TED英语演讲稿：6个月学会一门外语

1、TED英语演讲稿：6个月学会一门外语简介、为什么有的人学了XX年的英语还是开不了口？而另一些人却能迅速掌握一门外语 ？上世纪80年代，语言 学家chrislonsdale来到中国，仅用 6个月的时间他就能说由流利的普通话。他是怎么做到的？一起来听听他的学习方法吧！haveyoueverheldaquestioninmindforsolongthatitbecomesp artofhowyouthink?maybeevenpartofwhoyouareasaperson?we lli ' vehadaquestioninmymindformany,manyyearsandthatis:h

2、owc anyouspeeduplearning?now,thisisaninterestingquestionb ecauseifyouspeeduplearningyoucanspendlesstimeatschool .andifyoulearnreallyfast,youprobablywouldn'thavetogotoschoolatall.now,wheniwasyoung,schoolwassortofokaybutifoundquiteof tenthatschoolgotinthewayoflearningsoihadthisquestioni nmind:howd

3、oyoulearnfaster?andthisbeganwheniwasvery,ve ryyoung,wheniwasaboutelevenyearsoldiwrotealettertores earchersinthesovietunion,askingabouthypnopaedia,thisi ssleeplearning,whereyougetataperecorder,youputitbesid eyourbedanditturnsoninthemiddleofthenightwhenyou ' resleeping,andyou ' resupposedtobel

4、earningfromthis.agoodidea,unfortunatelyitdoesn 'twork.but,hypnopaediadidopenthedoorstoresearchinother areasandwe'vehadincrediblediscoveriesaboutlearningthatbeganwitht hatfirstquestion.iwentonfromtheretobecomepassionateab outpsychologyandihavebeeninvolvedinpsychologyinmanywaysfortherestofmyli

5、feupuntilthispoint.in1981itookmysel ftochinaandidecidedthatiwasgoingtobenativelevelinchin eseinsidetwoyears.now,youneedtounderstandthatin1981,everybodythoughtchi nesewasreally,reallydifficultandthatawesternercouldst udyfortenyearsormoreandneverrea11ygetverygoodatit.and ia1sowentinwithadifferentideaw

6、hichwas:takinga11ofthec onclusionsfrompsychologicalresearchuptothatpointandap plyingthemtothelearningprocess.whatwasreallycoolwasth atinsixmonthsiwasfluentinmandarinchineseandtookalittl ebitlongertogetuptonative.butilookedaroundandisawallo fthesepeoplefromdifferentcountriesstrugglingterriblyw ithchi

7、nese,isawchinesepeoplestrugglingterriblytolearn englishandotherlanguages,andsomyquestiongotrefineddow nto:howcanyouhelpanormaladultlearnanewlanguagequickly ,easilyandeffectively?nowthisareally,reallyimportantquestionintoday sworld.wehavemassivechallengeswithenvironmentwehavema ssivechallengeswithsoc

8、ialdislocation,withwars,allsort softhingsgoingonandifwecan ' tcommunicatewe ' rereallygoingtohavedifficultysolvingtheseproblems.sow eneedtobeabletospeakeachother ' slanguages,thisisreally,reallyimportant.thequestionthenishowdoyoudothat.well,it'sactuallyreallyeasy.youlookaroundforpeop

9、lewhocanalrea dydoit,youlookforsituationswhereit ' salreadyworkingandthenyouidentifytheprinciplesandappl ythem.it ' scalledmodellingandi ' vebeenlookingatlanguagelearningandmodellinglanguagele arningforaboutfifteentotwentyyearsnow.andmyconclusion,myobservationfromthisisthatanyadultca nle

10、arnasecondlanguagetofluencyinsidesixmonths.nowwhen isaythis,mostpeoplethinki ' mcrazy,thisisnotpossible.soletmeremindeverybodyoftheh istoryofhumanprogress,it ' sallaboutexpandingourlimits.in1950everybodybelievedthatrunningonemileinfourminute swasimpossibleandthenrogerbannisterdiditin1956andf

