2019高考英语二轮高频考点3阅读理解主旨大意题解题指导练习

1、2019高考英语二轮高频考点3阅读理解主旨大意题解题指导练习胞丁解牛在高考阅读理解中，主题大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置,掌握所读材料的主岂和 大意也是英语课程标准和着试说明对考生的基本要求之一.只有通过阅读掌握了文 章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点.主旨大意题旨在考杳着牛把握伞文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即着杳着牛的归纳概 括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出矩文的标题;加已h的加丁小 短文或印.各的主题 sub惶ct）,中心思想（mminidwa侍.它要求考生在理解全文的基做上能较蟀地运用概括、判 断归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的概括或总结

2、，属于高层次题.例12012全国卷I） from the African forest is not only a kind of sugar：: is also df'icious. Most people. and. inany anjmali7 like eating it Hswer： rhe only for them to gE that honey is to find a wj：d bees n亡丸巢'and take the honey from i二 Often,也;r neit5 丁、rugh up ：a Tees; and it is dtfficut

3、to find±em. In parts of Africa, th。ugh, peopM and animals unexpected helper a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax（ 蜂蜡）in the beehives （蜂房）.The little bird cannot reach this max, which is deep inside the bee 's nest. So, whe

4、n it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person ad it leads them to the n

5、est. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eati

6、ng the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.59. What can be the best

7、title for the text?A. Wild BeesB. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Honey-Lover's Helper 点拨D短文谈日勺是可以帮助寻蜜者寻找蜂蜜日勺鸟类，最佳标题应该是D选项。因此，正确答案为D选项。例 2 （ 2012 全国 II） Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the war

8、m shelter （住所）as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much

9、as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you Ye cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen w

10、ater.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't

11、 realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical adv

12、ice.C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.点拨B 主旨大意题。有第一段最后一句话 There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.及二、三段可知选 B。小试牛刀I.段落练习Exercise 1Some people like to go to beach or a lake for recreation. They enjoy the swimming or boatingthat is available there. O

13、ther people, especially in the hot summer, prefer clean air and cool mountain breezes. Some people like excitement and entertainment. They got to shows and nightclubs. Still other people find that staying home with the family and enjoying the togetherness of spending time with loved ones is the most

14、 pleasurable experience of all.Question :Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. People enjoy different kinds of recreation.B. Some people like staying at home with their families.C. Some people love swimming and boating.D. Some people are richer than others.Exercise 2I

15、n spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are hooding 由二 AmericEvi market 丁 jri General Motors, and Chrvw；er are emp： Giving more workers己ver befbr?. The food of cheaperforeign cars has not cost American autoworkers thsir jobs as wm廿 experts .edictsi rord operates as far as Asia, and Gene

16、ral Motors is considered Australia's biggest employer Ye： General Motors has its huge American 'ork force and employs hundr产七 of people day to meet needs of an insatiable societyWhat 仁 the main idea of the passage">A. The foreign cars have net taken away th? jobs of Am?ricaiiB Genera

17、l Motors is。口之 of largest car producers.C. Ford operates not only in the USAr but also in Asi a.D. The food of cheaper foreign cari is for American auto'. urkers.Exercise 3When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. In low visibility situation

18、s, however, the eye and other orientation senses, such as our sense oftalaiice.not onlv uselesi. themav be total：v misleadinz. The onlv safe wav to flv an ajrplanein lo' visibility conditions is to use instruments, which indicate the attitude of the aiiplane.Quesnon: The main idea of the passage

19、 paragraph is l.A. In bad v eather. th之 senses can be misleadingB. Flying an airplane can be very difficultC. V/hen visibiliK is lov.-:ht only safe way to fly an airplane is ty using fight mstnm 十二泣D. *hun the weather is clear, pilots use their 门号 to keep th之 ar plane Lying 丁：agK and leel.Exercise 4

20、Americans might be trnbarrassed ttcaust tlifir Japanese friends 彳b so formal with thtm. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet aem casual? . Still: the Siims of greeting in both countries onlv show respect for others. It jg happens that Americans and Japanese tiare a diffe

