主谓一致英语语法详细讲解

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上主 谓 一 致英语中，主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。根据这三条原则，现从以下几个方面进行总结：一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1. 由and/both.and.连接的两个单数名词作主语时（两个冠词），谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。例如：A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时（一个冠词），谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A needle and thread

2、 was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。 The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。2. 一个单数名词同时被and连接的两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. 古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The last and most difficult lesso

3、n is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。3. 当each.and each.，every.and every.，no.and no.，many a.and many a.结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。 Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。【注意1】Early to bed and early to rise makes a man h

4、ealthy, happy and wise.（习惯用语）【注意2】one and a half+复数名词+复数谓语动词a(an)+单数名词and a half+单数谓语动词4. 由not only A but also B，not A but B，neither A nor B，either A or B，whether A or B，A or B连接的并列主语和there be结构，谓语动词通常根据就近一致原则决定。例如： Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责

5、。 There are some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.【注意1】由no A but B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常根据A决定。例如：No one in the department but Tom and I knows that the direct is going to resign.【注意2】由nobody but B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常根据nobody决定，用单数。例如：Nobody but Susan knows the secret.【注意3】由all but B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常根据all决定，用复数。例如：All

6、but one were here just now.【注意4】由no one except B连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常根据no one决定，用单数。例如：No one except John and Mike has passed the examination.【总结】以上结构中，but和except属于介词，谓语动词有前面的主语确定。【注意5】a(an)+单数名词+or two+单数谓语动词one or two+复数名词+复数谓语动词【注意6】There is one or two letters I would like to answer this evening.（就近一致）5

7、. 当主语由as well as，along with，together with，with；but，except，besides，in addition to, rather than；like，including，no less than（不少于，多达）等词连接时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。例如： An iron and steal works, with some satellite factories is to be built here. 在这里将建立一个钢铁厂和一些卫星厂。 Tom, along with his friends, goes skating ev

8、ery Saturday. 每个星期六,汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。二、百分数和分数作主语时的主谓一致当百分数、分数后面加“of+名词或代词”时，根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数。例如： Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.我们学校百分之五十的学生是女生。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海洋。三、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致1. 不

9、定代词each，one，another，the other，either，neither (+of 名词/代词)和由some，any，no，every+one或thing构成的复合代词（即someone, somebody, something; anyone, anybody, anything; no one, nobody, nothing; everyone, everything, everything）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Neither of us has gone through regular training. 我们两个都没经过正规训练。 Nobody wa

10、nts to go there, does he? 没有人想去那里，是吧？ Something has been done to end the strike. 已经采取措施制止罢工了。2. little, much作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Little has been done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much has been done to fight against pollution.3. none作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法。例如： None of us seem to have

11、thought of it. 似乎我们全都没有想到这一点. None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single one) 我们都没有照相机. 4. any+of 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。例如：If any of your friends is/are interested in it, let me know. 如果你朋友中有人对此感兴趣，请告诉我。5. both, (a) few, many, several（+of 复数名词）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Both (of) the instruments are

12、 not precise ones. 这两种仪器并不都是精密仪器. 6. all作主语时，根据意义一致原则，表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数。例如： All is well that ends well. 结果好一切都好。 All are eager to reach an agreement. 大家都急于达成一项协议。四、表示“全体”，“部分”等意义的词作主语时的主谓一致当主语是some, half, such, most, the rest, the last, the remainder等时，其谓语一般应遵循意义一致的原则。如果其后有“of+名词/代词”，of后面的名词

13、是单数，则用单数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。例如： Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. 我们中的三个人去,其余的人留在这里。 After the big fire, the remainder is nothing. 大火之后什么也没剩下。五、“the+形容词/过去分词”作主语时的主谓一致当“the +形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数。例如： The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。 The true

14、 is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。【注意】姓氏名词用复数且前面加上定冠词时，表示一家人或一对夫妇，作主语时，谓语用复数。例如：The Zhous live upstairs. 姓周的那家住在楼上。The Smiths prefer sending e-mails to writing letters, because it is faster.六、形式为复数，意义为单数的名词作主语时的主谓一致1. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如： Eight hours of s