11、rom thereit 'sgotshorterandshorter.100yearsagoeverybodybelievedtha theavystuffdoesn ' tfly.exceptitdoesandweallknowthis.howdoesheavystufffl y?wereorganisethematerialsusingprinciplesthatwehavele arnedfromobservingnature,birdsinthiscase.andtodaywe vegoneeverfurther,soyoucanflyacar.youcanbuyone

12、ofthese foracouplehundredthousandusdollars.wenowhavecarsinthe worldthatcanfly.andthere ' sadifferentwaytoflythatwe velearnedfromsquirrels.soallyouneedtodoiscopywhatafly ingsquirreldoes,buildasuitcalledawingsuitandoffyougo, youcanflylikeasquirrel. no,mostpeople,alotofpeople,iwouldn'tsayeveryb

13、odybutalotofpeoplethinktheycan ' tdraw.howevertherearesomekeyprinciples,fiveprinciples thatyoucanapplytolearningtodrawandyoucan2actuallylear ntodrawinfivedays.so,ifyoudrawlikethis,youlearnthesep rinciplesforfivedaysandapplythemandafterfivedaysyouca ndrawsomethinglikethis.nowiknowthisistruebecaus

14、ethatw asmyfirstdrawingandafterfivedaysofapplyingtheseprinci plesthatwaswhatiwasabletodo.andilookedatthisandiwent'wow,' sothat ' showilooklikewheni 'mconcentratingsointenselythatmybrainisexploding.so,an ybodycanlearntodrawinfivedaysandinthesameway,withthes amelogic,anybodycanlearnase

15、condlanguageinsixmonths.how:therearefiveprinciplesandsevenactions.theremaybea fewmorebuttheseareabsolutelycore.andbeforeigetintotho seijustwanttotalkabouttwomyths,dispeltwomyths.thefirs tisthatyouneedtalent.letmetellyouaboutzoe.zoecamefrom australia,wenttoholland,wastryingtolearndutch,struggl ingagr

16、eatdealandfinallypeopleweresaying:' you'recompletelyuseless, ' 'you' renottalented, ''giveup, ' 'you' reawasteoftime 'andshewasvery,verydepressed.andthenshecameacrossthese fiveprinciples,shemovedtobrazilandsheappliedthemandwi thinsixmonthsshewasfluentinpor

17、tuguese,sotalentdoesn tmatter.peoplealsothinkthatimmersioninanewcountryisthewaytole arnalanguage.butlookaroundhongkong,lookatallthewester nerswho' vebeenherefortenyears,whodon ' tspeakawordofchinese.lookatallthechineselivinginameri ca,britain,australia,canadahavebeenthereten,twentyyea randth

18、eydon ' tspeakanyenglish.immersionpersedoesn tnotwork,why?becauseadrowningmancannotlearntoswim.whe nyoudon' tspeakalanguageyou ' relikeababyandifyoudropyourselfintoacontextwhichisall adultstalkingaboutstuffoveryourhead,youwon ' tlearn.so,whatarethefiveprinciplesthatyouneedtopayattent

19、iont o;first:thefourwords,attention,meaning,relevanceandme mory,andtheseinterconnectinveryimportantways.especiallywhenyou ' ewithmeonajourneythroughafo rest.yougoonawalkthroughaforestandyouseesomethinglike this.littlemarksonatree,maybeyoupayattention,maybeyou don' t.yougoanotherfiftymetresan

20、dyouseethis.youshouldbepay ingattention.anotherfiftymetres,ifyouhaven'tbeenpayingattention,youseethis. andatthispoint,you ' repayingattention.andyou vejustlearnedthatthisisimportant,it'srelevantbecauseitmeansthis,andanythingthatisrelated, anyinformationrelatedtoyoursurvivalisstuffthatyou

21、 regoingtopayattentiontoandthereforeyou ' regoingtorememberit.ifit ' srelatedtoyourpersonalgoalsthenyou ' regoingtopayattentiontoit,ifit' srelevantyou 'regoingtorememberit.so,thefirstrule,thefirstprinciple forlearningalanguageisfocusonlanguagecontentthatisrel evanttoyou.whichbrin

22、gsustotools.wemastertoolbyusingto olsandwelearntoolsthefastestwhentheyarerelevanttous.soletmeshareastory.akeyboardisatool.typingchineseacer tainway,therearemethodsforthis.that ' satool.ihadacolleaguemanyyearsagowhowenttonightschool ;tuesdaynight,thursdaynight,twohourseachnight,practic ingathome,

