202X版高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专题八数词和主谓一致课件牛津译林版

1、八、数词和主谓一致八、数词和主谓一致语法专项语法专项跟踪训练跟踪训练语法专项语法专项精讲精讲 细筛选细筛选巧拓展巧拓展一、数词一、数词 考点一基数词考点一基数词1.1.注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。 如如:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty :eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty 等。等。2.2.英语中的数量以三位为一个单位英语中的数量以三位为一个单位, ,一般对应阿拉伯数字的写法每三位加一个一般对应阿拉伯数字的

2、写法每三位加一个 逗号逗号, ,分别是分别是thousand,millionthousand,million和和 billionbillion。如。如:ten thousand=10,000;one :ten thousand=10,000;one hundred million=100,000,000 hundred million=100,000,000。3.3.数词数词 hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score 表示确切数目时表示确切数目时 不加不加-

3、s,-s,但若表示不确切数目时但若表示不确切数目时, ,要用复数形式要用复数形式, ,与与ofof构成短语。如构成短语。如: :一万一万: : ten thousand; ten thousand;成千上万的成千上万的: tens of thousands of;: tens of thousands of;两打鸡蛋两打鸡蛋:two dozen :two dozen eggs; eggs;许多鸡蛋许多鸡蛋:dozens of eggs:dozens of eggs。 We got two hundred story-books. We got two hundred story-books.

4、我们弄到了两百本故事书。我们弄到了两百本故事书。 There are hundreds of people in the hall. There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有好几百人。大厅里有好几百人。4.4.年代及年龄表达法年代及年龄表达法 表示表示“某人几十岁某人几十岁”时时, ,用用“in ones+in ones+逢十的基数词复数逢十的基数词复数”, ,而而“十几十几 岁岁”不可表示为不可表示为tens,tens,而要说成而要说成teens;teens;表示表示“世纪世纪年代年代”时时, ,用用 “ “in the+in the+逢十

5、的年数后加逢十的年数后加s s或或s”s”。如。如: : in his twenties in his twenties 在他在他2020多岁时多岁时 in the 1990s/1990s in the 1990s/1990s 在在2020世纪世纪9090年代年代考点二序数词考点二序数词1.1.序数词前面一般加序数词前面一般加the,the,多数序数词由基数词加多数序数词由基数词加-th-th构成。如构成。如:the :the fifteenth; fifteenth;以以y y结尾的基数词变化时结尾的基数词变化时, ,先把先把y y改成改成i,i,再加再加-eth-eth。 如如:twent

6、ieth:twentieth。注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。 如如:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等。等。特别提示特别提示 但如果表示但如果表示“又又( (另另) )一一”( (不侧重顺序不侧重顺序) )或在名次中排或在名次中排“第几第几”时时, ,序数词前要用不定冠词。如序数词前要用不定冠词。如: :Now tell me why you took a second arrow.Now tell me why y

7、ou took a second arrow.告诉我告诉我, ,为什么你手里拿着另一支箭为什么你手里拿着另一支箭? ?You should try to get a first or a second in the examination.You should try to get a first or a second in the examination.你应力争在这次考试中得个第一、二名。你应力争在这次考试中得个第一、二名。2.2.序数词常可缩写序数词常可缩写, ,其形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母。如其形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母。如:1st, :1st, 2nd,3r

8、d,4th,21st,22nd,23rd,24th 2nd,3rd,4th,21st,22nd,23rd,24th。3.3.小数小数 小数点用小数点用pointpoint表示表示, ,小数点后的数用个位基数词表示。如小数点后的数用个位基数词表示。如:0.567zero :0.567zero point five six seven point five six seven。4.4.分数分数 分子用基数词分子用基数词, ,分母用序数词分母用序数词, ,如果分子大于如果分子大于1,1,分母需加分母需加-s-s。如。如:1/5one :1/5one fifth/one-fifth;3/4three

