高考英语不定式分词所做成分之教学案

1、高考英语不定式、分词所做成分之教学案一 分词做状语 分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said ，_ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析：该题

2、应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。2. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with t

3、he talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。) 例：The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tie

4、d D. tied 简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的主语 The murderer , 而 his hands 对于动词 tie 来说只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。 综上所述，现在分词与过去分词的根本区别是主、被动关系，正确认定逻辑主语是正确使用分词的关键。明白这一道理并不难，最重要的是要养成“分析句子成分寻找逻辑主语判断主被动关系”这一思维定势。再如： Hearing the news , they got excited. When they heard the news, hey got the news现在分词 逻辑主语.从这个例句中看出，现在分

5、词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系she got home, feeling very tired. 逻辑主语现在分词主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. 注： 当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行除了省略其连接词because, if , once, when ,从句中的主语，还要省略其be 动词When he was climbing the step, he heard

6、 terrible voice. Climbing the step, he heard terrible voiceBecause he is a child, he cant enter into the interbar.Being a child, he cant enter into the interbar 当从句中出现主n/adj, 且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，用be 动词的现在分词形式即Being +n/adj.Being excited, he speaks incoherently. Because he is excited, he speaks incoheren

7、tly.注意：当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，那么从句现在分词是独立的主格结构。从句中的主语不能省略。Wheather permitting, well go camping. If wheather permits, well go camping. 主语 现在分词主语 主语不一致 形成主谓关系 从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her. I feel very excited, this being the

8、first time to won the first. I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first.现在分词的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 (指动作通常是一般性的动作，来即不明确说明 doing发生在现在，也不说明发生在过去，将来 being done 完成式 （指ing形式的完成式发生在 having done having been done主句的谓语的动作之前 Not knowing her address, I wasnt able to contact her knowing 为一般式， H

9、aving bought our tickets, we went into the theatre We 与brought 为主动关系 从上句的句意中得知，买票的动作发生在进电影院之前。所以要用having done的形式 Having cleaned the classroom, he went home.clean的动作发生在 go 的动作之前 Having been told many times, he still reported the same mistake. he 和 tell 为被动关系有些现在分词做状语是固定结构，要记住，如jugging from/by, genera

10、lly speaking, turning to Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Generally speaking , his answer is right.Turning to the left, he saw a bus passing.二 过去分词1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果。） 过去分词与主句的主语是动宾关系，即过去分词与主语是被动关系。 The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students Teacher 与

11、followed 形成被动关系 句意为老师进入教室，后面跟了一些学生。 The teacher came into classroom, following the teacher. The teacher 与following 形成主动关系。 Given a chance, I can surprise the world. He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.2）过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，过去分词用独立的结构。其过去分词前面也要带上主语。 All things considered, her paper is of

12、great value than yours. 不是同个主语 从上面中，我们可以看到，things 与her paper 不是同一个主语.所以过去分词前的主语不能省略。 三，不定式。不定式做状语往往表示目的，原因，结果，比较和独立的成分。表是原因，结果时，不可置于句首。 She shut the window in order to (keep the insects out) (表目的) To get a job, he need a PHD.He need a PHD in order to get a job 注：当不定式位于句首时表目的时，相当于in order to 或so as t

13、o To find a job, he attended many interviews He attended many interviews in order to find a job. You were silly not to have locked your car (不定式表原因) To be honest, I dont think we have a chance of winning. 常见的这类短语有to be frank (坦白的说)， to be exact(确切地说)，to begin with(首先)，to make a long story short(长话短说

14、)等。四，确定分词的使用的具体步骤（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分（2）找准逻辑主语（3）判断主、被动关系（4）选定现在或过去分词1. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰 noise 的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来”，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此，

15、该题应选B。2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；The Olympic Games是动词 play 的承受者，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题选C。3. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. spe

16、aking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken4. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a fo

17、reign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written五，分词作表语共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1. Th

18、e news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：根据语法分析可知， sounds 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分应作表语 ；The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即消息鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。2. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析

19、：根据语法分析可知, seems 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分作表语。 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴。因此, 该题应选C。3. How did the audience receive the new play? They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。 六，分词作宾语补足语共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是

20、该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。1. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。2. Good mornin

21、g. Can I help you? Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself _. A. understand B. un

22、derstanding C. understood D. understands 简析：该题应选C。himself是make的宾语，待选部分的逻辑主语。由于英语表达能力差，说出的英语别人难于听懂，也就不易被人理解。因此，这里用过去分词来表达这一被动含义。4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析：该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。 模拟试题I. 单

23、项选择1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To seeB. Seeing C. Having seenD. Being seen 2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fixB. fixingC. fixedD. to fix3. Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its _to hear her sing. A. ple

24、ased; pleasing; pleasureB. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasureD. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure4. _a post office, I stopped_ some stamps. A. Passed, buyingB. Passing, to buyC. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy5. _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not

25、 seem high at all. A. Comparing B. To compareC. ComparedD. Having compared6. Here are some new computer programs _for home buildings. A. designingB. designC. designedD. to design7. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To saveB. SavingC. SavedD. Having saved8. The te

26、acher came into the classroom _by his students. A. followingB. to be followingC. followedD. having followed9. With the money _, he couldnt buy any ticket. A. to loseB. losingC. lostD. has lost10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make himself _. A. being heardB. hearingC.

