2016年初中英语不定式复习上课必用

1、动词不定式动词不定式 v定义：不定式的构成是to+to+动词原形动词原形，当然toto有时也可以省略有时也可以省略。动词不定式没有人称没有人称和数的变化和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。构成：构成：to + do(动词原形动词原形)（1 1）基本形式：）基本形式： to+动词原形动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带（在某些情况下可以不带 to）（2 2）特点）特点 ： A .A .没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化, ,不能单独不能单独做谓语做谓语B . 可以作主语、宾语、表语、可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语、宾语补足语状语、宾语补足语动词不定式动词不定式C.有动词特点，有自己的宾语和状

2、语有动词特点，有自己的宾语和状语用法：用法：1、用作宾语用作宾语 (v. + to do )e.g: I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you. I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。我发现很难入睡。 need to do learn to doagree to do stop to doplan to do decide to do go on to do try to do begin to do start to do r

3、efuse to do like to doforget to do remember to dov动词不定式做主语时常用动词不定式做主语时常用it作形式主语，把真正主作形式主语，把真正主语放后面。若要说明动作是谁做的，可在不定式前语放后面。若要说明动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加加for引导的短语；但若表语是引导的短语；但若表语是kind.nice.right.wrong.clever.polite.rude.careful等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在其前等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在其前加一个加一个of引导的名词或代词短语加以说明，或称赞引导的名词或代词短语加以说明，或称

4、赞或责备批评。或责备批评。vIts very nice of you to help me.你能帮助我真是你能帮助我真是太好了。太好了。vIts necessary for the students to do eye-exercises twice a day.对学生来说一天做两次眼保对学生来说一天做两次眼保健操是重要的。健操是重要的。A、作主语、作主语，如 To learn a foreign language is not easy . It is good others. 帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。 to hel

5、pto surf= Its not easy to learn a foreign language.动词不定式用法动词不定式用法B 作宾语作宾语 动词动词 + to do常见动词有常见动词有 start,like,forget,learn,agree, decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan 等等 1 He decided (buy) the camera.to buy 2 I want (listen to) some music after class.to listen to 3 I hope (travel) all over the world

6、one day.to travel动词不定式动词不定式C、作表语、作表语，如The important thing is to finish the work on time . What you have to do now is (打扫教室) to clean the classroom 动词不定式动词不定式6.用作定语用作定语Give me something to drink.I have two books to read.They have much food to eat.（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略若是不及物动词

7、，介词不能省略）He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.The ice is hard enough to skate on.He bought a toy to play with.3. 用作状语用作状语(adverbial)：He came to show me his new CD player.I went there to see my teacher. She came back to get her English book.The boy was too frightened to move.

8、(目的)(目的)(目的)（结果）（结果）2. 用作宾语补足语：用作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write. want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to dotoo.to 太太 . 以致于不能以致于不

9、能.enough to 足以足以.The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。 特殊用法特殊用法2) 动词动词+疑问词疑问词 + to doI dont know what to do . how to do it/that. (去哪里) (什么时候出发) (选择哪个)Where to go When to leave Which one to choose动词不定式动词不定式v动词不定式作宾语时，若其后面有宾补，动词不定式作宾语时，若其后面有宾补，常用常用

10、 it作形式宾语，而把真正宾语放在作形式宾语，而把真正宾语放在宾补后面宾补后面v句型：句型：v 主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾语补足语宾语补足语+动词不定动词不定式（短语）。式（短语）。3) 动词动词 + it(形式宾语）形式宾语）+宾补宾补 +to doI find it important to learn English我发现很难和他好好相处.我发现在温暖的春天很容易入睡I find it hard to get on well with him .I find it easy to fall asleep in warm spring.动词不定式动词不定式1) 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 +

11、to do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .注：有以上结构的常用动词有注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。等。2) 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 + do(不带不带 to 的不定式的不定式)注：常用的动词是注：常用的动词是:感官动词感官动词see, hear, feel, watch； 使役动词使役动词 have ,make, let.另外在另外在had better后也不带后也不带to动词不定式做宾补动

12、词不定式做宾补vHer mother makes her do her homework erery evening.她妈妈让她每天晚上做作业。vYoud better not go out now.你最好不要现在出去。E、作状语、作状语可以表目的、表结果、表原因可以表目的、表结果、表原因F、作定语、作定语（修饰名词，必须后置）（修饰名词，必须后置）I came here ( 告诉你一个好消息)to tell you a good newsWe have a lot of homework to do every day.I have a good news to tell you.我们每天有

13、很多作业要做.我有个好消息要告诉你.动词不定式动词不定式He is very glad to meet you(见到你他很高兴) not + to doMr.Smith asked the boy _(not play) this kind of game. not to playPlease tell her _(not do) so much housework. not to do动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式一、常使用动词不定式的短语一、常使用动词不定式的短语 1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth 该作某事的时候了该作某事的时候了. 2

14、、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事迫不及待要作某事 3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求要求/告诉某人告诉某人(不不)作某事作某事 4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事允许某人作某事 5、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事想要作某事 中考重点句型中考重点句型7、have sth/nothing to do 有有时要做时要做/与与无无关关 8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事发觉作某事 9、prefer to do sth. rather

15、 than do sth. 宁愿作某事宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事而不愿作某事 10、Its +adj. for sb. to do sth. 作某事对某人来说作某事对某人来说 11、Its better /best to do sth. 最好做某事最好做某事 12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间某人做某事用了一些时间 中考重点句型中考重点句型1 1、一看二听三使役、一看二听三使役 see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ loo

16、k at /listen to sb. do sth. sth. 看看见见/ /听听见见/ /感感觉觉/ /注意某人作某事注意某人作某事 make /let /have sb. do sth.make /let /have sb. do sth. 使使/ /让让某人做某事某人做某事 2 2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮帮助某人作某事助某人作某事 3 3、 had better (not) do sth.had better (not) do sth. 最好最好( (不不) )做某事做某事 4 4、

17、 Why dont you/ not do sth.Why dont you/ not do sth.为为什什么么不作某事不作某事 5 5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 请你请你( (不不) )作某事好作某事好吗吗? ? 省略动词不定式的短语省略动词不定式的短语1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事停止正在作的事 eg. When the teac

18、her came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest. 2、 forget / remember to do sth. 忘记忘记/记得要去作某事记得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘记记得曾经做过某事忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg. Please remember to bring my book to school. I remember doing my homework 同义词比较同

19、义词比较3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事过去常常作某事 be used to do sth. 被用来作某事被用来作某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事习惯于作某事 eg. My father used to smoke. Wood is used to make paper. I am used to getting up early. 同义词比较同义词比较5、 tooto do sth. 太太而不能而不能 so +adj. /adv + that(从句从句) 如此如此以致以致 such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句从句) 如

20、此如此以致以致 (not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说对某人来说)做某事做某事(不不)够够 eg. The boy is too young to go to school. The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. The boy is not old enough to go to school. 同义词比较同义词比较1. The workers want us _ together with th

21、em. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 2. -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 3. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what

22、 D. to choose which 4. The teacher told them _make so much noise. A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to CCBD1.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B .

23、riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding3.He gave us some advice on how_ English. A.learning B . learned C. to learn D . learn4.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing? A. thisB. thatC. it D. he5.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A .to see B .seeing C .see D .to be seenCCCCB6.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D .rest7.Im thirsty. Would you please give me something_. A .drunk B .to drink C .to be drunk D .for drinking8.Tom is the first _ to school. A . get B .