23、shespentninemonths,andshedidnotlearntotypec hinese.andonenightwehadacrisis.wehadfortyeighthoursto deliveratrainingmanualinchinese.andshegotthejob,andic anguaranteeyouinfortyeighthours,shelearnedtotypechine sebecauseitwasrelevant,itwasimportant,itwasmeaningful ,shewasusingatooltocreatevalue.sotheseco

24、ndtoolforlear ningalanguageistouseyourlanguageasatooltocommunicater ightfromdayone.asakiddoes.whenifirstarrivedinchinaididn'tspeakawordofchinese,andonmysecondweekigottotakeatrai nrideovernight.ispenteighthourssittinginthediningcare talkingtooneoftheguardsonthetrain,hetookaninterestinm eforsomere

25、ason,andwejustchattedallnightinchineseandhe wasdrawingpicturesandmakingmovementswithhishandsandfa cialexpressionsandpiecebypiecebypieceiunderstoodmorea ndmore.butwhatwasreallycool,wastwoweekslater,whenpeop leweretalkingchinesearoundme,iwasunderstandingsomeoft hisandihadn ' tevenmadeanyefforttole

26、arnthat.whathadhappened,i 'dabsorbeditthatnightonthetrain,whichbringsustothethir dprinciple.whenyoufirstunderstandthemessage,thenyouwi llacquirethelanguage3unconsciously.andthisisreally,re allywelldocumentednow,it ' ssomethingcalledcomprehensibleinputandthere ' stwentyorthirtyyearsofrese

27、archonthis,stephenkrashen,a leaderinthefieldhaspublishedallsortsofthesedifferents tudiesandthisisjustfromoneofthem.thepurplebarsshowthe scoresondifferenttestsforlanguage.thepurplepeoplewere peoplewhohadlearnedbygrammarandformalstudy,thegreenon esaretheoneswholearnedbycomprehensibleinput.so,compre pr

28、ehensioniskeyandlanguagelearningisn otaboutaccumulatinglotsofknowledge.inmany,manywaysit 'saboutphysiologicaltraining.awomaniknowfromtaiwandidgreatatenglishatschool,shegot agradesallthewaythrough,wentthroughcollege,agrades,we nttotheusandfoundshecouldn 'tunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying.andpeo

29、plestartedaskin gher: 'areyoudeaf? andshewas.englishdeaf.becausewehavefiltersinourbraint hatfilternthesoundsthatwearefamiliarwithandtheyfilter outthesoundsoflanguageswe ' renot.andifyoucan ' thearit,youwon ' tunderstanditandifyoucan ' tunderstandit,you ' renotgoingtolearnit.s

30、oyouactuallyhavetobeabletohearth esesounds.andtherearewaystodothatbutit ' sphysiologicaltraining.speakingtakesmuscle.you'vegotforty- threemusclesinyourface,youhavetocoordinatethoseinaway thatyoumakesoundsthatotherpeoplewillunderstand.ifyou 'veeverdoneanewsportforacoupleofdays,andyouknowh

31、owyour bodyfeels?andithurts?ifyourfaceishurtingyou'redoingitright.andthefinalprincipleisstate.psycho- physiologicalstate.ifyou ' resad,angry,worried,upset,you ' renotgoingtolearn.period.ifyou ' rehappy,relaxed,inanalphabrainstate,curious,you'regoingtolearnreallyquickly,andveryspe

32、cificallyyounee dtobetolerantofambiguity.ifyou ' reoneofthosepeoplewhoneedstounderstand100%everywordyo u' rehearing,youwillgonuts,becauseyou ' llbeincrediblyupseta11thetime,becauseyou'renotperfect.ifyou ' recomfortablewithgettingsome,notgettingsome,justpayin gattentiontowhatyoudo

33、understand,you ' regoingtobefine,you ' llberelaxedandyou ' llbelearningquickly.sobasedonthosefiveprinciples,whatarethesevenactionsth atyouneedtotake?numberone:listenalot.icallitbrainsoak ing.youputyourselfinacontextwhereyou ' rehearingtonsandtonsofalanguageanditdoesn ' tmatterify

