英文跨文化交际（课堂PPT）

1、2/27/20221Chapter 5Social Interaction2/27/20222nRole behavior expected of someone who holds a particular statusnRole set a number of roles attached to a single status2/27/20223By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:n1. have a better understanding of the conventions and expectations of dif

2、ferent cultures in areas such as:Forms of addressGreetings FarewellsComplimenting and respondingInviting Paying for a mealShowing hospitalityDisagreeing, etc. 2/27/20224 2/27/20225nA. The young lady Marilyn in America addresses her mother-in-law by her first name, Ellen. How do you account for this?

3、 Could the same thing happen in China? Why?nB. In China we address a stranger with an advanced age Grandpa or Grandma. Why do we do so since that stranger is not connected to us by blood? How does this sound to an English ear? nC. We Chinese routinely use many position-linked or occupation-linked ti

4、tles to address people, such as wang jinling (王经理王经理), ma juzhang (马局长马局长), zhang zhuren (张主张主任任), li yisheng (李医生李医生) , etc. Do Americans have similar customs? Activity 1 Forms of address 2/27/20226Case study A Situation: What to say E.G. A conversation between Susan and Mrs. Zhang, her mother-in-l

5、aw, at the airport when leaving China. The husband is interpreting for them.2/27/20227 Susan: Mrs. Zhang, come to New York if you want. Husbands translation: 妈妈，您妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看。可一定要来纽约看看。 Mother: 不去了不去了，给你们，给你们添麻烦添麻烦。 Husbands translation: Oh, it depends on the physical condition. Susan: Yes, oh than

6、ks for your delicious food, I like them very much. Husbands translation: 谢谢谢谢妈妈妈妈给我们做了那么多好给我们做了那么多好吃的。吃的。 Mother: 自家人自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再减肥了，谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再减肥了，身体健康才最重要哪！身体健康才最重要哪！ Husbands translation: Its my pleasure, Susan, I hope you become even more beautiful. Susan: Thank you! The same to you. Hus

7、bands translation: 谢谢谢谢妈妈妈妈，我祝，我祝您您身体健康。身体健康。 Mother: 谢谢，谢谢。谢谢，谢谢。2/27/20228nDoctor, Professor, Judge, Preseident, Senator, Governer, Mayor, Colonel, Captain, etc. Activity 1 Forms of address 2/27/20229 Work in pairs. List some common forms of greeting among the English-speaking people and Chinese p

8、eople. then try to spot some differences, if there are any. Chinese culture is relation-oriented. Maintaining or promoting relation calls for something interpersonal, so it is quite acceptable in China to greet each other by asking private questions, while English people have a very strong sense of

9、privacy.Activity 2 Greetings 2/27/202210 “Good-bye” or “Bye-Bye” is acceptable both in English and Chinese, and it is a very formal way. English people also say “See you”, “See you later”, “Good night”, and “Have a nice day”. Those expressions convey less personal concerns than Chinese routines such

10、 as “Walk slowly”, “Stay longer”. Activity 3 Farewells 2/27/202211 Compliments and praises are of great social functions. Concerning compliments and compliment responses, the pragmatic rules are various in different cultures. In American culture, the topic of compliments can be varied. Their respons

11、e to compliments is positive. Chinese people are shy to compliment others and also shy to accept compliments. Activity 4Compliments and responses2/27/202212nA. A Canadian woman acquaintance of a Chinese art teacher asked him to look over an article that she had written about Chinese painting. He agr

12、eed, but added something politely. What do you think he would like to add?nB. A famous Chinese actress married a German. One day when she was acting, her husband was there watching, saying again and again that she was the best actress. The actress colleagues present asked her afterwards to tell her

13、husband not to praise his own wife like that in public. On learning this, the German wondered what he did wrong.Activity 4Compliments and responses2/27/202213 Activity 5 InvitingnNow study the following statements and think how you would respond to each of them. Discuss in small groups. nLets get to

14、gether soon.nI haven t seen you for a long time. You must come round for dinner sometime.nIts good seeing you. Ill invite you to tea later.nIm going to give a party this weekend. Come if you like.nHow about joining us for dinner this Friday night? 2/27/202214 Activity 6 Footing the Bill Task 3 : Mea

