚决要求坚决要求”,虚拟虚拟, should + do; 表表“坚称坚称,坚持说坚持说”,陈述语气陈述语气,表事实。表事实。 表表“建议建议”，虚拟，虚拟, should + do; 表表“表明、暗示表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。，用陈述语气。1. The teacher suggested that we _ more afte

19、r class. （我们课后多练习）（我们课后多练习） 2. The look on her face suggested that she _happy3. He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）4. He insisted that he _ the wallet(没有没有偷钱包偷钱包).insistsuggest(should) practisewasshould bedidnt steal我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。

20、他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从

21、句中的动词形式一样。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, request, desiredesireIts suggested that the plan My demand is that she to see me once a week.We are for the advice that the factory closed down.be carried out.should comeshould

22、be、wish wish 后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓其谓语动词形式为：语动词形式为：表现在过去时表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表过去过去完成时表将来表将来would, might, could动词原形动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.三三. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在:

23、 过去时（过去时（were）过去过去: 过去完成时过去完成时未来未来: would/could/might +V. shouldI wish I as tall as you.wereI wish every day my birthday.wereI wish/wished I eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。hadntI wish it rain tomorrow.wouldHe looks as if he drunk.They talked as if they fr

24、iends for years. She loves the baby as if it her own son.I remembered the whole thing as if it yesterday.werehad happenedhad beenwere2,As if/though和和wish用法相同用法相同3. would rather (that)现在现在,将来将来：过去：过去：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时

25、过去时过去完成时过去完成时3.Its (about/high) time +(that)should +V.过去时过去时我们该去睡觉了。我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we .Its time that we to bed. (Should不可省略不可省略)went to bedshould go4. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I were to see him again!要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母和我们住

26、在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents lived with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!虚拟语气虚拟语气1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he

27、_ that drug.A.not take B. hadnt takenC. didnt take D. shouldnt have takenExercises虚拟语气虚拟语气3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to

28、 the university.A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone虚拟语气虚拟语气9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go11. 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had be