名词性从句思维导图复习过程

1、精品文档名词性从句思维导图精品文档-注意问题国从句都要用陈述语序（不倒装）鹏判断从句的种类剧除从句后主踊什么-判断引导翊从句蚓导同是否缺什幺用盖常是乱il段只用于此的宾语财 -0R13.超购的主曲宾陶定鹘 f施，充部怖邸L合同位语从句与定语从句的区别-0 what/ which/who/wh om/wh ose-Owlienf where/why/how Qwihat/ whatever/w hoever表一：主语从句表主 语 从 句(1)由连词that引导的主语从句。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想狄得奖牌看起来是不口能的。That

2、she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹(2)用连接代词 或连接副词 或 whether引导的主 语从句。Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。When they will come hasn t been made pubic.他们什么时候来还/、知道。Whether she is coming or not doesn t matter too much. 她来不来者B无关紧要。(3)用关系代词引导的主语从句。

3、What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的训练。Whoeve门s top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。Whatever we do is to serve the people.我们无论做什么者B是 为人民服务 。固 士 7E 用 法 和 译 法(1) It is + 名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is good news that是好消息It is a question that1Hs 问题 It is common knowledge t

4、hat是常识类似的名词还启：a pity; a wonder； a good thing; no wonder；surprise 等。It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鲸鱼不是鱼,这是常识。It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 鲍勃会赢得这场比赛,这不足为奇。(2) It is + 形容词+从句It is necessary that 有必要It

5、is clear that 很清楚It is likely that很可能It is important that 重要的是类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in ind

6、ustry. 很明显导体和 绝媒体 在工业中都很重要。It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她是否能来令人怀疑。It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.很明显我们不能这样下去了。表主 语 从 句固 士 7E 用 法 和 译 法(3) It is + 过去分词+从句It is said that 据说It is reported that 据

7、报道It has been proved that 已证明It must be proved that必须指出类似的过 去分词还 有： known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.It is thought that he is the best player. 大豕都认为他是最好的选 手。It is used to be thought that a new st

8、ar must be due to a collision between two stars.过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰 撞产生的。It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车(4) It + /、及物 动词+从句It seems that 好像是It happened that 碰巧It follows that由此可见It has turned out that 结果是类似的/、及物动词 还有:seem, appear, occur, follow, h

9、appen, turn out, etc.It turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果是无人记得那个地址。It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.看起来他们急需帮助。It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.没有赶上这趟火车没有美系，稍晚还什-趟。（当 及物动词+宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。）例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell

10、 anybody where he was.让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。It does not interest me whether you go or not.我对你去不去不感兴趣。It +某些固定结构+主语从句。例如：It doesn t make too much difference （It doesn t make any difference / It doesn t alter the, swhether it rains or not .卜不卜陶都没有多大关系。It does not make any difference whether it rains or

11、not .卜/、卜两没什么分另1J。It does not make the least difference to me what you do.对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。Is it of much consequence to you that Mr. Wang has failed to do it ?生没这件事对#W什么重要影响吗？3.连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which ,连接副词 when, where, why, how, 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。ituation表二：宾语从句表宾 语 从 句一、宾语从 句的连接词1.连词th

12、at,只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在 口语中常被省略。eg. He knew (that)he should work hard.2.连词if、whether,它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作 是否“解，在口语中多用if。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下 3种情况只能用 whether:a.在/、定式前:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.b.在介词前：It depends on （依靠）whethe门t is going to rain.c.与 or not 连用： They are tal

13、king about whether to go there or not.eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming.3.连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which ,连接副词 when, where, why, how , 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。二、宾语从 句的语序陈述语序，即 连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句 的倒装结构。Can you

14、 tell me who do we have to see? (X)Can you tell me who we have to see? ( MThe teacher asked the students what they were doing. ( 0陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”fShe said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，也要注意人称和时态的变化 ，后面接陈述语序。Eg

15、. ” Where are the tickets?” I asked him.fI asked him where the tickets are.三、时态呼 应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (X)I thought(that) you would be free today. ( -V)【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。

