中国的循环经济发展模式

1、中国的循环经济开展模式毛玉如 博士国家清洁生产中心循环经济是对物质闭环流动型经济的简称。循环经济是一种 “促进人与自然 的协调与和谐的经济开展模式，它要求以 减量、再用、循环3R为社会经 济活动的行为准那么，运用生态学规律把经济活动组织成一个资源一产品一再生资源的反应式流程，实现 “低开采、高利用、低排放 ，以最大限度利用进入系 统的物质和能量，减少污染排放、提升经济运行质量和效益。1999 年以来，在中国经济快速增长带来的资源环境压力及国际环保新思潮 的影响下， 国家环保总局将开展循环经济、 建设生态工业园区作为实现区域可持 续开展、经济和环境 "双赢"的一个重要举措，在

2、全国范围内，从不同的层次、角 度和领域，在开展循环经济方面进行了理论的探索和实践的尝试。目前，总局主持通过论证了 13 个国家生态工业示范园区建设，同时正在进 行 5 个循环经济试点的工作。 20 多个省直辖市、自治区在不同层次开展了 循环经济试点示范工作。 辽宁、江苏已制定和实施了全省开展循环经济的实施方 案或规划，取得了明显成效。在生态工业示范园区建设和循环经济试点的根底上， 结合中国的特色，初步总结形成了?生态工业园评价指标体系?和?循环经济市 评价指标体系?，逐步将中国循环经济和生态工业的建设引入科技含量高、标准 和高效的轨道。探索和总结了在中国开展循环经济的模式和运行机制。 如在一个

3、省、 一个市 实施循环经济的“ 31模式，即在企业层面开展清洁生产，在工业园和企业群 层面建立生态工业园， 在城市和区域层面建立循环型社会； 同时建立废旧资源再 生利用产业静脉产业 。提出了“政府主导、市场推进、法律标准、政策扶持、 科技支撑、公众参与的循环经济运行模式。为了总结现阶段循环经济试点、 示范的经验， 进一步推动各地循环经济工作 的开展，根据目前总局开展试点的生态工业示范园区的行业和区域特点及总局 2005 年度工作方案，首期选择钢铁冶炼、盐化工、磷化工、铝业等四个行业以 及综合类园区编写?循环经济开展模式? 。预计 2005年 8 月公布实施。?循环经 济开展模式?的编写内容包括

4、：行业 /园区开展现状、行业 /园区循环经济开展潜 力、行业 /园区开展循环经济典型模式、保障措施分析和案例等五个局部。The Development Pattern of China 's Circular EconomyDr. MAO YuruCHINA NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTERCircular Economy (CE) is the economy development pattern promoting the correspondence and harmony between human beings and nature. I

5、t is required in CE concept that “ReduceR, euse and Recycle should be regarded as the principle of social economic activities. To realize “low exploration, high utilization and low emission th,e economic activit ies should be organized into a reactive flow of “ resource product regenerative resource

6、 In. this way should the substance and energy entering into the system be furthest utilized. Then the pollutant emission will be reduced and the economic operation quality together with efficiency will be improved.CE concept has developed in China as a strategy for reducing the demand of its economy

7、 upon natural resources as well as the damage it causes to natural environments. China 'rsapid industrialization in the last decades has engendered serious problems of depletion of natural resources, degradation of major ecosystems, and pollution extending far beyond its borders. Development bas

8、ed on CE concept will be essential for China to reach an overall well-off society by sustaining fast-paced economic growth while mitigating negative ecological impact and creating more job opportunities.Since 1999， State Environmental Protection Administration of China (SEPA) began to promote CE dev

9、elopment. Establish and improve the demonstration of the circular economic city and eco-industrial park (EIP). Highlight the R&D for the support systems of CE and ecological industry (EI). The CE approach to resource-use efficiency integrates cleaner production (CP) and industrial ecology in a b

10、roader system encompassing industrial firms, networks or chains of firms, EIPs, and regional infrastructure to support resource optimization. State owned and private enterprises, government and private infrastructure, and consumers all have a role in achieving CE development pattern.Under the leader

11、ship of SEPA, different regions and industries carry out pilot projects of CE and EI. At present, there are 13 pilot construction projects of State Demonstration EIP named by SEPA. At the meantime, there goes on 5 circular economic initiatives including Liaoning Province, Guiyang City, Panjing City,

12、 Rizhao City and Yima City. CE initiatives for different levels have been in more than 20 provinces. Assessment Guideline System for EIP and Assessment Guideline System for Circular Economic City are preliminarily concluded out, integrating China 's special feature, on the basis of EIPs construc

13、tion as well as Circular Economic cities. China 'csonstruction of CE and EI has been gradually leading into an orbit of high technology, efficiency and strict criterion.To sum up demonstration experiences and further CE development, SEPA began to organize compiling The D“evelopment Pattern of Ch

14、ina'. s CESteel smelting industry, salt chemical industry, Phosphorus chemical industry, Aluminum industry and integrated industrial park were select firstly according to pilot construction projects. “The Development Pattern of China 'Cisrcular Economywill be promulgated in August.Main contents of “ TheDevelopment Pattern of C