27、heardD. hear11. The result of the test was rather _. A. disappointedB. disappointing C. being disappointedD. disappoint 12. Ive never heard the word _in spoken English. A. useB. usedC. usingD. being used 13. _how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to knowB. Not knowingC. K

28、nowing notD. Not known 14. Deeply _, I thanked her again and again. A. being movingB. movedC. movingD. to be moved 15. With winter _on, its time to buy warm clothes. A. came B. comesC. comeD. coming 16. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shownB. Showi

29、ngC. Has shownD. Having been shown 17. He went from door to door, _waste papers and magazines. A. gatheringB. gathered C. gatherD. being gathered18. The student corrected his paper carefully, _the professors suggestions. A. followB. followingC. followedD. being followed 19. The _price will save you

30、one dollar for each dozen. A. reduceB. reducingC. reducedD. reduces 20. People _in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. living 21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _. A. understandB. understanding C. to understandD. understoo

31、d 22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem _. A. settle B. settledC. to settleD. settling 23. The librarys study room is full of students _for the exam. A. busily prepared B. busy preparingC. busily prepareD. are busily preparing 24. The ground is _with _ leaves. A. covering, falling B. co

32、vered, fallingC. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen 25. Lessons _easily were soon forgotten. A. to learnB. learnC. learnedD. learning 26. The wallet _several days ago was found _in the dustbin outside the building。A. stolen, hiddenB. stealing, hidingC. stealing, hiddenD. stolen, hiding 27. A person

33、_a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, _all about his own. A. to learn, to forgetB. learning, to forgetC. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting 28. _different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. A. To produceB. Being produced C. Produced D. Havi

34、ng produced 29. The students in the university are all taking courses _a degree. A. coming toB. going toC. leading toD. turning to 30. Many things _impossible in the past are very common today. A. considerB. consideringC. consideredD. be considered 31. _many times, he still couldnt understand. A. Ha

35、ving been toldB. Having told C. He having been toldD. Telling 32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, _her two sons. A. to supportB. supporting C. supported byD. having supported 33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _9. 6 million square kilometres. A. to coverB. coveredC. cove

36、rsD. covering 34. _and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising 35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to add C. addingD. added 36. “Can you read?” Mary

37、 said _to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 37. _ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. A. WritingB. Having writtenC. WrittenD. Being written 38. Were you _when you saw that wild animal ? A. frightB. fright

38、eningC. frightenedD. frighten 39. Properly _with numbers, the books can be easily found. A. markedB. markC. to markD. marking 40. The child sat in the dentists chair _. A. trembleB. tremblingC. trembledD. to trembled 41. At this moment the bell rang, _the end of class. A. announceB. announcingC. ann

39、ouncedD. to announce42. He walked down the hills, _softly to himself. A. singB. singingC. sungD. to sing 43. I had to shout to make myself _ above the noise. A. heardB. hearingC. hearD. to hear 44. The graduating students are busy _material for their reports. A. collectB. to collectC. collectedD. co

40、llecting 45. The cars _in Beijing are as good as those _in Shanghai. A. produce, produce B. produced, producedC. produced, producingD. producing, producing 46. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _a patient. A. examineB. examiningC. to examineD. examined 47. _a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered

41、 from illness very quickly. A. Having been givenB. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 48. _a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon. A. Having been givenB. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 49. He wrote a letter to me _that his trip to

42、 Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.A. informB. informing C. informedD. being informed 50. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself _about whats going on in the world. A. informB. informingC. informedD. being informed 51.The prisoner(罪犯),_ the guard and run away, was caught the n

43、ext days.A killed B killing C having killed D being killed by52. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_ every day.(2007四川高考)A watered B watering C water D to water53. He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.(2007北京高考卷)A studied B studying C to have study D t

44、o be studying54.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.A to let B letting C let D having let55. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.A finished B finishing C having finished D was finis

45、hed.56. _in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losting57. Whether you believe it or not, it is _ that cause you illness.A because of your overweight B you are so overweightC because you are overweight D your being ove

46、rweight58. All flights_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A had been canceled B have been canceledC having been canceled D being canceled59. _ the old houses, they built a beautiful garden in that area.A Pulled down B Having pulled down C Pulling down D To pull down 60 Thousands of people have been moving to Shenzhen since 1992, its population_ to over 10,000,000.A increasing B increased C has increased D has been increased61. Studies show the electronic devices people have made use of_ music may be causing hearing loss