if条件句中的虚拟语气（二）（讲义）

1、.高中英语if条件句中的虚拟语气二1. 通过本课的学习，可以全面掌握if虚拟条件句的几种较复杂和特殊的情况。2. 通过本课的学习，可以准确运用错综时间虚拟条件句、虚拟倒装句和含蓄虚拟语气等。重点：掌握错综时间的虚拟语气以及虚拟倒装句的详细规那么。难点：可以在解题过程中纯熟识别和运用含蓄虚拟条件句。近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考察主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中屡次出现对虚拟语气的考察，考察难度不大。一、错综时间虚拟条件句：有些条件句中主句的谓语和从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。当虚拟条件状语从句与主句所虚拟的时间不一致如从句虚拟过去，

2、而主句虚拟如今或将来时，主句、从句中谓语动词的形式须根据各自所表示的时间，综合if虚拟条件句的三种根本类型进展调整。If youd listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now.假如你听了我的话，你如今就不会有这样的费事了。过去如今If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the movie last night.假如我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影。如今过去If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们早分开家的话，再

3、过半个小时就该到了。过去将来If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.假如莫尼卡今天到达的话，那她一定是在三天前就动身了。将来过去If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now.要是你去年努力学习的话，如今你就是个大学生了。If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.假如昨天下雨了的话，地面如今就应该是湿的。You would be much

4、 better now if you had taken my advice.假如你听从了我的建议的话，你如今早就好多了。It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall答案：D思路分析：考察错综时间虚拟条件句，主句部分虚拟如今，而根

5、据at the age of seven可知从句为对过去的虚拟，须用过去完成时。二、虚拟倒装句：条件从句中的谓语部分有were，should和had时，if有时可以省略，将were、had、should提到主语之前，构成虚拟倒装。If I were in your position, I would do it better.Were I in your position, I would do it better.假设我身处在你的位置，我会做得更好。If you had arrived earlier, you would have caught the train.Had you arri

6、ved earlier, you would have caught the train.要是你早些到的话，你就会赶上火车了。If I should meet her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.Should I meet her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.假如我明天能见到她的话，我会告诉她真相的。Should I have time，I would call on her.我要是有时间就去看她。_ fired, your health care and other benefits would no

7、t be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be答案：B思路分析：虚拟条件句中含有were或had，should时，if可以省略,将were, had, should提到主语前面，从句是与将来事实相反的假设，所以用should，实际上“you也不会被辞退。而主句说明的事实，所以用了would+动词原形。三、含蓄虚拟语气：有时虚拟条件状语从句可以用介词短语或连词来代替，常见的介词有with、without、but for，常见的连词有or、otherwise等。切记

8、，含蓄的虚拟语气只有主句。There wouldnt be such modern industry without electricity if there werent electricity. 倘假设没有电，就不会有现代工业。He is ill. Otherwise if he werent ill he could come.他病了，否那么他会来。With your help, I could have finished the work ahead of time.要是有了你的帮助，我就能提早完成那些工作了。Without air or water, there would be n

9、o living things on the earth.没有空气或者水，地球上就不会有生物了。But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.要是没有雨，我们的旅行会非常愉快的。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have attended the meeting.那天我生病了，否那么我就参加那个会议了。She telephoned to remind me of your birthday, or I would have forgotten it.她打 来提醒我你的生日，不然的话我就

10、忘记了。_ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for答案：B思路分析：考察含蓄虚拟语气，由句子的后半部分“I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.可知用了虚拟语气形式，所以前面用but for要不是引出相当于条件句的介词短语。In spite of 尽管；Because of 因为；As for 就而言。1. _more careful, his s

11、hip would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 2. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have atten

12、ded3. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 4. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, we _ there now. A. would be B. would have been C. have been D. will be5. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come答案：1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C思路分析：1. 考察if条件的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，条件句省略了if，把had提早。2. 从上下文可知，说话人没有参加讲座，省略了从句“if I hadnt been busy，主句与过去事实相反，因此选D。3