16、eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.表宾 语 从 句1.宾语从句一般用陈述语气，但是，当主句的谓语动词为 advise, insist（坚决主张 ）,suggest（建议），require, request, order, ask（要求）等表示请求、命令、要求、主张意义的动词时，从 句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用should劫词原形（should往可以省略）。she insisted that he (should) go there with her.她坚决要求他跟她去那儿。The doctor suggest

17、ed that she (should) take more exercise every day.医生建议四、注意宾 语从句的语她每天多进行锻炼。气2.但当insist表小坚持说，suggest表小够小、表明”，ask表示 问”时，宾语从句用陈述语气He insisted that he didn t steal her watch!坚持说他没有偷她的手表。His smile suggested that he did well in the interview. 他的微笑表明他面试得很好。3.动词wish后的宾语从句也要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用 过去式（针对现在情况而言卜过去完成时（针对过

18、去情况而 言）或用“would/ should / could / might +动词原形”针对将来 情况而后）。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是l只鸟。I wish we lived on the moon now.望我们现在月凫上。五、注意宾语从句的否定问题当否定宾语从句时，一般直接对从句的谓语动词 进行否定。I know that he won t tell a lie to us我知道他不会对我们说谎。He said he hadn t been to america beforfe说他以前没后去过美国。但是，当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, sup

19、pose, imagine等，右时态为一M现在时，谓语动词前又没有副词修饰时， 宾语从句的否定应该转移到主句的谓语动词上。如：I don t think thate will cometo help us today.我想他今大/、会来帮我们的忙了。表三：表语从句定义在一个复合句中其表语部分是一个句子，这个当表语的句子就是表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词之后。连系动词1.be动词2.感官动词look看起来像是smell闻起来sound听起来taste衰起来feel摸起来，给感觉seem,似乎，好像appear,显得，看起来好像keep,保持的状态remain,仍是stay保持（某种状态）prov

20、e证明是“get变成，变得 起来”fall进入（某种状态）3.表变化的词grow渐渐变得起来，长得turn转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）go变成（某种坏的状态）become变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）come变成为（已知的状态）等表(1) that 和1. The fact is that he doesnt really try11 实是他没后做真正的努力。二：whether 弓 IThat仅起连接作2. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。表导的表语用，无意义，语从句whethe

21、r意为是【注意】1.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不用because从否”，在从句中也e.g. The reason why . he was 1ate was that he missed the train(线部分是定语从句 )句不充当任何成 分。3 . whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的 if却通常不用于引导表语从句。4 .主句的主语常常是些抽象名词.如question（问题），trouble（麻烦），problem（问题），result（结果），chance（可能性），suggestion（建议），idea（想法），reason啰由）等.（2）连接代词wha

22、t,1. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的事情。（what在复合句中连接主句跟从句，意思是事情，在从句中作宾语）which,2. That is what is called UFO.那个就是被叫做 UFO的东四。（what后为小西，仕从句中作主语）who,3. The dress is which I buy for my mom.这件礼服是我头给我妈妈。（which思思是那件，在句子中作兵语。whom,4. The question is who （m） we should trus

23、t.问题是我们应当相/谁。（who思思是谁，那个人，在句子中作兵语）whose 等5. The girl is whose leggs got hurt during the earthiquake.那个女孩就是脚在地震中受伤的人。（whose意为什么人的，在从句中作定语）表表 语 从 句（3）连接 副词连接副词有 when,where,how, why 等1. That was when I was fifteen.这是我 15 岁时发生的事。2. That where I first met her.那就是我第L次遇见她的地方。3. The problem is how we can fi

24、nd him.问题是我们如何找到他。4. That why he didn t come就是他没后来的缘故。（4）其他 连接词以 及短语1)由 as if / as though引导as if / as though表示好像的思思，Now it was as though she had known Millie for years.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。2）由 because, why引导的表语 从句Thats because he didnt understand me.那是因为他没有理解我。（Thats because.强调原因）Thats why he got angry

25、 with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。（Thats why.强调结果）what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表上原因时要用that引导，不宜用becauseThe reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.我难过的原因是他没有理解我。注思1 .表语从句一定要用陈述语序。(X) The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.(-V)The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2 .不可以用if,

