呼吸系统的组成【精品-ppt】

1、1 12 23 34 45 56 6一、呼吸系统的组成一、呼吸系统的组成观察录像并根据课文中的信息，在空格处填上适当的名称观察录像并根据课文中的信息，在空格处填上适当的名称鼻腔鼻腔咽咽喉喉气管气管支气管支气管呼吸道呼吸道肺肺通气、通气、 清清洁、温暖、洁、温暖、湿润空气。湿润空气。 气体交换气体交换 的场所的场所呼呼吸吸系系统统 鼻腔鼻腔 ： 呼吸的起始器官呼吸的起始器官鼻腔鼻腔囗腔囗腔 鼻腔前部生有鼻毛；鼻腔内表面的黏膜，可鼻腔前部生有鼻毛；鼻腔内表面的黏膜，可以分泌黏液，黏膜中还分布着丰富的毛细血以分泌黏液，黏膜中还分布着丰富的毛细血管。管。呼吸道的组成呼吸道的组成咽咽 ：食物与空气的共同

2、通道：食物与空气的共同通道 人们吃进去的食物和吸入的空气都要通过咽，人们吃进去的食物和吸入的空气都要通过咽，然后，空气通过喉进入气管，而食物进入食道。然后，空气通过喉进入气管，而食物进入食道。呼吸时，会厌软骨像抬起的盖子，使空气畅通呼吸时，会厌软骨像抬起的盖子，使空气畅通无阻；吞咽时，又像盖子一样盖住喉口，以免无阻；吞咽时，又像盖子一样盖住喉口，以免食物进入气管。有的人边吃饭边说笑，吞咽时食物进入气管。有的人边吃饭边说笑，吞咽时会厌软骨来不及盖下，食物进入气管，就会引会厌软骨来不及盖下，食物进入气管，就会引起剧烈咳嗽。起剧烈咳嗽。 喉喉呼吸和发声的器官呼吸和发声的器官由许由许 多多 C 形形

3、软骨构成，使气体通畅软骨构成，使气体通畅气管和支气管气管和支气管二、肺适于气体交换的结构特点二、肺适于气体交换的结构特点（一）肺的位置、形状（一）肺的位置、形状位置位置: :肺位于胸腔内肺位于胸腔内形状形状:肺呈圆锥形，柔软而有弹性，肺呈圆锥形，柔软而有弹性，新生儿的肺淡红色，成年人的肺由新生儿的肺淡红色，成年人的肺由于吸入尘埃沉淀在肺内，所以是暗于吸入尘埃沉淀在肺内，所以是暗灰色。灰色。（二）、肺的内部结构（二）、肺的内部结构表表皮皮 细细胞胞毛毛细细 血血管管左、右支气管分别左、右支气管分别进入进入 左、右两肺，左、右两肺，形成形成树枝状的分支树枝状的分支树枝状分支的末树枝状分支的末端形成

4、许多端形成许多肺泡肺泡肺泡外面包肺泡外面包绕着绕着毛细血毛细血管管（三）、肺适于气体交换的结构特点（三）、肺适于气体交换的结构特点1 1、肺泡数量多，表面积大，、肺泡数量多，表面积大，2 2、肺泡壁极薄，只有一层上皮细胞、肺泡壁极薄，只有一层上皮细胞4 4、肺泡有弹性、肺泡有弹性外面缠绕有弹性纤维外面缠绕有弹性纤维3 3、肺泡外面缠绕丰富的、肺泡外面缠绕丰富的毛细血管网毛细血管网 1 （ ）2 （ ）3 （ ）4 （ ）5 （ ）6 （ ）7 （ ）8 （ ）鼻腔鼻腔喉喉右支气管右支气管右肺右肺咽咽气管气管左支气管左支气管左肺左肺练习练习 ：填出呼吸系统各器官的名称：填出呼吸系统各器官的名称o

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