34、ouunderstanditornot.you'relisteningtopatterns,you ' relisteningtothingsthatrepeat,you'relisteningtothingsthatstandout.so,justsoakyourbraini nthis.thesecondaction:isthatyougetthemeaningfirst,eve nbeforeyougetthewords.yougowellhowdoidothat,idon ' tknowthewords,well,youunderstandwhatthe

35、sedifferentpos turesmean.humancommunicationisbodylanguageinmany,many ways,somuchbodylanguage.frombodylanguageyoucanunderstandalotofcommunication,t herefore,you ' reunderstanding,you'reacquiringthroughcomprehensibleinput.andyoucanalsous epatternsthatyoualreadyknow.ifyou'reachinesespeakero

36、fmandarinandcantoneseandyougovietna m,youwillunderstand60%ofwhattheysaytoyouindailyconver sation,becausevietnameseisabout30%mandarin,30%cantone se.thethirdaction:startmixing.youprobablyhavenevertho ughtofthisbutifyou ' vegottenverbs,tennounsandtenadjectivesyoucansayonetho usanddifferentthings.la

37、nguageisacreativeprocess.whatdobabiesdo?okay:me.bat (h).now.okay,that ' showtheycommunicate.sostartmixing,getcreative,havefun withit,itdoesn 'thavetobeperfectitjusthastowork.andwhenyou redoingthisyoufocusonthecore.whatdoesthatmean?wellany languageishighfrequencycontent.inenglish1000wordscove

38、 rs85%ofanythingyou ' reevergoingtosayindailycommunication.3000wordsgivesyo u98%ofanythingyou ' regoingtosayindailyconversation.yougot3000words,you respeakingthelanguage.therestisicingonthecake.andwhen ,yourejustbeggingwithanewlanguagestartwiththetoolbox.week numberoneinyournewlanguage4yousa

39、ythingslike:'howdoyousaythat? ' ' idon ' tunderstand, ''repeatthatplease, ' ' whatdoesthatmean,'allinyourtargetlanguage.you 'reusingitasatool,makingitusefultoyou,it'srelevanttolearnotherthingsaboutthelanguage.it'sbyweektwothatyoushouldbesayingthingslik

40、e:' me,''this, ' 'you,' 'that, ' 'give, ' youknow, 'hot,' simplepronouns,simplenouns,simpleverbs,simpleadjectiv es,communicatinglikeababy.andbythethirdorfourthweek,y ou' regettingintowhaticallgluewords." although,''but, ' ' the

41、refore, 'thesearelogicaltransformersthattiebitsofalanguagetoge ther,allowingyoutomakemorecomplexmeaning.atthatpointy ou' retalking.andwhenyou 'redoingthat,youshouldgetyourselfalanguageparent.ifyou lookathowchildrenandparentinteract,you ' llunderstandwhatthismeans.whenachildisspeaking

42、,it'llbeusingsimplewords,simplecombinations,sometimesquit estrange,sometimesverystrangepronunciationandotherpeoplefromoutsidethefamilydon tunderstandit.buttheparentsdo.andsothekidhasasafeenvi ronment,getsconfidence.theparentstalktothechildrenwit hbodylanguageandwithsimplelanguagewhichtheyknowthe

43、chi Idunderstands.sowehaveacomprehensibleinputenvironment that " ssafe,weknowitworksotherwisenoneofyouwouldspeakyourmo thertongue.soyougetyourselfalanguageparent,who ' ssomebodyinterestedinyouasapersonwhowillcommunicatewi thyouessentiallyasanequal,butpayattentiontohelpyouund erstandthemessa

44、ge.therearefourrulesofalanguageparent. spousesbythewayarenotverygoodatthis,okay?butthefourru lesare,firstofall,theywillworkhardtounderstandwhatyou meanevenwhenyou rewayoffbeat.secondly,theywillnevercorrectyourmistakes.thirdlythey willfeedbacktheirunderstandingofwhatyouaresayingsoyou canrespondappropriatelyandgetthatfeedbackandthentheyw 川usewordsthatyouknow.thesixththingyouhavetodo,iscop ytheface.you