15、ning from Context go Dutch pool ones money pick up the tab buy ones round 2/27/202215 Activity 7Showing Hospitality in Different WaysnTask 1: Too modest?-When “No” Does not Mean No. We Chinese usually say “no” when somebody offers something,because_. After we say “no” , we usually _, but that never

16、happens in a foreigners home. If the host just brings the food or drink and ignores our “no”, we will_.2/27/202216 Activity 7Showing Hospitality in Different WaysnTask 2: Sharing Knowledge:Yes and NoThe Japanese word “Hai”Different ways of saying “No” across culturesThe Japanese “No” 2/27/202217 Act

17、ivity 7Showing Hospitality in Different WaysnTask 2: Sharing Knowledge:Yes and NonWhat does it mean to intercultural communication?nIn English cultures, its easy to say “no” to something they do not want to do. But in many eastern cultures, its difficult to say “no”. To refuse an invitation or a req

18、uest with “no” or a similar phrase, is felt to be impolite. Its thought to be selfish and unfriendly.2/27/202218 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 1: Different Approaches to Refusing Requests Direct and Indirect Communication Style (Personal and Contextual Communication Style) (Instrumental and

19、Affective Communication Style)2/27/202219 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 1: Different Approaches to Refusing Requests 1. Direct communication style With direct communication style, speaker expresses his intention（need and desire）openly and directly. Direct styles are often used in low-context

20、, individualistic cultures. Verbal precision and self-expression are valued. 2. Indirect communication style In an indirect communication style, which is often seen in high-context and collectivistic cultures, speakers usually hide or hint their intentions during interaction. 2/27/202220Basic Theory

21、: Communicative Styles IndividualismnConsider individualnDistinguish forms of discourse lessnPay attention to context lessnExpress explicitly and directlynPeople infer lessCollectivismnConsider groupnDistinguish forms of discourse morenPay attention to context morenExpress inexplicitly and indirectl

22、ynPeople infer more (Fukushima 2000:134)2/27/202221 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 2: Face: Goffman Positive face is the desire of being seen as a good human being. Negative face is the desire to remain autonomous.2/27/202222Face: Brown and LevinsonnFace is the public self-image that every me

23、mber wants to claim for himself. It refers to that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. Face consists of two related aspects.Brown & Levinson 1987: 612/27/202223 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 2: Face “Face” is the negotiated public

24、image, mutually granted each other by participants in a communicative event.（贾玉新：面子是交际事件中的参与者所相互给予的、相互协同的公共意象。） 2/27/202224 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 2: Face（FTA）nMany acts threaten the positive or negative face (or both) of the speaker and/or hearer (by imposing on him or her); disagree

25、ments threaten the hearers positive face. 2/27/202225 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 2: FaceRefusalsClassification of Refusals (Beebe et al. 1990: 72-73)I. Direct“I refuse”“No”“I cant.” “I wont”. “I dont think so.”2/27/202226 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 2: FaceRefusalsClassification

26、 of Refusals II. IndirectA. Statement of regret (e.g., “Im sorry . . .”; “I feel terrible . . . ”)B. Wish (e.g., “I wish I could help you . . .”)C. Excuse, reason, explanation (e.g., “My children will be home that night.”; “I have a headache.”)D. Statement of alternative1. I can do X instead of Y (e

27、.g., “Id rather . . . ” “Id prefer ”)2. Why dont you do X instead of Y (e.g., “Why dont you ask someone else?”)2/27/202227Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 2: Face The Confucian legacy of consideration for others and concern for proper human relationships has led to the development of communicat

28、ion patterns that preserve one anothers face. Indirect communication helps to prevent the embarrassment of rejection by the other person or disagreement among partners, leaving the relationship and each others face intact.2/27/202228 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 3: Defending Face “Defending

29、 face” is one of the main factors influencing Japanese behavior. Concrete mechanisms (indirect forms of communication)for defending face-mediated communication(asking someone else to transmit the message);refracted communication(talking to a third person in the presence of the hearer);acting as a de

30、legate(conveying ones message as being from someone else).2/27/202229 Activity 8 Disagreeing AgreeablynTask 3: Defending Face A significant difference between North American and East Asian communication patterns. American “The door is open”. Japanese “Its somewhat cold today.”2/27/202230nTask 4 “Face ”in Chinese cultureThe conception of face in Chine