21、rent way of looking at human raHoii由ips and ；iius have .二 difftrent dy of showing respect.Question: This passage mainly tells us.A. how Americans show respect to othersB. how Japanese show respect to their American acquaintancesC. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respectD. Japan

22、ese are not satisfied with American casual behaviorExercise 5A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students- 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Math

23、ematics Contest on Tuesday evening.The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.“Manyof the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable! said a teacher from Guangdong province.Named after China ' s most f

24、amous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest rted in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission（国家教委）as the country ' s biggest and best contest of its kind.Question: This news story is mainly about.A. when the contest started

25、B. how the contest got its nameC. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contestD. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics ContestII.篇章练习ExerciseIn 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered

26、 that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “ moonpeople “they met. In turn, the “ moonpeople ” expressed their surprise. "Why,fhey asked, “are you traveling) outer space when you don' t even use your inner space? "H.G. Wells could only imagine t

27、ravel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “ moon people " asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Underground

28、systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel ” , a tunconnecting England and France, is now complete.But what about underground cities? Japan'Taisei Corporation is

29、 designing a network of underground system, called“ Alice Cities. " The designers imagine using surface space for publicparks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome( 太阳能 穹顶)would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that build

30、ing down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth ' s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells '" moon people " would agree. Would you?What would be the best title for the text?A. Alice Citiescities of the future

31、B. Space travel with H.G. WellsC. Enjoy living undergroundD. Building down, not up帮你归纳-)这种题型常见的提问形式有；(l)The subject ofthe passage paragraph is.(2) The mam idea of the passage paragraph is.(3)The text is mainly about.(4)The passage mainly centers on.(?)The passageaboutis the subject discussed in tlif

32、(7；What 15 lie mam idea of this SWhai is jiw passage maiiLy abour"dots the second paragraph mainly discuss- lU.'V/hat is th 亡 majii point the writer is :rviag to make in the last para5rapir aUWhichofthufcCowmg is the test rite for the passage(12Which title best gi ss the idea of the passage

33、/(13)Whai would be the best title for the text?i： 141 What 工唱ht be 也注 mos: suitable tit'e for(15)The bfsi headlines for ±is ntwspapfr anicle would be(二:阅读主旨大意题思路及技巧工1.寻找主题句，确定文章主题在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文日勺主题句来归纳出文章的主题.主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况；开头、中间、结尾（含 在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句因此仔细阅读这类文章或段

34、落的首尾句是关穗. 做主题概括类试题多采用浏览法Gkmmmg）,浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章 的首段：尾段或每思的首句和尾句重点搜索主题线索和主题信息.正确的解答这类题目的关 键是港确地找出文章的主题句.工抓住文章用落大意，概括中心思想寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的.各科其中心句的整 体!E纳便是文章的中心思想.在这个过程中，我们不能只依据只言片语 一枝一节，或光看 文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重睾写的“重心、考虑文章 的组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的;分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达中 心的？最后用简明扼要的文

35、字将文章的中心思想表达出来.3.抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中.阅读这样的文章，就需要自己 根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨.分析的方法是，先弄 清该段落主要讲了那几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纲形成主题. 4.文章标题的选择或拟定标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它日勺特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定日勺范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。 精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意日勺程度及色彩。在选择标题时，要注意三点：第一：要在 阅读原文

36、日勺基础上， 仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切日勺联系；第二：再看它对文章日勺概括性或覆盖面如何；第三：要注意题目是过大还是过小。答案速递I.1. A。短文中没有主题句，通过仔细阅读全文，从例证关系来分析，本文日勺主题思想应归纳为：People enjoy different kinds of recreation. 因此，A 为正确答案。2. A。上面这段话日勺主题句位于本段日勺中间：The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not costAmerican autoworkers their jobs as some experts expecte

