2017年天津商业大学考研试题语言学及翻译

1、天津商业大学2017年研究生入学考试试题专业：外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称：语言学及翻译(804)共6页第1页说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。Linguistics (100 points)I. Studying linguistics,we have come acrossa lot of technical terms, some of which are listed below. Please write out the most acceptabledefinitions for each of them. (10 %)a) linguistics; b) Ia

2、nguage; c) morphology: d) duality; e) cultural transmission:f) descriptive; g) syn tax; h) synony ms; i) sema ntics; j) applied lin guisticsII. Studying linguistics we have been acquainted with many linguists, five of whom are listed below. Write out a phrase that may best represent their contributi

3、ons to linguistics.( 10%)a) F. de Saussure; b) Noam Chomsky; c) M. A. K. Hallidayd) H. P. Grice; e) Leo nard BloomfieldIII. Linguistics as a specified discipline has its own technical ways of operation. Try to fill the blanks to demonstrate your technical sense of linguistics. (15%)1. Please give th

4、e corresponding sound segments according to the descriptions:voiceless bilabial stop: a); voiced den tal fricative: b)Voiceless labiode ntal fricative: c)2. A morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a d)morpheme, whereas a morpheme that must be attached to ano ther one is a说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写

5、在试题纸上的无效e) morpheme. The plural -s inbooks”，for example, is af) morpheme accord in gly.3. According to Speech Act Theory, a g)act is the act of uttering words,phrases, and clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syn tax, lexic on and pho no logy. An h)act is the act of expres

6、s ing thespeakers intention; it is the act performed in saying something. Ai) act is the act performed by or result ing from say ing someth ing; itis the con seque nee of, or the cha nge brought about by the uttera nee; it is the act performed by saying something.4. Language exists in time and chang

7、es through time. The description of a Ianguageat some point of time in history is a j)study; the description of aIan guage as it cha nges through time is a k)study. A l)study of Ianguage is a historical study; it studies the historical development of Ian guage over a period of time.5. When two words

8、 are identical in sound, they are called m).When two words are ide ntical in spelli ng, they are called n).When two words are identical in both sound and spelling, they are called complete homony ms. For example, rain and reig n are o)IV. To be a student of linguistics,it is important to develop a s

9、enseof critical thinking. Please answer the following questions to demonstrate your critical potentials. (35%)1. (Between a passenger and the bus driver)说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效Passe nger: Can you tell me whe n we get to Liverpool, please?Driver: It 'a big place. You wontmiss it.What is wrong w

10、ith their conv ersatio n?2. (Between a Chinese learner of English and Prof. Higgins)Chin ese lear ner: Have you had your lun ch, Prof. Higgi ns?Prof. Higg in s:(Surprised, not knowing what to say)What has caused this pragmatic failure?3. The classic semantic triangle was suggested by Ogden and Richa

11、rds to explain the relati on ship betwee n words and thin gs. What is the shortco ming of this tria ngle?4. First consider the following situation:A: What do you thi nk of the movie?B: Well, I th ink the music is pretty good.The n an swer the questio n: What implicature can you get from ' uttera

12、 nee?5. First read the follow ing in terview:A (In terviewer): What is one of the greatest new bus in ess ideas, in your opinion?B (In terviewee): I thi nk there are two types of inno vati on. The first idea of inno vati on is where somebody has a won derful idea that is appare ntly out of the blue.

13、 I think this happens very rarely. The second sort of innovation is where somebody takes an idea and moves it in to a completely new space. I think eBay is particularly effective, because it took the idea of auction buying and selling things that people could do in their own location and it made it说

14、明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。accessible to an ybody with access to the Intern et.The n try to an alyze the in terview in terms of field of discourse, tenor of discourse and mode of discourse.V. Write two short essays on the following topics to demonstrate your potential of doing linguistics. (30%)1. The

15、 following two passages will reveal how Ianguage can vary in the degree of formality:Passage A:It has bee n no ted with concern that the stock of books in the library has bee n decli ning alarmi ngly. Stude nts are asked to remi nd themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and t

16、o bear in mind the needs of other students. Pen alties for overdue books will in the future be strictly en forced.Passage BThe nu mber of books in the library has bee n going dow n. Please make sure you know the rules for borrow ing, and don't forget that the library is for every one's conve

17、nience. So from now on, we're going to enforce the rules strictly. You have bee n warn ed!Passage A is obviously more formal than Passage B. Now please compare the two passages and try to point out, with examples, what makes Passage A more formal.2. The following two groups of sayings reveal tha

18、t different Ianguages may reflect differe nt cultures; differe nt cultures en tail differe nt Ian guage expressi ons.Group A:说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。1) A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.2) He who would search for pearls must dive below.3) Living without an aim is like sailing without a c

19、ompass.4) The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.Group B:1) 斩草不除根，逢春必要生。2) 前人种树，后人乘凉。3) 种田不用问，深耕多上粪。4) 巧妇难为无米之炊。Con trast the above two groups of say ings in both En glish and Chin ese cultures and then discuss the idea that Ianguage is a reflection of culture (consider the hi

20、story and geography in both cultures).说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。Translation (50 points)VI. Please translate the following passage into Chinese. (25 points)One of the fastest and easiest ways to in crease your in come is to ask for a raise.Here are some tips on how to ask and get the raise you deserv

21、e. Just like anything in life, you aren ' going to get what you want if you don' ask for it. It ' tlse same principle as asking girls out on dates. You will never make any sales if you don' t make any calls. I am con sta ntly surprised by how many of my friends and coworkers are fear

22、ful of asking for a raise becausethey don' want to seem ungrateful or are afraid of getting turned down and feeling rejected. People don' s eem to grasp the con cept that you are simply selli ng a service to your compa ny by being employed with them. That service is your time and your labor.

23、 If you' vdoeen with your compa ny for over 6 mon ths or up to a year and have n' t received any pay adjustmI ' d say just asking will work 75% of the time. Learn these magic words:talk to you about a salary adjustment.” Once you ' re sure you have establishedvalue, it ' s time to seek your re