15、leep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。 Ten pounds was missing from the till. 钱柜里的10英镑不见了。【注意】More than two weeks has passed already.2. 以数字作主语的词或短语，有时可以看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Thirty-six from forty-five leaves nine. 四十五减去三十六等于九。【注意】两数相加或两数相乘，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。例如：Six times seven are / is forty-two. 六乘以七等于四十二。3. 主语为以

16、-ics结尾的学科名称时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：Politics is often a topic for discussion among us. 政治常常是我们讨论的话题。4. 以-s结尾的专有名词（如news, the United States, the United Nations等名称）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：New York Times has a wide circulation. 纽约时报的销路很广。The United States has not intervened currency market since 2000.美国自2000年以后就没有干预

17、货币市场了。5. 群岛，山脉，瀑布等专有名词，如the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Niagara Falls are a splendid scene. 尼亚加拉瀑布是一个壮丽的景象。6. 一些形式为复数，表示成双或多多益善的意思，但实际上意思为单数的名词，如trousers, pants, shorts, socks, shoes, clothes；glasses, chopsticks, scissors；goods, remains, ruins, congratulations, cheers等作主语时

18、，谓语动词用复数。例如：Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的. 【注意】当这类名词前有a pair of/ two pairs of/ a kind of/ a series of等数量词修饰时，谓语动词根据数量词确定单复数。例如：This pair of scissors is made in Hangzhou. 这把剪刀是杭州制造的。 Two pairs of pants are sold this morning.7. 单复数同形，如means, plastics, works(工厂), sheep, species, Chinese, Japanese等作主语时，谓

19、语动词根据意义可以用单数和复数形式。8. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅、教堂、诊所等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Richardsons has a lot of imported goods to sell. 理查德的店里有许多进口的商品。七、the number of, many a . 等作主语时的主谓一致1. the number of +复数名词(的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而a number of +复数名词/ numbers of +复数名词(许多)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：The number of mistakes is sur

20、prising. 错误之多是惊人的。2. the amount of . (的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；an amount of +不可数名词+不可数名词(许多)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；amounts of +不可数名词(许多)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。3. the quantity/collection/supply of. (的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；a quantity/collection/supply of +可数名词/不可数名词(许多/堆/大量)，谓语动词用复数/单数；quantities/collections/supplies of +可数名词/不可数名词(许多

21、/堆/大量)，谓语动词用复数。4. a variety of+复数名词(许多)，谓语动词用复数；varieties of+复数名词(许多)，谓语动词用复数。【注意】a variety of+单数名词，谓语动词用单数，此时的意思是“一种，一类”，而不是“许多”。5. a lot of/lots of/a heap of/ heaps of/ plenty of+可数名词/不可数名词，谓语动词根据名词的单复数来决定用单数或复数。6. the majority of . (绝大多数的) 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：The majority of doctors believe smoking i

22、s harmful to health.7. many a, more than one+单数名词构成的短语，尽管意义上是复数，但是谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity. 很多同志都有那种机遇。8. a great deal of/much+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。9. a good many/many+复数名词，谓语动词用复数。八、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 有生命的词，如cattle, police, people, youth, militia(民兵), deer等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

23、The police are investigating the crime. 警察正在调查这次犯罪活动。2. 无生命的词，如foliage(叶子), machinery (机械), merchandise (商品,货物), jewellery, furniture, clothing等作主语时表统称，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.这家工厂的全部机器是中国制造的. 3. town, school, village, population, family, team, group, class, go

24、vernment, nation, club, company, party, audience, crew(全体船员), committee(委员会), mankind, public, crowd, enemy, couple等作主语时，如果指一个整体，此时可用the 或加形容词whole修饰，谓语动词用单数；如果指全体中的每一个成员则用复数形式。例如： The whole school were / was sorry when she left. 她离开时，全校师生都很伤心。 The whole town is / are in agreement about the plan. 全体

25、镇民都同意这项计划。 The football team is being recognized. (他们)正在重建这个足球队. The football team are having baths and then they are coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡,然后他们会回到这里来喝茶. 九、“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中的主谓一致 1. 在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。例如：This is one of the rooms that were damaged i

26、n the fire.这是那次大火烧毁的房间之一. 2. 在“the (only/just/very) one of +复数名词+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band. 玛丽是参加乐队伴奏的最年轻的姑娘. 十、从句、动词不定式和-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致1. 在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数；动词不定式，动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如： What caused the accident is a