9、fourths/three- fourths fifth/one-fifth;3/4three fourths/three- fourths。5.5.百分数百分数 百分号用百分号用percent (per cent)percent (per cent)或或 % % 表示。如表示。如:19.56 %nineteen point :19.56 %nineteen point five six percent five six percent。二、主谓一致二、主谓一致考点一语法一致考点一语法一致1.1.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时, ,谓语动词

10、用单数。谓语动词用单数。 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet. decided yet. 带薪度假的时间和地点还没决定。带薪度假的时间和地点还没决定。2.“one/either/neither/each of+2.“one/either/neither/each of+复数名词复数名词/ /代词代词”作主语时作主语时, ,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 Either of t

11、he stories is very funny. Either of the stories is very funny. 这两个故事都很有趣。这两个故事都很有趣。3.something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,no one3.something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,no one等不等不 定代词作主语定代词作主语, ,谓语通常用单数。谓语通常用单数。 Nothing is impossible. Nothing is impossible. 没有不可能的事。没有

12、不可能的事。4.4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语, ,通常被看作一个整通常被看作一个整 体体, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 Ten pounds was missing from the box. Ten pounds was missing from the box. 盒子里的东西少了十磅。盒子里的东西少了十磅。5.5.主语后有主语后有with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well aswith,together with,along with,except,

13、besides,as well as等等 词或短语时词或短语时, ,谓语动词的数要与这些词或短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致谓语动词的数要与这些词或短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致 ( (因为因为withwith等词为介词等词为介词, ,其后跟的名词只能是介宾其后跟的名词只能是介宾, ,不可能充当主语不可能充当主语) )。 Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 格林先生每

14、个星期天都和他的孩子们一起去这个公园。格林先生每个星期天都和他的孩子们一起去这个公园。6.what6.what引导的从句作主语时引导的从句作主语时, ,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。 What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study. What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study. 最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度。最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度。 What her father left her are o

15、nly some books. What her father left her are only some books. 她父亲留给她的只有一些书。她父亲留给她的只有一些书。7.such7.such作主语时作主语时, ,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。 Such is Stephen Hawking,who has suffered a great deal but achieved Such is Stephen Hawking,who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. so much

16、. 这就是史蒂芬这就是史蒂芬霍金霍金, ,他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就。他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就。 Such are the results we have got. Such are the results we have got. 这些就是我们所取得的成果。这些就是我们所取得的成果。8.8.有计量单位名词修饰的不可数名词充当句子主语时有计量单位名词修饰的不可数名词充当句子主语时, ,谓语动词用单数还是用谓语动词用单数还是用 复数形式复数形式, ,由计量单位名词的单、复数形式决定。由计量单位名词的单、复数形式决定。 There is a cup of tea on the t

17、able. There is a cup of tea on the table. 桌子上有一杯茶。桌子上有一杯茶。 How many bottles of milk are there in the box? How many bottles of milk are there in the box? 箱子里有多少瓶牛奶箱子里有多少瓶牛奶? ? 考点二意义一致考点二意义一致1.“every/each/no+1.“every/each/no+名词名词+and every/each/no+and every/each/no+名词名词”作主语时作主语时, ,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 Every b

18、oy and every girl is having sports now. Every boy and every girl is having sports now. 每个男孩和女孩都正在参加运动。每个男孩和女孩都正在参加运动。2.“one+2.“one+单数名词单数名词+and a half”+and a half”作主语时作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 One apple and a half was on the table. One apple and a half was on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果。桌子上有一个半苹果。3.“more tha

19、n one+3.“more than one+单数名词单数名词”作主语时作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 More than one student has failed the exam. More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格。不止一个学生考试不及格。4.“many a+4.“many a+单数名词单数名词”作主语时作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 Many a child was playing there. Many a child was playing there. 很多孩子在那边玩。

