英语时态总结(完整).doc

1、英语时态总结(完好)英语共有十六个时态、 四个体。注：四个体为-一般、进展、完成、完成进展。英语中 de 四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中 de 式 ，如：直陈式，命令式等。 1 一般如今时根本形式以 do 为例：数 第三人称单数：does主语为非第三人称单数；句 肯定句：主语动词原形其他；He works for us.句 否认句：主语don‘t/doesn"t动词原形其他；He doesn"t work for us.句 一般疑问句：Do/Does主语动词原形其他。肯定答复 ：Yes， 主语do/does否认答复 ：No，主语do

2、n"t/doesn"t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesn"tWhat does he do for us?He works for us. 2 一般过去时be 动词行为动词 de 过去式否认句式：在行为动词前加 didn‘t，同时复原行为动词，或 waswerenot；was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词 dode 过去式 did 提问，同时复原行为动词例如：Did he work for us?He didn"t work for us.H

3、e worked for us. 3 一般将来时amareisgoing todo 或willshalldoam/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;一般将来时 de 表达方法be going to +动词原形be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to 动词原形be able to +不定式be about to+动词原形will + 动词原形；例如：He is going to work for us.He will work for us；He is ing.这是特殊 de 用一般如今时 表达 将来时态 de 例子！(4) 过去将来

4、时bewas，weregoing to+动词原形bewas，wereabout to+动词原形bewas，wereto+动词原形肯定句：主语+bewas，weregoing to+动词原形.否认句：主语+bewas，werenot going to+动词原形.疑问句：BeWas，Were+主语+going to+动词原形？肯定句：主语+wouldshould+动词原形.否认句：主语+wouldshouldnot+动词原形.疑问句：WouldShould+主语+动词原形？He would work for us.(5) 如今进展时主语+be+v.ing如今分词形式(其中 v 表示动词)表示如今正

5、在进展 de 动作或最近在做 de 事。例如：I am buying a book.第一人称+am+doing+sth第二人称+are+doing +sth doing 是泛指所有 dev-ing 形式第三人称+is+doing+sth例：He is working.(6) 过去进展时肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它否认句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ；答语：Yes,I 主语+was/were./No,I 主语+wasn"t/weren"t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/wer

6、e+主语+doing+其它He was working when he was alive.(7) 将来进展时主语+will + be +如今分词He will be working for us.=He will work for us.(8) 过去将来进展时should(would)+be+如今分词He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.(9) 如今完成时根本构造：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否认句：主语+have/ha

7、s+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句have/has+主语+过去分词+其他He has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10) 过去完成时根本构造：主语+had+过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他否认句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他肯定答复：Yes,主语+had否认答复：No,主语+hadn"t特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句had+主语+过去分

8、词+其他语法断定: 1 by + 过去 de 时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o"clock last night. 2 by the end of + 过去 de 时间点。如：We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 3 before + 过去 de 时间点。如：They had planted si_ hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11) 将来完成时shallwill+have

9、+动词过去分词before+将来时间或 by+将来时间before 或 by the time 引导 de 如今时 de 从句He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.(12) 过去将来完成时should / would have done sth.He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13) 如今完成进展时根本与如今完成时一样，但是如今完成进展时只能表示仍然持续 de 概念have/has been +-ing 分词He h

10、as been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.(14) 过去完成进展时had been +-ing 分词He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15) 将来完成进展时主语+ shall/will have been doingHe will have been working for us.=He will work for us

11、.翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作过去在工作，如今在工作，将来还会工作(16) 过去将来完成进展时should+have been+如今分词用于第一人称would have been+如今分词用于其别人称He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.：举例：英语中有 12 个主要时态，都来自于三时过去、如今、将来如今以 I listen 为例，举例英语中有 12 个主要时态如下所示：一般如今时：I listen如今进展时：I am listening过去进展时：I was lis

12、tening如今完成时：I have listened如今完成进展时：I have been listening一般将来时：I shall listen”或“I will listen.”将来进展时：I shall be listening一般过去时：I listened过去完成时：I had listened过去完成进展时：I had been listening将来完成时：I shall have listened将来完成进展时：I shall have been listening英语中不存在格 属格一个普遍 de 误解是在英语中只存在一个以“"s”结尾表示所属 de 属格。然

13、而，语言学家已经说明英语 de 所有格完全不是一个格，而是一个独立 de 词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词 de 一局部，这可以有下面这个句子说明：The King of Sparta"s wife was called Helen.斯巴达国王 de 妻子叫做海伦。假如“"s”是属格，那么“妻子”wife就属于“斯巴达”Sparta，但是“"s”并不是只表示“斯巴达”Sparta，而是表示“斯巴达国王”King of Sparta。上面这个例子并不说明英语没有自己 de 属格；但是它如今已经开展成为另一个形式。在古英语中，bande 属格形式是 banes。后来在现代英语中，这个开展成为了使用“"s”表示 de“bone"s”。在 18 世纪，人们对此 de 解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词，就像“the King"s horse”是“the King, his horse”de 缩写。但是这个解释是不正确 de。人们更相信是省略号代替了古英语中 de“e”。英语和“ 与格”在现代英语中，与格不再是英语语法 de 一局部，它只出如今一些表达用语中。一个很好 de 例子是单词 methinks据我看来。它古英语 de 与格形式变化：me与格 de 人称代词+thinksto seem，与动词词组