26、而用whether连接表语从句(as if例外)。(X) The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.( Vj The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.( Vj It looked as if he had understood this question.3 .不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，上句时态和从句时态可以不一致。( Vj The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.(

27、Vj The question js why he cried yesterday.4 . that在表语从句中不口以省掉。5 .使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表7K建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用should+动词原形表不，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion,order, proposal, plan, idea 等。e.g.: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天 早就出发。表四：同位语从句定义同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内

28、容。代词和连接副词引导。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether以及连接常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem,promise, doubt, thought, message, words 消官 information, wish, answer, evidence,report, explanationsuggestion, conclusion,l have no idea when he will be back .我不知道他什么时候回来。He must answer the question whether he agree

29、s to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样个问题。We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。Have you any idea what time it starts?你知道什么时候开始吗 ?possibility等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。表 四 同 位 语 从 句具体内容。【注意1在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句 要用虚拟语气should+动词原形从属无词

30、义，在从句中不担连任句子成分，有时可省引词that略。导词【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他们面对废除这个税的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规贝U的建议是主席提出的。主语从句It is important

31、 that we should learn English well.宾语从句He told us (that) he felt ill.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.表语从句The fact is that we have lost the game.同位语从句The news that we won the game is exciting.表 四 同 位 语 从 句引 导 词从 属 连 词whether/ifas ifif/whether, as if 虽有词 义，但在从句中不作句子成分。主语从句W

32、hether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.宾语从句Attitude determines whether/if people are successful and able to enjoy life. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.表语从句It looks as if it is going to rain.同位语从句He was tortured（折磨）by the doubt whether he would accept their presents

33、.连接代词what whichwho whom whose有词义，在从句中作成 分，如主语、表语、宾 语、定语等。主语从句Who will win the match is still unknown.宾语从句She wondered what he had done.表语从句That s juwthat I want.同位语从句The question who should do the work requires consideration.表五：考点梳理表五考占 八、梳理【考点一】 考查名词 性从句的 引导词J分二划三看”三 步法分”即分清从句类型：即分清从句是哪一种名词性从句（主语从句

34、、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）匕划”即划分出从句三看”即看从句句意是否完整：1 .句意不完整一缺连接代词：指人时，用 who, whoever （作主语）；whom, whomever （作宾语）；指物时，用 what, whatever （作主语、宾语）；which, whichever （作主语、宾语）。2 .句思兀整一缺连接副词：指时间时，用 when;指地点时，用 where, wherever; 指原因时，用 why;指方式 时，用how。3 .句思元整一缺不作成分的连词：有含义的用if, whether （是否）；无含义的用that。【考点二】考查名词性从句的在名词性从句中，除

35、了关联词在从句句首外，其他部分应用陈述语序。而考生们往往使用疑问语序，特别是在以wh引导的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语。在试题的设置上会通过宾语从句、表语从句的语序来考查，尤箕是一些与特殊疑问句有关的宾语 从句或表语从句。表 五考占 八、 梳 理语序问题 These shoes look very good. I wonder.A. how much cost they areB. how much do they cost C. how much they costD. how much are they cost解析：选Co根据题干中的及物动词wonder可知,how

36、 much引导宾语从句，而名词性从句要用陈述语序，故排除疑问语序的B、D两项;A项可 以改为 how much they cost 或 how much they are worth 。 故选 C 项。【考点三】考查宾语 从句中的否定转移否te转移主要针对兵语从句。在兵语从句中，当谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表tk 认为、相/、猜测 思义的词，并且主语是A人称，时态是一般现在时，形式上是否定主句谓语动词的否定词，实际上否定的是宾语从句。在反意疑问句中，其中的附加问句要与从句保持一致，而且要把否te词转移到从句

37、中去。I don t believe he treated the child like that, did he? I m sure you d rather she went to school by bus,?A. hadn t you B. wouldn t you C. aren t I D. didn t she解析：选Bo题干中的be sure同believe,而且句子的主语是A人称，时态是一般现在时，所以附加问句（反意疑问句）与从句保持一致。【考点四】 考查形式 主语、形式 宾语当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，为了避免头重脚轻”，常常将从句后置，而用 it作形式主语，置于句首。动