20、很多孩子在那边玩。5.5.在定语从句中在定语从句中, ,关系代词如果在从句中作主语关系代词如果在从句中作主语, ,根据先行词决定从句谓语根据先行词决定从句谓语 动词的单复数动词的单复数; ;在在“one of+one of+复数名词复数名词+who/ that/which”+who/ that/which”引导的从句结引导的从句结 构中构中, ,从句中的动词用复数从句中的动词用复数; ;但之前有但之前有the(only)the(only)等修饰语时等修饰语时, ,从句中的动从句中的动 词用单数。词用单数。 Mary is the only one of the students in our

21、school who has ever Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China. been to China. 玛丽是我们学校唯一一个去过中国的学生。玛丽是我们学校唯一一个去过中国的学生。6.the rest,the remaining/part.+6.the rest,the remaining/part.+主语主语, ,谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数 意义而定。意义而定。 The factory used three fifths of the ra

22、w materials,the rest of The factory used three fifths of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other purposes. which were saved for other purposes. 工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三, ,剩余部分节省出来作为他用。剩余部分节省出来作为他用。7.7.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时, ,谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的 意义。意义。 About

23、 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants. About 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants. 大约大约50%50%的土地适合种植物。的土地适合种植物。 About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up. water going up. 这个城市中大约这个城

24、市中大约80%80%的人反对自来水价格上调。的人反对自来水价格上调。考点三就近原则考点三就近原则1.1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与其最接近的主语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中谓语动词的人称和数常常与其最接近的主语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中 的连词有的连词有or,not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not or,not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also. only.but also.等。等。 Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matt

25、er. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 要么他们要么我为这个事情的结果负责。要么他们要么我为这个事情的结果负责。2.2.在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。 In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. the peop

26、le. 远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。3.3.当当there bethere be句型的主语是一系列事物时句型的主语是一系列事物时, ,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 here here引起的句子与此用法相同。引起的句子与此用法相同。 There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk. There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔、一把刀和几本书。桌子上有一支钢笔、一把刀和几本书。 Here is a

27、 pen,a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. Here is a pen,a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. 在抽屉里有一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸。在抽屉里有一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸。特别提示特别提示 就近一致原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句里就近一致原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句里, ,同样是依据最近同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。Is either Tom or you to be sent to work there?Is ei

28、ther Tom or you to be sent to work there?是你或者汤姆要被派去那里工作吗是你或者汤姆要被派去那里工作吗? ?真题链接真题链接1.Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 1.Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011, the country 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.(grow) more corn than rice.(2

29、0182018全国全国)2.(2.(改错改错)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The )At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as

30、well.”( textbooks, and mistake as well.”(20182018全国全国) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.has grown1.has grown由由Since 2011Since 2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始, ,一一直持续到现在直持续到现在, ,故用现在完成时故用现在完成时, ,且主语且主语the country the country 是单数名词。是单数名词。2.includeincludes2.includeincludesmistakemistakesmistakemistakes第一处为

31、主谓一致错误。第一处为主谓一致错误。thatthat指指代代learning,learning,谓语动词应用单数形式。谓语动词应用单数形式。mistakemistake是可数名词是可数名词, ,错误不止一个错误不止一个, ,因此因此用复数形式。用复数形式。3.(3.(改错改错)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took )In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. ( driving lessons. (2

32、0172017全国全国) )答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.eighteen3.eighteen改为改为eighteentheighteenth考查序数词考查序数词,18,18岁的生日岁的生日, ,应该用序数词应该用序数词eighteentheighteenth。跟踪训练跟踪训练运用运用 重实效重实效冲高考冲高考.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow(be) often (be) often acceptabl

33、e. acceptable.2.She became an Arizona state senator(2.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员参议员) and, in 1981, the ) and, in 1981, the (one) woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.(one) woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1. is1. is考查句子结构和主谓一致考查句子结构和主谓一致, ,本句中动名词短语作主语本句中动名词短语作主语, ,谓语动词用单谓