37、d. 据止匕，止匕题日勺正确答案应为 A.。3. C四项选择中A项和D项内容太具体，不能概括段落日勺主旨思想。B项内容又太笼统，超出了作者日勺原意。只有 C项才准确地概括出段落日勺主旨思想。4. D。这一篇短文前几句只讲述了具体情况，均不具备主题句日勺特征，只有最后一句话是概括性日勺、总结性日勺，因此本段日勺最后一句是主题句，故正确答案是Do5. D这是一篇报道，文章日勺第一段只有两句话：“2阶学生（2女18男）有充分日勺理由为自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛日勺金奖，是4百万参赛学生中日勺佼佼者；下文接着对竞赛日勺有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道日勺主题句。

38、A、BC分别只包含了报道日勺部分信息，显然不合题意；D选项与主题句日勺意思完全一致，因此是正确答案。II. Do 文章以月球人勺问题 Why are you traveling to outer space when you don' even u se your inner space?引起话题，接着讲叙了人类目前对地下空间日勺利用现状，结尾以地下 空间开发日勺支持者勺话点题building down rather than building up is a good way to usethe earth 'space。A选项只是本文话题日勺部分意思，不是主要话题；B选项与

39、文章日勺意思无关；文章主要是讲地下空间日勺开发利用，而不是讲如何享受地下生活，因此C选项与文章 日勺主题也无关；D选项符合文章日勺主要内容，与主题句日勺意思一致，因此，是该题日勺正确答 案。单词百宝箱brew n.调制，酿造He brewed cups of thick Turkish coffee.他调制了几杯很浓日勺土耳其咖啡。ingredients n.（混合物日勺）组成部分;配料；构成要素，因素Flour and fat are the most important ingredients. 面粉和油月旨是最重要日勺配料。breeze n.微风，轻风It was steaming ho

40、t; there was no breeze at all.天气闷热，一点风也没有。insatiable adj.不知足日勺,贪求无厌日勺The young man has an insatiable hunger for knowledge.这个年轻人有着副永不满足日勺求知欲。orientation n. 方向，目标The winding trail caused the hikers to lose their orientation.蜿蜒日勺小径使徒步旅行者迷失了 方向。insult v. vt.侮辱，辱骂You will insult her if you don't go t

41、o her party.你要是不去参加她举办日勺聚会，就对她太无礼了。acquaintance n.熟人We talked as if we were old acquaintances.我们就好像是老相识般谈话。rung n.地位，横档Hard work and long hours are rungs in the ladder of success.刻苦努力和孜孜不倦是成功日勺阶梯。wilderness n. n.荒野，茫茫一片，大量，荒地The surrounding country is a wilderness of sand.周围是茫茫一片砂石地。时文阅读_Early peopl

42、e had very little effect on the e'iroiiment. Th:，lived 近 caves in small “EaiT groups. Tlity collected or kiled only enough for the clan-s sunival.werenomadjc,*也幽 mean that they didn't 何冲 m one pace. Instead； they mced around, foLoina the animals that wetf thir main food source and seeking ar

43、eas whf七 season plants gi wild. Moving around seasonally helped to protect the ein konm?nL The land had time to reco ;r and animXshad time to breed before the clan rammed for the next s?a：tTAs nme by. tliese small famiy clans joined v：ith others t? f.?二一 .arger grour: for protection. Joining with ot

44、her clans g箝七 them more hunters and more omen to help cut up the meat and shar? it bex esn families. E entuilv pjoplf1-Ld animals such 器 do andhorses. People settled around rivers and fertile plains to share responiibijties and duties. TheriT people began to plant crops instead of moving to areas wh

45、ere the plants 7h； de*套二口merit changed the environment.Traditional forms of work also changed. Some people were better at performing a particular taskthan other clan members, so then began to specialize in things they were good at doing. This also meant that they began to exchange their goods for th

46、ings that others produced.People began to communicate with distant tribes. Land was cleared for roads. Foreign plants and animals were transported to places where they had not existed before. Specialization also give people more free time. So art ,dance and music became important ways of expressing feelings and thoughts. This was how many great civilizations