38、词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式兵语。不能用 this或that来代替it。It is a pity that he can t attend the party.We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.（that 不可 以省略 ）is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It解析：选D。分析题十可知，it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。【考点五】 考查名词 性

39、从句中 虚拟语气 的运用（1）主语从句、兵语从句、向位语从句和表语从句都会涉及到虚拟语气，一些表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如insist （坚持）/suggest （建议）/order （命令）/request （要求、请求）/require （要求）/recommend（建议）/urge（催促，力劝）等后的兵语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气， 即“should+do（动词原形）”，其中的should可以省略。对应的名词作主语跟表语从句，或对应的名词跟同位语从句，也要用虚拟语气。但是如果有其他意义则例外，如 suggest表示 暗示”时，所跟的宾语从句就用陈述语气。The teacher sug

40、gested that we （should） have a rest.It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasn t been accepted.My suggestion is that we （should） read English newspapers to improve our English.（2）主语从句中的某些句型，如 It s necessary/essenti

41、al/strange/apity/a shame/no wondert s （high） time that等句型中也常用虚拟语气，构成形 式也是should动词原形”。It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.It is high time that the children should go to school.（should 小 口以省略）表六：难点表六难占八、【难点一】that的省略 问题【难点二】whether 与 if用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确I believe you have done y

42、our best and things will get better .解析：that在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位从句时，一般不省略。在引导宾语从句时，that可以省略。当由两个that引导的从句作同一个动词的宾语时，第二个 that不可省。故第一个空可填that,也可不填；第二空填that。下列情况that不可省略： 当 that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省他各。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 当宾语从句被 it 替代日that 不可省略。She has made it clear that s

43、he will have nothing to do with the decision.当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧靠that时，或that从句中含有主从复合句时，that不可省略。I m sure that if you ve lost it, you must pay for it. 有插入语或其他成分把宾语从句和主句分开时，that不可省他He thinks, I m afraid, that he is always right. 当that引导的宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时，that不可省略。They said that rubbing the girl s leg

44、 might help. 从句的主语是 that 时，that 不可省略。She says that that is a real gold ring.用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 The question he will go or not has not been decided. Please let me know you want to go.解析：whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，而if不可以。在引导宾语从句时whether可以与or not直接连用，或是作介词宾语，但是if不可以。所以第题填whether;第题填whether或if皆可。只能使用

45、whether的情形如下： 主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中只能用whethero.Whether he will succeed is still unknown . 2.The question is whether it will rain. 介词后的宾语从句中只用whethero That depends on whether they will come by bus. 后面直接跟动词不定式时只用whethero He doesn t know whether to stay or not. 宾语从句中既可用 whether也可用if引导，但是若后面紧接or not时，只能用whet

46、heroWe didn t know whether or not she was ready.【即学即练】 Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. howD. what解析：选Bo根据前面的动词tell可知,and连接两个并列宾语，所以后面是宾语从句，由从句中or可知答案。表六难占八、【难点三】that 与 what用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确 My opinion iseveryone of us takes o

47、ut $5 for Jane s birthday present. she said puzzled him.解析：that与what引导名词性从句的根本区别在于that在所引导的名词性从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；what在所引导的从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。所以第题填that;第题填 What。单项填空 One advantage of playing the guitar isit can give you a great deal of pleasure.A. howB. why C. thatD. when解析：选Co从句表达的就是 one advantage的具

48、体内容，is后是表语从句，从句中的成分完整，所以所填引导词不作任何成分，故选C。 matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. WhyC. WhereD. Which解析：选Ao从题干的is看出前面是土语从句，从句中没有土语，所以用连接代词what。B、C两项是连接副词，在从句中作状语，故排除。【难点四】wh-ever 与 no matter wh-用一个恰当的词完成卜列句子，使之完整、正确 wants to see this film can go with us tonight. cold it is, I will go to school.解析：疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，而后者只能引导让步状语从句。第题空白处引导主语从句，须填wh