34、语动词用单数形式数形式, ,故使用故使用isis。2.first2.first考查数词。根据句意考查数词。根据句意, ,在在19811981年年, ,她成为第一个加入最高法院的女她成为第一个加入最高法院的女性。用序数词性。用序数词firstfirst表示表示“第一第一”。3.A new collection of photos 3.A new collection of photos (bring) an unsuccessful (bring) an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Antarctic voyage back to li

35、fe.4.Without a 4.Without a (two) thought, the woman joined the Welty (two) thought, the woman joined the Welty party. party.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :3.brings3.brings考查主谓一致。该句的主语为考查主谓一致。该句的主语为A new collection,A new collection,并不是并不是photos,photos,谓语动词应该和谓语动词应该和A new collectionA new collection保持一致保持一致, ,用第三人称单数。用第

36、三人称单数。4.second4.second考查数词。考查数词。secondsecond表示表示“又又, ,再再”, ,此处表示此处表示“不加思索不加思索”。5.Half of the population here 5.Half of the population here (come) from China.(come) from China.6.All we need 6.All we need (be) a small piece of land where we can (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kin

37、ds of fruit trees throughout the growing-seasons plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing-seasons of the year. of the year.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :e考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知, ,此处应该填谓语动词此处应该填谓语动词, ,句句意意: :这里一半的人口来自中国。表示一般情况用一般现在时。由于主语这里一半的人口来自中国。表示一般情况用一般现在时。由于主语half half of the popu

38、lationof the population所指意义为复数所指意义为复数, ,所以谓语动词用复数形式。所以谓语动词用复数形式。6.is6.is考查谓语动词的用法。动词考查谓语动词的用法。动词bebe后为后为a small piece of land,a small piece of land,表达单数表达单数意义意义, ,故此处用故此处用isis。7.Either Mr.White,or his wife and daughters 7.Either Mr.White,or his wife and daughters (be) going to (be) going to visit Be

39、ijing next week. visit Beijing next week.8.On either side of the street 8.On either side of the street (stand) a lot of trees.(stand) a lot of trees.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :7.are7.are考查谓语动词的用法。根据就近原则考查谓语动词的用法。根据就近原则, ,填填areare。8.stand8.stand考查谓语动词的用法。街道的两边都有树考查谓语动词的用法。街道的两边都有树, ,表示通常情况表示通常情况, ,用一般现用一般现在时。本句是倒装

40、句在时。本句是倒装句, ,主语为主语为a lot of trees,a lot of trees,故谓语动词用复数形式。故谓语动词用复数形式。. .单句语法改错单句语法改错( (含非本专项及一句二错试题含非本专项及一句二错试题) )1.She took the lift to the eleventh floor,and the secretary showed 1.She took the lift to the eleventh floor,and the secretary showed her where her desk and computer was. her where her

41、 desk and computer was.2.Ive tried to talk my mother,but she always say I have to work as 2.Ive tried to talk my mother,but she always say I have to work as hard as my brother does. hard as my brother does.答案及剖析答案及剖析: :1.waswere1.waswere在在where where 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中, ,主语是主语是desk desk 和和computer,com

42、puter,谓语动谓语动词需用复数形式。词需用复数形式。2.talk2.talk后加后加tototalk to sb.talk to sb.和某人讲话和某人讲话, ,为固定搭配。为固定搭配。saysayssaysays此处意为此处意为: :她总是说她总是说, ,表示习惯性的动作表示习惯性的动作, ,且主语是且主语是she,she,故谓故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。语动词用第三人称单数形式。3.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.3.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in th

43、e library.4.But then there is always more mysteries to look into.4.But then there is always more mysteries to look into.5.There are three hundreds and sixty-five days in a year.5.There are three hundreds and sixty-five days in a year.6.John arrived at 7:00 and Tom arrived at 6:00.So John was the first 6.John arrived at 7:00 and Tom arri